Yintoni ukwehla kunye kungagqibekanga kwaye yintoni umahluko phakathi kwabo?

Economy ichaphazela zonke iinkalo zobomi babantu, ngenxa yokuba ukwazi ngokwemiqathango yalo kunye neenkqubo kuyimfuneko. Isizathu soku ukufumaneka imali kwiwalethi yakho kwaye kufuneka usebenzise njengoko isixhobo sentlawulo. Ngaphezu koko, ingqiqo ezifana ukwehla, ukunyuka kwamaxabiso kunye olungagqibekanga, kunokwenzeka ngakumbi ukuba afumaneka iindaba. Baya kuthetha iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo ukuba ibe nefuthe elibi kakhulu kuphuhliso lwezoqoqosho karhulumente. Kakade ke, oku kuchaphazela impilo-ntle yakho. Kwaye yintoni kanye uthatha imali ephuma engxoweni kwaye yehlise zabo namandla yokuthenga, kufuneka ukuqonda iinkcukacha ezingaphezulu.

ukwehla

Ukuhlalutya oko ukwehla kunye olungagqibekanga, kufuneka ahlawule nangoko ingqalelo umahluko osisiseko phakathi iinkqubo. Funda ngayo ngezantsi. Ukwehla - yinkqubo yokunciphisa iindleko kwezoqoqosho izinga lotshintshiselwano lwemali ukuya kwenye lwemali okanye ukwehla umlinganiselo wegolide ekuqinisekiseni lwemali kazwelonke. Lo mkhuba umphumela nokuhla ka koqoqosho nophuhliso, nto leyo yenza kube nzima ukugcina ukutshintshiselana izinga ngexesha elifanayo kwinqanaba.

Ngengqiqo emxinwa, ukwehla - oku ukuhla kwixabiso lemali, nto leyo ebonisa izinga ukunqamka okunokwenzeka. Umzekelo, isantya sonaniso lwemali "A" ukuya lwemali "B"-1 ukuya 1. Ngoko, emva kokuba ukudodobala kophuhliso loqoqosho kweli lizwe apho lwemali "A" iyasetyenziswa, imali yayo kuba zitshiphu nxamnye lwemali "B". Enyanisweni, wawa kunye nazo zonke ezinye iimali. Olu nyango kwenza kube lula ukuba atyhile ingqikelelo 'ukwehla "ngolwimi olulula.

engagqibekanga

Ukungagqibeki - kukuthi ukwala yezoqoqosho qumrhu ukwenza ngaphambili kuthathwa ngetyala okanye namanye amatyala nezibophelelo. Oku kuvela ngenxa yokudodobala kwezoqoqosho okanye ngenxa ukwehla, ukwenyuka aphezulu okanye ukusilela kutshintsho loqoqosho. Oku kuthetha ukuba esi sifundo, ezizezi urhulumente, lo awodwa kwezoqoqosho, inkampani okanye umntu akakwazi ukuhlawula imali-mboleko ngenxa yokunqongophala kwemali ekhoyo ukwenzela le njongo. Ukuvakalisa default, isifundo uyakuqonda lingakwazi ukuhlawula, nakuba ukuya-mboleko qinisekisa ukubuya.

Sam olungagqibekanga inokwenzeka ukufumana impahla yamatyala sabhambathisa besibini zaye zakhutshwa. Emva koko ke zilahlwe ngendlela elula kuba yipropathi nombolekisi kunye namatyala yomboleki ziyacinywa. Noko ke, xa kungekho mali ukuhlawula imali-mboleko, isaziso amatyala yayo. Ngokwenene, njengequmrhu lwezoqoqosho yimali. Emva koku ke kufuneka ukuba siqwalasele le meko, umbuzo okuza kwenzeka xa kuthe engagqibekanga yoqoqosho. Funda ngayo ngezantsi.

Ukwehla no kwendlao kwi kuqoqosho

Ngoko ke, yintoni na ukwehla kunye olungagqibekanga? Ukwehla elithi ingqalelo ukususela iimbono ezimbini: ukusuka kwindawo umbono kolawulo "umgangatho ngegolide" pre-ezikhoyo ngoku mahala (market) exchange. Ukuba sicinga ukuba isantya sonaniso lwemali kulawulwa yi-mali zolondolozo zegolide, ukwehla yinkqubo ukunciphisa umlinganiselo begolide nemali zangaphandle kwi kubonelelo imali uzinzo lwemali. Umzekelo oku ezifanele le yuan Chinese, izinga lonaniselwano leyo na ummiselo simahla, kwaye ilawulwa yi-Peoples Bank of China. ibhodi Currency yinyaniso ukuba kwamanye amazwe amaninzi.

Ikhosi ye lwemali yamanye amazwe, ezamahala market "yokukhangela". Oku kuthetha ukuba imfuno kwiyunithi amazwe imisela ngexabiso layo. Oku kwenza izinga lotshintshiselwano, oko kukuthi, ixabiso lemali omnye ilizwe kwenye lwemali. Phantsi kweemeko ezinjalo, ukwehla kuthetha ukunciphisa izinga lwemali omnye kubo bonke abanye.

Ukungagqibeki, inkqubo ukwehla ngokungafaniyo na isenzeko etshabalalisayo ngakumbi. Yeyona yokunqongophala kwemali, ekufuneka ibuyiselwe kwi-mboleko. Isihloko, okt inkampani, urhulumente okanye umntu labucala, oko kuyimfuneko kukuqonda kwendalo. Oku kuthetha ukuba lithathe ixesha elithile eyadlulayo, isixa-asethi, kodwa ixesha elimisiweyo akukho ithuba ukubuya. Ngezantsi zonke ezi iinkqubo aphendule imibuzo malunga nokuba yintoni ukwehla kunye olungagqibekanga, zichaziwe ngokunabileyo.

Ububanzi iinkqubo engagqibekanga kunye ukwehla

Ukuze uqonde ukuba ukwehla kunye olungagqibekanga, kufuneka kugqitywe ukuba iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo ngokoMthetho. Ukwehla - kukho ukwehla kwexabiso lwemali, kunye engagqibekanga - iingxaki zoqoqosho nzulu, ukunqongophala lilonke isakhono kwemali mboleko. Kwiinkqubo ezifana ukwehla kunye Ngokungagqibekanga, umahluko kubalulekile kuba zinokuthi zisetyenziswe zezifundo ezahlukeneyo. Ukwehla ngokunxulumene kuphela kurhulumente, oko kukuthi, iqumrhu into inkqubo yayo emali lwemali. Default - lo mbono eziziimpawu umntu othile, inkampani okanye urhulumente.

Noko ke, kule nkqubo, kukho ezinye nesenzeko eziqhelekileyo, kwakunye kuzo qha. Uluntu lokuqala - kwintlekele yoqoqosho: ukwehla, engagqibekanga kunye amatyala kwenzeka xa le nkqubo yezoqoqosho. Uluntu yesibini - imiphumo ixesha elide negative negama: zombini ezi nkqubo ukunciphisa nomtsalane lwemali utyalo kunye nokugcinwa eyinkunzi. Ezinye la magama ezahlukileyo.

Uqoqosho engenakuzimaseka: Pathways ukuba ukwehla kunye engagqibekanga

Yintoni ezahlukeneyo kwezo ukwehla okungagqibekanga yaye apho la magama zihlanganiswe? Ukuba zonke iiyantlukwano ecacileyo, ingongoma zoqhagamshelwano inokuba nomahluko kakhulu. Kufuneka kwakhona kwi iinkqubo ezithile kuqoqosho lamazwe anoqoqosho ngokwaneleyo. Umzekelo, kukho i "A" likarhulumente uqoqosho buthathaka okanye ezingazinzanga. Kweli lizwe, kwenkcazo unit emali, leyo, emva ukupheliswa "yeyona ndlela isemagqabini" ezinikwa neemali zangaphandle. Umthamo imali elingana nemali yakhululwa imeko iimpahla.

Ngenxa ulawulo kwamagama mgaqweni okanye ngenxa ingeniso kwezoqoqosho okanye urhwebo lokuthumela kumazwe angaphandle ukwayo karhulumente kunye namashishini yayo lincitshiswe. Emva koko amashishini asebenza "yokugcina" okanye akukho esakwazi. Ngelo xesha kwanciphisa ekungeneni esifanayo kunaniselwano namazwe angaphandle, nto leyo ifuna inkcitho neemali zangaphandle kuba intlawulo yezibonelelo zentlalo okanye nokungasebenzi. Ngenxa yoko, imali koovimba zegolide kunciphisa. Oku kuthetha ukuba ilizwe koovimba ezimbalwa ukuqinisekisa imali. Kuye nokwehla ingqiniseko yomtyali, kunye noqoqosho lisebenza ineffectively. Ukwehla kwenzeka: uphelelo unit wolawulo ngokunxulumene kwamanye amazwe.

Indlela yokuphuma lobunzima

Kwiimeko ezinjalo, uRhulumente uya isigqibo ekufumaneni mboleko ukuze utyalo-mali kuqoqosho. Xa mboleko zichithwa ezingenangqondo, oko kukuthi, umzekelo, imali hayi nokuzinziswa uqoqosho kunye neendleko zezibonelelo loluntu ukwenzela ukuba zinciphisa nentembelo urhulumente, isiphumo izicacele: uqoqosho hayi lokuhlengahlengiswa, kwaye ityala lisekhona, lixesha lokuba sibuyele imali ngetyala. Ukuba ngaba urhulumente akakwazi ukuhlawula amatyala abo-mboleko okanye mboleko ngurhulumente, sokungagqibeki. Ke ingxaki ilungile wonke jikelele kwinqanaba nge ngenjongo yokufumana isisombululo ukuvuselela uqoqosho, ukuya obolekayo imali.

ukwehla kunye contact engagqibekanga indawo

Ngokutsho mzekelo ungentla ingaba izigqibo ezimbini: ukwehla inokuba injini emiselweyo. Okwesibini, default kungaba umqhubi a entsha ukwehla. Yiloo nto ke ezingxaki zangoku kwezoqoqosho kunye nokungabikho asethi ukulungisa amatyala bandiqumbise ukwehla entsha. Oku njalo-ngokuba indawo zoqhagamshelwano la magama. Ngendlela, ukuba azinanto yakwenza kwamaxabiso, nto leyo nayo kuba umqhubi lobunzima kwezoqoqosho.

Le engenangqondo Umba 'kungagqibekanga kwe engange "

Enye ukungaqondi lo lwemali emiselweyo. Ngoko ke, yintoni na engagqibekanga le engange? Le meko, nto leyo okunene kwenzeka, nangona kwithiyori oko kunokwenzeka. Kuya ingachazwa njengento yokuwa enzulu imali engange, apho akayi waqonda njengendlela sentlawulo aphesheya. Kuba engange akayi kuba nako ukuthenga nokuba iyunithi encinci lemali kwelinye ilizwe. Nantso into engagqibekanga engange. Ukuba uyakhumbula Solzhenitsyn ucaphula, iya kukhangela ngolu hlobo: ngokuba engange lwethu luya kuba nako ukunika "ubuso" kuphela.

Ifuthe ukwehla kunye engagqibekanga kuqoqosho

Yintoni ukwehla kunye ungasilela ngokubhekiselele impembelelo yoqoqosho kunye intsalela iintlawulo ezikhoyo yezoqoqosho? Ukwehla yinkqubo ezisemthethweni (okanye fihla) imvume yokuba imali yesizwe ixabisa ngaphantsi kwezinye, nemali ukuzinzisa ikhondo okanye ayifumaneki, okanye ukuzikhetha ayikho enengqondo. Isiphumo buthathaka imali, ukwandisa ixabiso kwezinye iimali kunye, okona kubaluleke kakhulu, ukunciphisa nokuzithemba abatyali kuqoqosho lweli lizwe.

Ukungagqibeki kwakhona yinkqubo apho "likuthoba" uqoqosho emehlweni abatyali-mali. Ngoko ke ikharensi obangwe ukulondoloza, ekubeni ukwehla kunye engagqibekanga zihamba lisekhona ukunyuka kwezinga lokwenyuka kwamaxabiso. Imali amaxabiso kude ngaphantsi kunakuqala. Kwakungathi nkqu ngaphakathi elizweni, ingakumbi ukuba rhoqo "cinezela wokushicilela" kumba engamaphepha ezintsha. Hi ndlela leyi, ukwehla alunasiphumo kwi kuqoqosho lwasekhaya ukuba akuxhomekekanga kwizinto ezingeniswa elizweni. Emali kuphazamisa kuchaphazela.

ukulunga nokungalungi orhwebo ukwehla

In ukwehla kengoko neziphumo akhabayo kunye navumelanayo. Kwelinye icala, akukho mathandabuzo, siya kufuneka akukhankanye ukuhla kwamaxabiso impahla kumazwe angaphandle. Urhulumente, leyo devalued, uthengisa impahla kwelinye ilizwe banamazinga aphezulu kwaye uzinze exchange, ingasizakali iimveliso zakhe. Ezi zixhobo ephawulekayo inzuzo.

Ukongeza, basemzini ezinjalo iimveliso axabisa kakhulu zingathengwa kumazwe anoqoqosho aphuhliswe kakuhle. Lo ngumba ukwandisa ukhuphiswano kwamanye amazwe. Kufuneka wenze ntoni xa kukho ukwehla kule meko? Yinto elula: ukusebenza uze uthengise. Phengulula indidi iimarike uzame ukuzuza zintshula phezu kwabo. abasebenzi Ukushiya ukusebenza kwamanye amazwe nayo ikuvumela ukuba uzuze ngakumbi, nangona eli qhinga Ayize nakanye umfanekiso yelizwe kwaye izoyikiso "yobukrelekrele lokuphuma 'kwamanye amazwe.

Ifuthe elibi ukwehla kurhwebo

Nefuthe elibi ukwehla na ukunyuka okukhulu kwamaxabiso eemveliso amazwe. Yintoni na urhulumente kunye ukwehla? Eyona kakuhle ukuze bazikhusele amazwe ngenxa endaweni import. Le ndlela yeyona abanobuchule kakhulu kwaye elungeleleneyo, kuba likuvumela ukuba ukuthintela nencindi asethi kwemali amazwe kwindlela yogcino-lizwe abachaphazelekayo. Noko ke, xa urhulumente akakwazi ukuvelisa iimveliso ezithile, umzekelo, inxalenye ukutya, nto nangoku kunyanzeleke ukuba ukuwathenga. Kungenjalo, inani labantu ubuso nokudla. Inyathelo lesithathu ukuba urhulumente kufuneka ukuba uyenze ukuze imali engakumbi. Eli nyathelo sele ubuhlungu kurhwebo lwasekhaya lwaza ivuselele zombini ukwehla ezitsha kunye nokunyuka kwamaxabiso.

Le abane ukuba ukwehla

Ngowe-2015, le engange "yakhululwa" kwi "ezidadayo free" kwaye kulawulwa ngokuzimeleyo, ngokuxhomekeka kwimfuno. Emva koko, isantya kwakhe umnqamlezo ebegqwese lifinyele, ngaloo neempembelelo kwaye ukungaqiniseki kwezopolitiko. Izicwangciso karhulumente - ukuqala ekufumaneni iintlawulo amandla kuphela engange. Kwaye oko kuthetha into enye kuphela - ikhosi ye-kuphuhliso loqoqosho yorhwebo. Ngethamsanqa, oku engagqibekanga. Yintoni na? Ngamagama alula, yinto kushenxa kwezoqoqosho entlantlu izakhi eziliqela.

Okokuqala, uphelelo engange kukhokelela ekukhuleni zonke ezinye iimali. Russian kwamafa ngoku phantse ama-45% luqulathe zeerandi. Olu lwemali yaziwa, akukho exhaswa ngegolide, kwaye savunywa kwamanye amazwe njengoko yolondolozo emva kokukhatywa "umgangatho yegolide." engange Russian kunye neemali amazwe kwamanye amazwe. Ukwehla kwe dollar kwenza kube lula ukuba i ekhoyo asethi langaphandle exchange akhona Wothenga uninzi imali engange-asethi zehlabathi ndiwabuyisele eRussia.

Ngenxa yoko, ekuqhubeni izibalo ze-oyile negesi uza kufuna abathengi ukuba bathenge kuqala engange ngemali zabo, baze emva koko babuyele emva ntlawulo. Eyona nto ukuba lwemali exchange rate uza kuxhoma ngenxa yokubaluleka ifunwa kakhulu. Leyo ke ALS ixesha elide, yaye oku koko kusongela ukwehla kule engange kwixesha elide. Kodwa ngokwexeshana elifutshane ukuba usenokuphila kwenye olungagqibekanga.

Yintoni eyenza abantu

Yonke into esongela ukwehla kwi engange, ngeke babe negalelo elikhulu kwi ekrwada zokwakha kuqoqosho. Mbi ngenxa kuphela ngagqibekanga, leyo ke nangokuxabana ukwehla esomeleleyo ngokwanelisayo ngokukhawuleza. Inani labemi kweli xesha kubalulekile ukuba ukhetha ukufumana imali-mboleko. yokonga imali ivunyelwe ukugcina umgangatho wokuphila yeyona ndlela namhlanje. Noko ke, kufuneka kuqondwe ukuba ntlekele akwazi tsala iminyaka engaphezu kwama-5.

Kule meko, i-qhinga onolwazi kukuba ukugcina izinto zakho ezibalulekileyo: estate lokwenene kunye neemoto. Ukuthenga impahla okanye umhlaba kwiindawo elithembisayo zokwakha ziza kunyuka ngokuphawulekayo imali yakho. Elokugqiba, kubalulekile ukuba baphile ngokwamandla abo, ukuqinisekisa ukuba imivuzo eyaneleyo. Ke kaloku kuya kubakho Ngokungagqibekanga, abemi kwakhona alichatshazelwa ukuba Kakade ke, ayikho ezandleni imixokelelwane mboleko federal. Ngokungafaniyo ukwehla okungagqibekanga kunye ukubonakala iimeko urhulumente olungagqibekanga abalahla lokuvuthwa kwazo. Ke bona abanye, yaye engagqibekanga kunye ukwehla zange kuchaphazela umdla labemi, musa ukusebenzisa imali kunye nempahla amazwe, ngoxa nokukhawulezisa izinga lokonyuka kwamaxabiso.