Transnistria isixeko: Tiraspol, Bendery, Rybnitsa. Dnestr Moldavian Republic

Kweli hlabathi siphila kulo, akukho abambalwa kangaka ithi eliyi okanye ngokuyinxenye ezaziwayo. Phakathi kwazo, kunye Transnistria. Eli lizwe omncane iwonga elingaqondakaliyo, ibekwe kwinxalenye kumzantsi-mpuma eYurophu. Eli nqaku liza kukunceda wazi apho imizi zezethu Transnistria, kwakunye uthethe ngawo ulwazi oluninzi umdla.

Transnistria: imbali emfutshane karhulumente engaziwa

Transnistria (ngokusemthethweni Pridnestrovie, ekwimo olufinyeziweyo - TMR) - isiqwenga emxinwa somhlaba phakathi Dniester kunye Ukraine. De jure, le mimandla kuba kwiRiphabliki Moldova. De facto kukho akwazi ukuzilawula, kodwa azikhange zikhunjulwe kwiriphabliki noluntu jikelele, leyo wathi inkululeko ngo-1990. Namhlanje imeko kummandla Transnistrian ihlelwa ekuhlaleni yaseYurophu yezopolitiko njenge "ungquzulwano ekhenkcezisiweyo".

Ummandla wesimanje Transnistria ezincinane wada wafanisa Moldova elincinane (nje 4000 macala onke. Km). KwiRiphabliki ilikhaya kubantu abangama-500,000 (kule nombolo, malunga nama-70% kwiindawo ezisezidolophini). Isakhiwo nobuhlanga labemi esilawulwa ngabantu abathathu: i Moldovans, Ukraine Russian.

Okwakufudula kuqoqosho eSoviet, i TMR lifumene inani lamashishini amakhulu orhwebo. Phakathi kwabo - i Moldavian GRES, iifektri metallurgical nemiqhaphu, cognac mveliso. kwizixeko ezikhulu Transnistria ukuba ukurhweba rhoqo European Union. Nangona kunjalo, zonke iimveliso zenziwa kweli lizwe, eliphawulwe Made in uphawu Moldova.

Ekuqukumbeleni ibali lethu elifutshane malunga Pridnestrovie ezinye iinyani ezinika umdla malunga nale kumiswa ndawo:

• Pmr - lizwe kuphela ehlabathini, indwe kunye ingubo iingalo ebonisa iimpawu eziphambili yiSoviet (izando nezixholo, irhengqa inkwenkwezi-sisinge ezintlanu);
• Transnistria uye Amanxusa akwamanye kwezizwana ezimbini eliyi - Abkhazia noMzantsi Ossetia;
• city Transdniestria zahluke nokuqoqosheka, Ukucoceka kunye nococeko, elithanda kuthelekiswa ne Belarus;
• kwisixeko Transnistrian ka Bender wafa Ivan Mazepa, apha 1710, omnye Ukrainian Hetman filipp Orlik thaca kuluntu siseko wokuqala European;
• izixeko ezibini likhulu lizwe (Bender kunye Tiraspol) inxibelelanisa enye ezimbalwa eYurophu ubude amabanga ebhasini isebe yeekhilomitha 13;
• Transnistria-ofisi weqela lezopolitiko "United Russia";
• imali engange Transnistrian ngo-2012-2015 yathatyathwa le lwemali yeyona robust elalisakuba yiSoviet Union.

Ibali enye impi

Ukuwa eSoviet Union zenyuse iintshukumo obuzimele kunye amandla kwabangela iingxabano kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo mbuso omkhulu. Enye yezi hot spots yaba kodonga lasekhohlo Dniester.

Ngo-1990 bagqithisa kakhulu ungquzulwano phakathi esanda kwenziwa ngabasemagunyeni aseMoldova kunye nomenklatura Transnistrian. Transnistrians akazange afune ukuba yinxalenye Moldova, oyike rapprochement ne eRomania.

Ungquzulwano sangena kwisigaba ngxabano evulekileyo emkhosini entwasahlobo ka-1992. NgoMatshi, Moldova wagqiba ukubuyisela amandla igunya lakhe phezu kodonga enemvukelo ekhohlo Dniester. Nangona kunjalo, kwicala Pridnestrovians ukuba yinxalenye 14 Russian Army, kwakunye abalindi omkhosi ka Ukraine. Ngoko ke, ukuba ukumisela ulawulo phezu Moldavians Transdnestr ayikwazanga, umlambo Dniester ngokukhawuleza kakhulu yaba umgca ngaphambili.

Luvuthondaba yale mfazwe yaba Kwidabi isixeko Bendery. NgoJulayi 1992, amaqela axhobileyo Pridnestrovians inkxaso kwamatanki Russian wawela Dniester kunye akhuselweyo Bender. Ngomhla ezitratweni zomzi yaqalisa kubulawa yokwenene, yabulala 600 abantu ubomi. Emva kwale mfazwe, amaqela baqalisa ukukhangela iindlela yokuhlaliswa esinoxolo kwimpixano, yaye ekugqibeleni zisayine isivumelwano uxolo eMoscow.

Ngokubanzi, kwi ungquzulwano Transnistrian wabulala abantu abaphantse 1,200.

Transnistria emzini

Pmr indawo yolawulo yohlulwe kwizithili ezi-5. Ngaphakathi kurhulumente engaziwa, kukho imizi-8 (ezidweliswe ukusuka emantla ukuya emazantsi):

• Kamenka;
• Rybnitsa;
• Dubossary;
• Grigoriopol;
• Tiraspol ezinkulu;
• ephuza;
• Slobozia;
• Dnestrovsk umda dolophu.

Transnistria ibuye inani imimandla ngawo kunye nobume ezimbini. Kwabo ziquka ezinye iilali (Cosnita, Parata, Dorotcaia et al.), IZithili Varnitsa Bender kunye nokuhlaliswa Korzhevo e Dubossary.

Phantse ikomkhulu - isixeko Tiraspol

Transnistria, kwakunye nawuphi na ilizwe, uye ikomkhulu yayo. Nguwo lowo umzi ka Tiraspol. Nangona umntu enesithuba post-eSoviet kunzima kakhulu ukuyicinga isixeko eyinkunzi elinabemi yabantu 130 lamawaka. Noko ke, "Capital" ziviwa. izitrato cwaka lephondo Tiraspol zahluke kwezinye luphila, kwaye uzive i "umoya ngamandla 'kwi izakhiwo amakhulu oluntu, nangona asibonakali.

In Tiraspol ke urhulumente kunye nePalamente of pmr. Ukongeza, umzi i kwimbali nenkcubeko iziko ebalulekileyo Transnistria kuphela yaye lonke Moldova.

Ukususela igama lesiGrike elithi Tiraspol ilula kakhulu kwaye kucacile - ". Isixeko kwi Dniester" Yena ngokwenene imi phezu kodonga lasekhohlo lomlambo enkulu eMpuma Yurophu, iikhilomitha nje ezintandathu ukusuka kumda Ukraine. Esi sixeko yasekwa ngo-1792. Yaba ngeli xesha ukuze apha Suvorov waqala ukwakha inqaba. Ngowe-1806 Tiraspol waba iziko yesithili yinxalenye kwiphondo Kherson, naphakathi iimfazwe zehlabathi ezimbini, yaye nexesha ukuba atyelele eli ziko of the Moldavian ASSR.

Modern Tiraspol kakhulu mnandi. iziko layo ayithandayo ukucoceka, nokuqoqosheka, iipavumente ebanzi, iibhedi intyatyambo kakuhle kwaye kukho inani elikhulu ezinqabileyo (Soviet) zakudala.

Iindawo ezinika umdla zotyelelo woKhanketho kwi ikomkhulu TMR bit. Abo ziquka inqaba endala (kwekhulu XVIII emva kwexesha), lo Cathedral ye Yokuzalwa kaKristu (2000), ezintle kunye nezivatho Council House, wakha kwi 50. Ukongeza, abakhenkethi uthanda ukutyelela e Tiraspol, izakhiwo zemidlalo mihla "Sheriff", nto leyo ithatha indawo enkulukazi hectares 65.

Bender - isixeko ngabakhenkethi Transnistria

imizi ezimbalwa kakhulu nga ndoqhayisa Transnistria Utyelelo rhoqo kwabatyeleli bevela kwiindawo eza- aphesheya kude. Bender - omnye wabo. Ukuba abahambi ugqibe ukuya pmr, ku babiza kuyimfuneko kulo mzi.

City Bender - yesibini ngobukhulu abemi beRiphabliki. Ke yokuqala inani ezikhumbuzo lwembali bokwakha. Kumbindi wesixeko umntu angabona ezininzi izakhiwo ezintle XIX-XX eminyaka. Kodwa nomtsalane kubakhenkethi iphambili e Bender i inqaba yamandulo kakuhle walondoloza Turkish. Hi ndlela leyi, inxalenye kwinqaba iShushan akuve iyunithi elungile yasemkhosini.

Sikunye ezikhumbuzo zemveli yokwakha Bendery okuninzi "amangcwaba" 1992 imfazwe. Umzekelo, abethwa iindonga ebudeni iHolo City isigqibo ukubuyisela. Imikhondo imfazwe kungabonwa namhlanje zikwifacade yayo.

Ribnita - iziko woshishino Transnistria

Ngasentla, eli lizwe engaziwa, engqongwe ziinduli ubangel Podolsk inkangala isixeko bandlala Ribnita. Transnistria complex yayo enamandla mveliso kungenxa kanye kulo mzi. Ribnita ibonelela malunga nesiqingatha ingeniso kuhlahlo lwabiwo-mali ye-TMR, ngokunjalo malunga-60% of Belarus 'kwamanye amazwe. Kukho iinkampani kwama-400 ezahlukeneyo.

Ngokwemiqathango yezokhenketho umzi sikakrebe kakhulu. Of ezinomtsalane asekuhlaleni - enkulu-isikali Victory Memorial Cathedral Arhangela Mihaila (ingeminye TMR), kwakunye yamangcwaba obalaseleyo (ngexabiso historical). Enye yaqaqamba Ribnita ukuze kuchazwe ishiywe Ichibi (mveliso), ngempumelelo wafukama phezu Dniester.

Kamenka - iiholide lenani Transnistria

Ukuba kwisihloko kubakhenkethi esise weRiphabliki unelungelo bobabo Bender, i "capital zolonwabo" karhulumente currency nga ngokukhuselekileyo kubizwa ngokuba sisixeko Kamenka. Transnistria ngaba ngokwenene ukuqhayisa okwetyeli kuhle kakhulu, eliye eyaziwa ukususela 1870s. City Kamenka ise emantla esibi pmr, xa ekudibaneni Dniester esemlanjeni igama elifanayo. Apha kwasekwa iimeko zemozulu ekhethekileyo: ezilulwalwa, phantse kummango ekhuselekileyo isixeko izibuko evela imimoya ebandayo, ngokubonelela okwetyeli Transnistrian ehlotyeni elide ebusika ngokwanelisayo mnene.

E Kamenka ikhaya kubantu 9,000 kuphela. Isiseko loqoqosho lwengingqi - kuba izibonelelo zasemaphandleni iiholide. Esi sixeko edume kweso sibhedlele lizwe "Dniester", eyenzelwe ukumimitheka ngaxeshanye zabantu 450. Ke Kamenka edume ngokuba iidiliya zawo aqholiweyo okumnandi yaye, ke ngoko, iwayini kakhulu.

Dnestrovsk - eneji intliziyo kwiriphabliki

isixeko Dnestrovsk ise ekupheleni komzantsi le pmr, kufutshane nomda Ukrainian. Kulapha ukuba amandla izityalo likhulu lizwe. Le umbane apha, nokuba athunyelwa (ku Moldova kunye Ukraine).

Xa ingozi, Moldavian GRES ngowe-1964 yayakhiwe phezu kodonga lasekhohlo lomlambo. Ukuba oku kwenzeke, i-ukuzimela kwezoqoqosho kwiriphabliki vo bekuya kuba ngoku umbuzo omkhulu. Namhlanje, isixeko ilikhaya kubantu abamalunga ne-10 amawaka. Inxalenye enkulu yabantu Dniester osebenza mveliso yasekuhlaleni.