Repatriation - yintoni na le nto? Ngubani onelungelo Ukugrunjwa iveliswa njani na?

elithi "kuhlelwa" lisetyenziswa ehlabathini kwezopolitiko kunye noshishino. Yiyiphi imilinganiselo yaye yintoni injongo kwenzeka amaninzi?

Igama elithi "kuhlelwa"

Okuqhelekileyo, "kuhlelwa" - na ukubuya nabani na okanye kubuya into ukusuka kwelinye ilizwe ukuya kwilizwe labo. Kusenokuba, umzekelo, abemi abeza urhulumente apho bazalwa kunye wavuswa, evela kwamanye amazwe, apho ngenxa yesizathu esithile babephila ixesha elide. Njengomgaqo, olu hlobo kuthutha ekuso kubantu abuyele kwilizwe lawo uhlanga. Kwinqanaba komthetho wamazwe ngamazwe, le meko iye yabonakala kwi Convention eGeneva ngo-1949.

Kwakukho imiba igqalwa kwilizwe loxolo - ngokwahlukileyo ukuze benze intshukumo abemi phakathi kwamazwe amabini kutsha nje malunga nexesha eyaqala ngawo. Kukho ezinye iinguqulelo zale kota. Ezi ziquka, umzekelo, ukuba baphindele of capital: xa imali efunyenwe ngumntu aphesheya, wabuyela kwilizwe lakhe. Eli binzana inxulunyaniswe kwakhona kwindawo inkcubeko kunye nobugcisa. Kulo mzekelo, amaxabiso athile leyo ukwelinye, wabuyela kwilizwe awazalelwa kuyo zembali.

kuthutha Civil: A Global lwembono

Abantu ebuya ekhaya emva ubomi elide kwelinye, wabiza ababuyiselwe. Kumazwe ahlukeneyo isenzo yentsebenziswano karhulumente aba bantu babe neempawu zesizwe. Kwamanye amazwe, amazwe kwi ubume abantu banelungelo yokuhlala yexeshana. Ngamanye - Abantu ababuya kwamanye amazwe, ukufumana ubumi kungekudala. Kukho amazwe kunye inani elikhulu kakhulu abantu abanjalo. KwaSirayeli, umzekelo, isihlanu labemi - kwamanye amazwe.

Phakathi kwamazwe, yanikwa ingxaki ukubuya iqela zemveli uhlanga labantu okanye abemi zangaphambili kwilizwe lawo - Russia, Armenia, Greece, eJamani, Hungary, ithi lweBaltic. abavela New kula mazwe isiqinisekiso uluhlu olubanzi amalungelo oluntu. Ngokutsho kwezinye iingcali, ukubuya abantu kwilizwe labo zembali - kakhulu kuphuhliso HIV. Kakhulu kuba bezele imithombo yabantu kunye nabasebenzi kweli lizwe. Repatriation - oku kulungile oku ngenxa lizwe, ukuqala lo mbono.

Xa kwemali ezweni labo

Kukho utoliko ezininzi yokumisa yintoni na ukuba baphindele kwemali. Kusenokwenzeka, njengokuba ezinye iingcali zikholelwa, bangxamele ngabom karhulumente ukuba abuyele ikomkhulu ngaphambili ngokungekho mthethweni kwamanye amazwe. Ngoko ke, ngale ndlela, lo gama uchaphazelekayo yinxalenye ummiselo mali lukazwelonke. kuthutha yolawulo imali inceda urhulumente kunye Central Bank of lizwe ukulawula ukunyuka kwamaxabiso, imali kazwelonke, ukuqinisekisa umgangatho zokuhlala zemali kuqoqosho. Ezinye States ziye ezikhethekileyo ukuthunyelwa eyinkunzi, kuyinxalenye yentlanganisela apho kuya kubakho Ukugrunjwa - oku kwenza ukuba ukuphucula eseleyo yesizwe lwentlawulo izalathisi kunye neenkqubo emali nokutshintshiselana. Xa inkqubo iintshukumo cross-umda imali, njengoko umthetho, oko akubandakanyi kuphela amazwe ukuba likhaya elikomkhulu umnini, kodwa urhulumente, apho imali ziyasuswa. nokuphuma kwemali ixhomekeke iintlobo ezikhethekileyo zerhafu. Kukho izinto ezifuna ubungcali ezininzi zomthetho ngeentlawulo cross-umda ngaphakathi sikhokelo lamajelo kuhlelwa.

Iinjongo zale states kunye kuhlelwa imali

Nawuphi na intshukumo inter-imeko yemali, kubandakanywa le ngxaki yokusetyenziswa kuhlelwa of yengeniso yamazwe angaphandle kweli - sisixhobo se-qhinga sophuhliso loqoqosho lwesizwe. Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, kukho amazwe ingqukuva-kwamanye amazwe. Kukho kwakhona amazwe lwemali ngaphandle. nkqubo sabo ixhomekeke meko kwezoqoqosho: ngokwesiqhelo, uphuhliso oluzinzileyo le miqobo Rhweba ngaphakathi no Rhweba kwenkunzi buthathaka, kodwa xa crisis - Kusasazwa yokungena nokuphuma kwemali kuba sincinci kakhulu. Ingakumbi xa sithetha kuhlelwa imali esityalwe uqoqosho kula mazwe. UmMiselo lweentshukumo zoluntu kwenziwa ngokuqwalasela iimfuno zabo bodwa wesizwe, kodwa ukuba alungise lwezoqoqosho kuzwelonke. Urhulumente unako ukunika iziqinisekiso ezongezelelweyo ngenxa yeentshukumo ukuhanjiswa kwezinto Finance egameni layo, ukunika ukhuselo inshorensi of capital angaphandle phambi imingcipheko zezopolitiko.

Stock Exchange - kuhlelwa kwebhetri capital

Ityala elikhethekileyo kwilizwe ezinkulu - baphindele yenzuzo evela kutyalo amazwe. Kwintsebenziswano kwezoqoqosho inter-karhulumente yanamhlanje, le nkqubo ibizwa unxulunyaniswa imali eninzi. mali kaZwelonke, leyo ngazo, njengoko umthetho, zenza ubunzima ephambili eyinkunzi ngokuthi zokutsala imali kubatyali amazwe. Ngenxa yoko, kuhlelwa ngengeniso eyenziwe ngexesha intengiso yezabelo.

Abatyali ukutshintsha phezu imali ezinokuthi cashed kwilizwe lakhe, uhambe, ngoko imarike apho urhwebo yenziwe. Kakade ke, ngenxa nezithintelo incinane ukuthenga ngamazwe kunye nokuthengiswa nezabelo kwimijikelo ezinjalo enokwenziwa izihlandlo ezininzi ngosuku - ngaloo wazimisa imarike stock. Kodwa ukusuka kwindawo esesikweni lwembono, nowokupheliswa iingeniso afunyenwe kwizifundo borhwebo kwi a th okanye abasemzini MICEX - kuhlelwa ngokupheleleyo. Oku kubonisa ukuba nomdla kwi nemiba ezintle yotyalo-mali evela kurhulumente.

Buyela ekhaya lwamaxabiso zenkcubeko

Xa lithi, ukuba inkcubeko izityebi lesizwe, kukho imizekelo emangalisayo lobuciko kwakunye imisebenzi yobugcisa ekuveliseni ikhondo exchange ngamazwe. Ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukahlukeneyo, zonke ezi amaxabiso inganikezelwa amazwe. Amaninzi kungenxa imfazwe okanye batshintshe inkqubo lobukoloniyali ngamaxesha asebukhosini. Namhlanje, urhulumente apho zadalwa ngokuxabiseka kwenkcubeko ukuba zibonakele kwamanye amazwe, bethatha ukusebenza kokubuya khaya lemveli lesizwe.

injongo yazo - kuhlelwa kwempahla yenkcubeko. Lwenziwe nkomfa inkulu enxulumene kwisenzo yentsebenziswano phakathi kwamazwe ezahlukileyo kulo mba. karhulumente ingakumbi esebenzayo kunye nembali abasusela yamandulo: eYiputa, eGrisi, Libya. Musa ahlale ecaleni Afrika kunye Latin America. Ubunzima iphambili thethwano kukuba kurhulumente, apho amaxabiso zenkcubeko ngoku, abasoloko siqaphele ukufaneleka kwiimfuno ezithile luluntu jikelele.

Ekhaya, eRussia

I-Russian Federation uye ngokwembali bobabo kwamazwe bamatasa kwiinkqubo yemfuduko. Abanye abemi Russian kokuya ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukeneyo, abanye musa ukubuya ngaphantsi esebenzayo. Lo mkhwa akanakuhlala ngaphandle ingqalelo abasemagunyeni, ukuba iwise umthetho "Xa kuhlelwa ukuba eRashiya." Ukungqinelana kwisenzo ilungelo lokuba abuyele eRashiya yaye ubumi Russian abazalelwe kweli lizwe, Ukraine, Belarusians kunye nezinye izizwe besive zomthonyama.

Abantu abafika eRashiya, afumana inkxaso-mali kunye nezinye iintlobo ngoncedo oluvela kurhulumente. Uncedo kubonelelwa nje ngaphandle kwentlawulo, ngokunjalo uhlobo mboleko. Ukusebenza kunye nabantu abuyele kwilizwe lawo, ukuba kwinqanaba lorhulumente federal. Ngenxa yoko, kuhlelwa ukuba Russia - an element-nkqubo karhulumente.

Kutheni BaseRashiya walishiya ilizwe?

Amazwe abafuna ukubuyela naseRussia njengohlobo kwilizwe lawo yembali, njengoko umthetho, abangamalungu elinye lamaqela amane aseBrithani. Eyokuqala fanele ukuya baseRashiya, owashiya lizwe emva kokuba revolution 1917, le yesibini - abasuka ezweni lakhe ekupheleni kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II, eyesithathu - abemi abaye babonisa umnqweno zibuyele yokuhlala isigxina phesheya phakathi kwenkulungwane yama-20 (ubukhulu becala kwi 70s iminyaka). Okokugqibela, omkhulu otshangatshangiswayo yokushiywa liyigubungele Russia emva kokuwa eSoviet.

Abanye ababhali-mbali bakholelwa ukuba ngamnye kwithuba ekhethiweyo lokunduluka abaninzi abemi amazwe kwabangela ukuba kakhulu ngokuthanda lobuqu abantu iinyaniso ubomi kwezentlalo nezopolitiko kunye nemeko yoqoqosho. Ezinye iingcali zithi: kakuhle kakhulu ukuba abantu inkqubo kuhlelwa wazalelwa eRashiya, kukho kwinqanaba lomthetho federal - ukuba urhulumente ibonisa ukuzimisela kwalo ukuvumela baseRashiya bengashiyanga ixesha bazive ngathi abemi ngokupheleleyo-enobugcisa.

Business phesheya: i ubuqili iintlawulo eziziinkozo

Repatriation of capital ezinxulumene ngqo nabahlali Russian Federation, ezi zikhokelela urhwebo amazwe. Ngokubhekiselele baye ngumthetho ukuzinikela: ukubonelela ukufunyanwa lwamaqumrhu angaphandle (non-abahlali) kwemali yeemveliso kunye neenkonzo akhawunti kwimigangatho abagunyazisiweyo. Kwakhona imali Russian abahlali kufuneka ibuyiselwe, ukuba iqabane langaphandle ifumene intlawulo, kodwa ungafaki iimpahla zabo Russian Federation okanye iinkonzo. Phantsi ngaphandle (xa ukwenza nayiphi na imali eRashiya, oko kukuthi, ukuba enze kuhlelwa, akukho mfuneko) kuwa iimeko apho zangaphakathi kunye namaqabane angaphandle esusela kwintsebenzo kweentlobo ezithile ngetyala (debt) izibophelelo.

Taxation of capital ababuyiselwe

Kwamanye amazwe, kukho into enje njenge yerhafu kwilizwe bengeniso non-abahlali. Yena wabekwa ngqo umthombo ngenxa Ukuveliswa kanye imali aphesheya. Le rhafu ihlawulwa bezifundo abaya zokugqithisela non-abahlali okanye uhlobo ingeniso: umdla, nemali eyintlawulo yokushicilela kunye nezabelo. Njengomgaqo, olu hlobo yomrhumo usebenza kuphela ingeniso kwisixando sokwenziwa.

Ezinye ethile ukubonelela kokuba kutsalwe irhafu ekhethekileyo xa kuthe ukuhlawula iifizi kuhlelwa. Umzekelo, ukuba ngummi ukwenza ishishini phandle, wahlawula ezi irhafu namali amazwe, bekuya kuba nelungelo imbuyekezo ngethuba ukubala kwiintlawulo ebuncwaneni karhulumente yakhe (okanye ukwehla kule izibalo estimated).

Izinga Ingeniso yerhafu khomiwa

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba akukho nemigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe jikelele elawula inkqubo kwintlawulo yerhafu yengeniso kwilizwe (okanye imisele ubukhulu balo) akavumelekile okwangoku. Ngaphezu koko, ngaphakathi kwilizwe ngalinye inokuba inkqubo entsonkothileyo kakhulu ukubala neentlawulo zengcebo emhlabeni. E Ukraine, umzekelo, isixa-mali kuxhomekeke wolawulo apho kufike mali. Nithi, kuba eSipro le isalathisi ngu zero. Kwelinye icala, ukuba ezinye EU irhafu khomiwa isenokuba-10% okanye ngaphezulu. A lot luxhomekeke kwipesenti bobunini kwizabelo ze igatha lwakwa-, Ibhaliswe ku Ukraine, ukusuka imiqathango zotyalo-mali.