Umbhali French Alber Kamyu: A Biography, ubuchule

Man - a ukuba ezingazinzanga. Yena abe nemvo uloyiko, yokuphelelwa lithemba. Ubuncinane, le mbono wabonakaliswa abaxhasi ebomini. Sondela imfundiso yentanda yaba Alber Kamyu. Biography kanye nomsebenzi umbhali French - umxholo weli nqaku.

ebuntwaneni

Camus wazalwa ngo-1913. uyise oyinzalelwane Alsace, kunye nomama wakhe - indoda yaseSpain. iinkumbulo ezibuhlungu kakhulu yobuntwana yaba Alber Kamyu. Ngobomi yale umbhali ngokusondeleyo ehlobene nobomi bakhe. Noko ke, kuba imbongi yonke okanye iprowuzi umbhali iphefumlelwe amava abo. Kodwa ukuze ukuqonda unobangela mood ndidandathekile bulawula iincwadi umbhali, nto leyo eza kuxutyushwa kweli nqaku, kufanele kancinci malunga iziganeko zobuntwana yakhe esakhula uyazi.

uyise Camus yaba nanye indoda esisityebi. Yena wayenza nzima emzimbeni enzima kwinkampani lewayini. intsapho yakhe yayisecicini wentlekele. Kodwa xa leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi kufuphi Marne umlambo kwabakho idabi ebalulekileyo, ubomi nenkosikazi yakhe kunye nabantwana Camus uSister waba udakumbile kwaphela. Isibakala sokuba oku sisiganeko ezimbalini, nangona jize ngokoyiswa njengotshaba imikhosi yaseJamani, yayikukuba bayahlelwa umbhali imiphumo ebuhlungu elizayo. Ngexesha Battle of the Marne uyise wafa Camus.

Ekhohlo ngaphandle umondli, le ntsapho yayisecicini ubuhlwempu. Eli xesha kuboniswa imisebenzi yakhe yokuqala Alber Kamyu. Incwadi "Umtshato" kunye "Side Engeyiyo kunye ubuso" zanikelwa ukuba ebuntwaneni wachitha ubuhlwempu. Ukongeza, ebudeni bale minyaka le Camus oselula enesifo sephepha. iimeko olungaphezu nokugula akukho babanjwa kamva quest umbhali elizayo, ufune kuYehova ulwazi. Emva kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo, wabhalisa kwiYunivesithi kwi-Faculty of Philosophy.

ulutsha

Xa izifundo zakhe University of Algiers kube nefuthe elikhulu kwindawo ezizinzululwazi Camus. Ngeli xesha ke wenza abahlobo kunye odumileyo ngexesha umbhali Zhanom Grene. Oku ingqokelela wokuqala amabali amafutshane wadalwa umfundi ofumene igama "Islands". Kuba ngoxa kukho ilungu Communist Party Alber Kamyu. engobomi bakhe ethi, nangona kunjalo, oluxhomekeke kunye namagama ezifana Shestov, Kierkegaard kunye Heidegger. Baya kuba ngabantu abacinga ababenembono kukhuthazwe kumiselwe umxholo ezisisiseko bobuchule Camus.

Umntu esebenzayo kakhulu yaba Alber Kamyu. ngobomi bakhe igcwele. Njengomfundi, yena inxaxheba kwezemidlalo. Koko, emva kokuphumelela, wasebenza intatheli wayihamba. Philosophy Albera Kamyu kwasekwa kuphela phantsi kwempembelelo iinkcuba yelo xesha. Kangangexesha elithile wayenomdla imisebenzi Fedora Dostoevskogo. Ngokutsho kwezinye iingxelo, nokuba wadlala theatre engahlawulwayo, apho kwafuneka badlale indima Ivan Karamazov. Ngethuba lokufakwa ka Paris, ekuqaleni leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi, Camus waye kwikomkhulu French. Yena akazange asiwe ngaphambili ngenxa yokugula kakhulu. Kodwa kule xesha linzima imisebenzi kakuhle esebenzayo yasekuhlaleni kunye nobuchule kwakhokelela Alber Kamyu.

"Sichotho"

Ngowe-1941, umbhali wanika izifundo zabucala, wathabatha inxaxheba kwimisebenzi omnye wemibutho izindawo komhlaba. Ekuqaleni kwemfazwe umsebenzi wakhe edume Alber Kamyu wabhala. "Plague" - inoveli, eyapapashwa ngo-1947. Kulo umbhali ubonakala iziganeko e Paris, ekuhlala kuzo amajoni aseJamani, ekwimo entsonkothileyo lokomfuziselo. Kuba inoveli Albera Kamyu wawongwa Prize Nobel. Amagama - "Kuba indima ebalulekileyo lwemisebenzi yoncwadi ejongene abantu iingxaki zethu ixesha kunye esinengqiqo kakhulu."

Umxholo kwinoveli

Isibetho iqala ngesiquphe. Abahlali bashiye amakhaya abo. Kodwa asingabo bonke. Yokuba abemi abakholelwa ukuba bhubhane - namnye ngaphandle imoto ukusuka ngentla. Kwaye musa ukubaleka. Le ncwadi igcwele ukuthobeka. Enye amaqhawe - umfundisi - i mxhasi wangumququzeleli lo mbono. Kodwa ke ukufa inkwenkwana elimsulwa kwenza ukuba iphinde yesiqalo sayo umbono.

Abantu bezama ukubaleka. Kwaye ke isibetho ngesiquphe besishiya. Kodwa emva kweentsuku zinkulu emva kwakhe, uTshawe akabalahli ingcamango yokuba isibetho ukuze abuye. Ubhubhane kwinoveli ufuzisela Fascism, wazithwala emfazweni, izigidi zabantu e Western kunye naseMpuma Europe.

Ukuze uqonde ukuba yintoni na le nto ifundiswayo bulumko ukuba umbhali kufuneka ufunde omnye Iinoveli. Ukuze uve mood ezazikho kwiminyaka yokuqala imfazwe phakathi kwabantu okucinga, kukuba baqhelane inoveli "Le Ntlungu", nto leyo ngowe-1941 wabhala Alber Kamyu. Iikowuteshini kulo msebenzi - amazwi sobulumko ebalaseleyo kwinkulungwane XX. Omnye wabo - "Xa phakathi iintlekele ufumana ukuze inyaniso - oko kukuthi, ukuba cwaka."

umbono jikelele

Xa intliziyo French iimviwo umbhali nobuchule le engenangqondo kobukho bomntu. Indlela kuphela ukuze zilwe, ngokutsho Camus, bayayihlonipha wayo. Lwalo otshatsheleyo engenangqondo - lilinge ukuphucula intlalo udlame - ezizezi nobuNazi kunye kwiStalinism. Xa imisebenzi Camus asondeze inkolelo silahle ukuba ububi ayikwazi ukweyiswa ngokupheleleyo. Ubudlova bubangela ubudlova. A imvukelo nxamnye naye waza wenza nto elungileyo leswikulu. Oko kukuthi indawo umbhali unokubenza obungqingqwa ngexesha ufunda inoveli "Le Ntlungu."

"Le Ulikheswa"

Ekuqaleni kwemfazwe eninzi zezincoko kunye namabali amafutshane ebhaliweyo Alber Kamyu. Ngokufutshane kufuneka athi ngebali "Le Ulikheswa". Lo msebenzi kakhulu nzima ukuba baqonde. Kodwa ke imbono yombhali malunga engenangqondo kobukho bomntu.

Ibali "Le Ulikheswa" luhlobo Manifesto, elavakaliswa kwimisebenzi yakhe yokuqala Alber Kamyu. Iikowuteshini kulo msebenzi ikho into enokuthethwa. Le ncwadi idlala indima omnye eyodwa uTshawe, nto leyo monstrously akakhethi yonk 'into eyenzekayo emhlabeni. "Isigwebo ngokokuziphatha onyanzelekileyo ukuba bathathe inxaxheba ekwenziweni" - eli binzana mhlawumbi kubalulekile.

hero of the bali - enye indoda bazive bephantsi. osemqoka yalo esentloko kukuba ukungakhathali. Yena akanandaba yonke: ekufeni kamama, ukuba yamashwa zabanye ekuweni kwakhe yokuziphatha. Kwaye nje ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe oshiya ukungakhathali zophendlo lwezifo kwihlabathi elibangqongileyo. Ke kaloku kwehla ngaloo mzuzu uyaqonda ukuba andinako ukuzisindisa ngabandayo ehlabathini. Wagwetywa intambo ngenxa yokubulala. Kwaye konke oko afuna ngayo kuloo maxesha zokugqibela zobomi - oko akuthethi ukubona emajukujukwini emehlweni abantu abaya kuyigcina ukufa kwakhe.

"The Fall"

Eli bali yapapashwa kwiminyaka emithathu phambi kokufa kwakhe. Imisebenzi ngu Albera Kamyu, ukuba ndityale ngayo, jonga uhlobo bulumko. "Ukuwa" - akukho ngaphandle. Kweli bali, umbhali uyila umfanekiso ngendoda luphawu yokuluka yoluntu mihla yaseYurophu. Igama Character ngu Jean-Baptiste, nto leyo yaguqulelwa isuka isiFrentshi - Ioann Krestitel. Noko ke, Camus onesimilo kangako kunye neBhayibhile.

In "Ukuwa," umbhali usebenzisa uphawu ubuchule le Impressionists. Le ngxelo iluhlobo loqukuqelo sezingqondweni. Iintetho hero malunga neqabane ubomi bakhe. Noko ke, yena isixelela izono ukuba azenzileyo, ngaphandle, azafunyanelwa ndawo ukuzisola. Jean-Baptiste ubungcwele ukuzingca kunye nokunqaba yoxolo domestic kwengqondo baseYurophu, ababephila yombhali. Ngokutsho Camus, ukuba awunamdla nantoni na ngaphandle ekuzuzeni yenkolelo yakhe. Umbalisi amane buyisela iibhayografi zabo, ukuvakalisa iimbono zabo kulo okanye loo mbuzo bulumko. Njengoko kwezinye imisebenzi yobugcisa Albera Kamyu, embindini webali sebali "Ukuwa" - umntu yokugcina yengqondo engaqhelekanga, nto leyo evumela umbhali ukutyhila kuzihlaziya iingxaki ingaphelelwayo zobomi.

emva kwemfazwe,

Kule novalo emva kwexesha, Camus waba ngumbhali wezifanekiso. imisebenzi Social na umbutho wezopolitiko wake wayeka. Ngeli xesha ke wavelisa imisebenzi eziliqela olukhulu. Eyona idumileyo - "Amalungisa", "isimo zokungqinga".

ubuntu enemvukelo zesiFundo kwiincwadi lwekhulu XX belingqongqo kakhulu. Linye umntu kunye nokuba mathidala ukuba siphile ngokuvisisana nemithetho zoluntu - ingxaki leyo eye yaphikiswa ababhali abaninzi gqira kunye ngeminyaka zenkulungwane lokugqibela. Enye wabaseki intshukumo boncwadi yaba Alber Kamyu. iincwadi zakhe, nâzo encwadini ngamahlanu yokuqala, igcwele ingqiqo nokungavisisani kunye ingqondo lithemba. "Imvukelo womntu" - umsebenzi unikezelwa ekufundeni umbhali yabantu logwayimbo engenangqondo yobukho.

Ukuba umfundi Camus ngokubonakalayo abanomdla ingcamango yali, ngoko umntu omdala, waba ngowelinye iqela ngokugqibeleleyo ekhohlo. Kumanqaku akhe ngokuphindaphindiweyo iye yaphakamisa isihloko ubundlobongela kunye authoritarianism samandla eSoviet.

ukufa

Ngowe-1960, umbhali zafa kabuhlungu. Ubomi bakhe wachacha ngendlela ukusuka ePovence ukuya eParis. Ngenxa kwingozi yemoto Camus wabulawa ngoko nangoko. Inguqulelo 2011 laphehlelelwa, njengoko ukufa zombhali ayikho ingozi. Le ngozi kwathiwa ubudlelane obabuyilwe ngenkohliso ngabasebenzi yeenkonzo zokhuseleko eSoviet. Noko ke, le nguqulelo kamva ukulahlwa Michel Onfray - umbhali ngobomi zombhali.