Ngemithi njengokuba kukho kwi ezigcinwa kuyo? ngemithi abafileyo

Kule minyaka ili-10 idluleyo, abantu baye baba kunokwenzeka ukuba zifune uncedo iingcali kwabo yabaqholiweyo nezalamane zabo. Akumangalisi oku, ngenxa yokuba le nkqubo inceda ukulondoloza eqhelekileyo ibala, kwaye ayiniki nevumba elibi. Ngenxa yoko, kweli nqaku siza kuqwalaselwa ngokweenkcukacha isiganeko ekuthiwa isidumbu, indlela inkqubo ulondolozo umzimba, yaye ziziphi iindlela yolondolozo ukho kwaphela. Kwaye kodwa siyazi indlela economized inkokeli umfi lo sabasebenzi - Lenin - ngo-1924.

intsingiselo

Ngemithi - inkqubo ezithile ezijolise ekulondolozeni ixesha elithile ezivulekileyo kwabafileyo. unyango olukhethekeliyo inyama ungasekhoyo abangaphangeliyo ukuthotywa kwabo. Ngenxa le xaka nkqubo ezigcina umzimba sisekhona elide ixesha.

indlela

Ukuze siqonde indlela isidumbu, kufuneka kuqala ufumanise ukuba zeziphi na iindlela ukwenza le nkqubo. Namhlanje siyazi 4 iinketho:

1. reception Cavernous.
2. Injecting ngemithi.
3. Umphezulu reception.
4. Emithanjeni okanye ukugcinwa nemithambo.

abafumana komgodi

Kulo mzekelo, aphathe amalungu angaphakathi isidumbu, kuba iqala yokubola zazo ngokukhawuleza emzimbeni. Kukho iindlela zokwenza ezimbini: okuhlatywa kunye nendlela kunqunyulwa. Kwimeko yokuqala ukuhlatywa lwenziwa kwi esiswini, ngokunjalo ngasinye kwisisu pleural. Yingcali yenza isitofu uze uyitha isisombululo kubola emngxunyeni. volume oqhelekileyo ulwelo uvela neelitha 1.5 ukuya 2.5.

Ngoku ibikukujonga nje ngokufutshane indlela isidumbu umzimba liqatywe ndlela: wenziwe kwinotshi encinane esi sicatshulwa eludongeni esiswini ngqo kwi ndawo ibinomthwebeba. Le ndlela iyasetyenziswa xa ufuna uthutho ixesha elide lalowo ungasekhoyo, kwaye ukubola sele iqalile, okanye ukuba amafutha emzimbeni.

ulondolozo ziphene

Le ndlela lwenziwa rhoqo kunye okuhlatywa. Oko kukuthi, kukho nokungena (ukumitha) izicwili elithambileyo ebusweni, entanyeni izandla isisombululo ekhethekileyo kubola. Lisebenzisa imali encinci ulwelo, kwakunye ingcaphephe ngexesha nkqubo yenza yokuthanjiswa ukukhanya, ayimfuneko ukubola ngokulinganayo ezisasaziweyo.

surface ngemithi

Kwenziwa kwimeko apho isidumbu ecacileyo umonakalo ebonakalayo okanye isilonda esikhumbeni. Ngoko umzimba unesandla kunye ethile ekhethekileyo ulwelo, ngokunjalo tanatogel.

Emithanjeni okanye ukugcinwa nemithambo

Njani ngemithi kule meko? A nesisombululo sisincoko ethile elawulwa nge kwinkqubo igazi yodidi oluphezulu. Le ndlela ivumela ukulondoloza umzimba umfi ngexesha elide kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, le ndlela isetyenziswa kunqabile kakhulu, kwaye oko akuyi kuba nako ukwenza sezifo nganye, ngokuba le ndlela kunokuba nzima.

ngemithi Intravascular: amanqanaba

Le ndlela lwemizimba kugcinwe ethandwa kakhulu neyaziwa ngendlela ilandelayo:

1. Inaliti semithambo luyenziwa.
2. komgodi ucocwe.
3. Sifaka isisombululo ibe inyama ithambile.

izisombululo Basic esetyenziselwa imali zomzimba

umntu ngemithi isithombe kunokubonwa kweli nqaku, lwenziwa ngoncedo ulwelo ezizodwa iyakwazi ukuhluleka zibe ziindidi ezi-4:

1. Predinektsionnaya - kunceda ukukhulula olujikeleza igazi nokubuyisela umbala ulusu.
2. Predbalzamirovochnaya - engamanzi, nto leyo intermediate phakathi iindidi wokuqala nowesithathu. Le isisombululo iqulathe ukuya kwi-5% formalin.
3. Emithanjeni ngemithi zizizwe - iquka ukuya kwi-15% formalin, carbolic acid - ukuya kutsho kuma-20%, glutaraldehyde, ethyl utywala - 10% glycerin - 5% acetic acid - 0.5%, kwakunye arhente umbala, umzekelo, eosin kunye enuka kamnandi into - ukuya kwi-0.5%.
4. Band ngemithi isisombululo - iqulathe ilungu isiseko kangangoko-30%, ngamanye amaxesha ngaphezulu. Oku kulwelo oku kwahlukile emithanjeni. Kwakhona kwi isisombululo ingontsi iqulethe izithako izithambiso.

Ukulungiselela umzimba ukuba le nkqubo

Ngoku sifumanisa ngokweenkcukacha indlela yabaqholiweyo lalowo ungasekhoyo, kodwa ekuqaleni kukho umbutho yokuqala inkqubo, leyo imi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

1. Ngaphambi kokuba isiganeko ufileyo undress ngokupheleleyo kwaye ufake kwi kwitafile ekhethekileyo. Yibeke ukuze intloko ungaphezu amalungu ukuphumla.
2. processing umzimba eyenziwa zintsholongwane. Ngokuba lo ingcali kusebenzisa iimali ulwelo, ulwelo. Zonke orifices zendalo oswelekileyo uzero, kwaye ke ukuchaza swab yomqhaphu zifakwe zintsholongwane.
3. Ingcali ohlamba ngokupheleleyo umzimba ngamanzi ashushu nesepha kunye bactericidal, kulandele omiswe yayo epheleleyo.
4. Hair Treatment. Bangakwazi mazihlanjwe mhlawumbi ekuqaleni okanye ekupheleni laloo nto. iinwele Okwenziwe ngamanzi ashushu kunye nesepha okanye ishampu.
5. utsheva umzimba. Ukususwa kweenwele phezu kobuso senziwe kwicala lokukhula kwabo.

Basics zokupheka

Abantu abaninzi bayazi ukuba gama libhekisela isidumbu. Njengokuba le nkqubo lwenzeka kwi ezigcinwa kuyo, kuba ezininzi iintsalela ingaziwa. Ngoku, ke, siya kutyhila isisitheliso imfihlelo kwaye zama ukuchaza ngokufutshane yonke inkqubo siganeko. Ngoko ke, emva kokuba iinkqubo zokuzilungiselela zobungcali yaqhubeka iingongoma eziphambili:

1. Embalmer ngokuyimfuneko uyawavala amehlo indoda efileyo. Ukwenza oko ngononophelo obukhulu. Ngonaphakade, sinotyekelo SAG yesifundo kwaye enze umngxuma, sichaza isiqwenga cotton wool, maxa wambi le ingcali njongo isebenzisa ikepusi yeplastiki. Abanye abantu bacinga ukuba iinkophe abafileyo athungwe, kodwa akunjalo. Yingcali glue nje.
2. umsebenzi ezigcinwa avale umlomo wayo ukuze babebonakala lemvelo. Kwaye nje ukuba inkosi nga siwa okanye sebenzisa injector okhethekileyo.
3. Moisturize. Ingcaphephe smears isithambiso kancinane kwi iinkophe kunye nemilebe - ngoko uya kubakhusela kukoma aze anike bayancokola.

imithambo processing

Abagqibe ukulungiselela ezisisiseko sisiganeko esahlukileyo-laloo nto. na unyango kwemithambo womfi njani? Oku kuza kuxoxwa ngezantsi.

1. zeengcali ikhetha liqatywe. Emva koko, le ngcali ingena isisombululo isidumbu, ampontshwa igazi emithanjeni okanye omelene intliziyo. Ukusetyenziswa avareji kweelitha-8. Lo mxube yayisetyenziswa njengendawo nesisombululo formaldehyde, amanzi kunye namanye amachiza.

2. embalmer lisebenza liqatywe: Amadoda - kufuphi kwentamo kunye clavicle nezihlunu; abafazi - ethangeni. zeengcali Pre ucoca indawo apho Vienna, lihlaba yaye ufaka ityhubhu. Ukuze ukuvala i ingcali Umthambo usebenzisa forceps kunye kwesibambi ime ithombo legazi layo.

3. Ii-apparatus iqulathe oyingcaphephe yabaqholiweyo kwaye engena engamanzi. Ngethuba lale nkqubo, umsebenzi ezigcinwa umphululela uphumo igazi lomzimba, kunye nokuqaliswa kwenkqubo ye-. Xa ulwelo lufika imithambo, xi uhamba nge imithambo, eza kuthetha njengendlela intshukumo yomzimba. Izaziso abaziingcali mithambo khaxa. Ngamaxesha athile, ingcali unika ukuhamba kwegazi ukuba ukuphuma nge ithumbu entanyeni.

4. Umsebenzi uSbusiso kufuneka ukunciphisa uxinzelelo kancinci. Xa malunga-20% kuphela kulwelo, ihamba i cannula kwenye umthambo. Oku kwenziwa ukuze esingamanzi ufakele zonke ngemithambo. Njani abantu yabaqholiweyo kwi ezigcinwa kuyo, ukuba liqatywe senziwa ethangeni? Emva koko, le nkqubo kuxhomekeke ho ekunene.

5. Xa isiganeko lufikelele esiphelweni, ingcali ejika unit off, osusa cannula umbophi yonke imithambo yegazi, leyo isetyenzisiwe. Kwi ukucuthwa kwakhe yaseZimbabwe.

ngemithi imizimba

1. Ngoku, ingcali xa imithambo zalungiselelwa uqala ukucoca esifubeni, isinyi, ikholoni, kunye nabanye. Ukulungiselela le njongo, ungumsebenzi usebenzisa a trocar.
2. I ingcali evela esifubeni yadika ulwelo. Ngenxa yoko, yena ifaka trocar-5 cm ukuya ekunene kwaye kumgama elifanayo ngentla inkaba. Ingcali esusa amalungu ezibuhlazarha: isisu, emathunjini amancinci nepancreas.
3. Njengokuba kwenzeka ngemithi ngakumbi ebantwini? umsebenzi ezigcinwa kuyo ngakumbi iyawasusa lweHo- esezantsi, owanyayo yaye etsala imixholo ikholoni, lwesinyi wesibeleko kwabasetyhini. Ngoko ke ayilwamkeli ulwelo, ngamanye amaxesha ingquza kunye lobufazi ifakiwe uboya.
4. Ke umsebenzi ezigcinwa ongena kweziyobisi cavernous. Kulo mzekelo, ulwelo uqobo akhiwa-30% formaldehyde. Kunjalo kufuneka enze yasentla, izidumbu asezantsi.
5. Inqanaba lokugqibela le - ingcali olawula trocar kunye itywina Plastic Screw umngxuma.

Ukumiselwa umzimba kwi ibhokisi

Emva kokufunda ulwazi malunga nokulungiselela umzimba ukungcwatywa abantu ukwazi asiyo mbuzo: "Kwenzeka njani yabaqholiweyo kwi ezigcinwa kuyo," Ngapha koko, oko kuchazwe ngasentla. Lifikile ixesha lokuba bafunde iziganeko yokugqibela. Ngoko ke, ukulungiswa yokugqibela umzimba izinto yokungcwaba:

1. Emva kokwenza yonke imisebenzi yabasebenzi ezigcinwa ohlamba kude umzimba negazi kwabafileyo neekhemikhali.
2. Ingcaphephe inqumle iinzipho zakho wabhubha, prichosyvaet iinwele zakhe, sebenzisa ukwakhiwa ukunika ubuso a look yemvelo.
3. Umsebenzi unxiba impahla yalo mntu uswelekileyo.
4. Sichaza umzimba kule bhokisi.

Njengoko ngemithi yinkokeli sabasebenzi hlabathi?

ULenin wafa kwiminyaka 91 eyadlulayo, kodwa umzimba wakhe ugcinwe ngenyameko lonke eli xesha kwi yamangcwaba. yaba yeyona idumileyo kwihlabathi yabaqholiweyo njani? Ekuqaleni, oogqirha bafuna ukusebenzisa indlela yovalo. Nangona kunjalo, indlela enjalo wokulondoloza umzimba wayengekho kuba, njengoko waqalisa ukubola ngokukhawuleza. Ke oosonzululwazi V. Vorobiev kunye B. Zbarskiy bavela nobuchwepheshe yayo.

Ekuqaleni, iingcali isusiwe emzimbeni uLenin yonke imixholo esifubeni kunye nesisu, wazisusa ukakayi yobuchopho. Emva koko ke wazalisa isisombululo formaldehyde umzimba uphela. Kwaye kwesi sigaba baba nobunzima ilele technology. Ngokuqhelekileyo amqhole ngokuthi injecting ulwelo nge imithambo yegazi, kodwa kulo mzekelo bona baye bakwazi ukwenza lo msebenzi. Ngoko ke, iingcali kwafuneka 3 iinketho: ukuchonga umzimba kwigumbi lokuhlambela kunye formalin; isisombululo ukuba zifakwa okanye isicelo ngokwemixholo. Kwaye bakhetha ukhetho lokuqala. Iqumrhu shi emanzini irabha ezele sisombululo formalin-3%. Kunye nale msebenzi yenziwa ukuze kupheliswe imizila yokubola sele yenzekile. Oogqirha olumbhatshileyo amatshatshazi izandla, ubuso encediswa peroxide, kodwa isiphumo waba okwethutyana. Ngoko ke, kwakufuneka ukufumana enye indlela, yaye beza kunye nayo. Bona ngayo umzimba kuqala nge-acetic acid, uze ukudibanisa iperoksayidi yehidrojeni ne ammonia.

yaba Abanye ixesha ufele isisombululo formalin, waza ke wasiwa "ulwelo balsamic" nto leyo isiseko glycerol (65%) potassium acetate, kunye chloride umkhwinini.

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, kabini ngeveki, iqela oososayensi ukwenza zoviwo umzimba, kwaye qho ngonyaka kunye ingxenye bacande kulo, indawo umxube yabaqholiweyo. Hi ndlela leyi, namhlanje unako nokuba ukufumana ividiyo indlela yabaqholiweyo. ULenin bayitshekishe ngocoselelo, indawo ulwelo apho emi kuyo, isinxibo. Kodwa mbono kungekhona amandla kwentliziyo, ngoko kubalulekile ingqalelo xa ukubukela iividiyo.

Ke kaloku, ukuba uyazi ukuba yintoni na yabaqholiweyo njengoko le nkqubo ithatha indawo ezigcinwa kuyo: njengoko iingcali ukulungiselela umzimba ukwenza umthambo ezingundoqo uyigcwalise. Siyaqonda ukuba kukho iindlela eziliqela yolondolozo umzimba womfi, kwakunye bafunde ukulungiselela ukulondolozwa ixesha elide Lenin.