Ubomi kunye nomsebenzi Lyudviga Van nguBeethoven. uBeethoven

Ludwig van uBeethoven wazalwa ngexesha neenguqu ezininzi, eyona ibaluleke ngakumbi kuzo yaba French Revolution. Kungenxa yoko le nto isihloko lomzabalazo abacimi yaba enkulu kumqambi. Umlo eziqulethwe republic, umnqweno utshintsho, ikamva elingcono - ezi zimvo wayehlala nguBeethoven.

Esakhula

Wazalwa Ludwig van uBeethoven ngo-1770 e Bonn (Austria), apho wachitha ebuntwaneni bakhe. Imfundo umqambi elizayo ekuhlalwa ngenxenye indawo ootitshala, abahlobo uyise bamfundisa ukudlala izixhobo zomculo ezahlukeneyo.

Eqonda ukuba unyana wakhe italente somculo, uyise, efuna ukubona kwi onjengokaMozart nguBeethoven yesibini, waqala ukunyanzela le nkwenkwe ixesha elide ekunzima ukujamelana nawo. Kodwa amathemba namthanyana, Ludwig akukhange zingqineke mihla umntwana, kodwa wafumana ubuchule elungileyo compositional. Kwaye ngenxa yalo msebenzi wakhe wokuqala yapapashwa kwiminyaka 12: "nguqu Piano kwi Marsha Dresslera."

UBeethoven eneminyaka engama-11 waqalisa ukusebenza iokhestra yeqonga, hayi ophela esikolweni. De kube sekupheleni kobomi bakhe wabhala ngeempazamo. Noko ke, umqambi ufunde lukhulu kwaye enyama bafunda isiFrentshi, Italian kunye nesiLatini.

Ithuba yokuqala ubomi bukaBeethoven kaThixo akubanga elinemveliso kakhulu iminyaka elishumi (1782-1792) yabhalwa imisebenzi malunga amahlanu kuphela.

period Viennese

Eqonda ukuba kuyimfuneko ukuba eninzi ukufunda, uBeethoven wafudukela eVienna. Apha uyaya izifundo kumafa kwaye isebenza nomdlali. Yena axhasa abathandi ezininzi umculo, Noko ke, umqambi uyazigcina kubo bayala phandle kwaye ngebhongo, kabukhali ukusabela nezikhalazo.

imisebenzi uBeethoven ngayo eli xesha luphawulwa isikali zabo, kukho symphony ezimbini, "uKrestu phezu kweNtaba yemiNquma" - edume kunye isithethi kuphela. Kodwa kwangaxeshanye, uzenza nesifo eyaziwa - yokungeva ngeendlebe. UBeethoven liyayiqonda into yokuba asikuko nokuba inkqubela ngokukhawuleza. Of lithemba kutshatyalaliswa umqambi delves kungena zokudala.

period Central

Eli xesha malunga kwiminyaka 1802-1012 kwaye luphawulwa esimi kakuhle italente uBeethoven kaThixo. Ukuba wahlula ukubandezeleka okubangelwa sesi sifo, wabona ukufana lomzabalazo lwabo kumzabalazo nabavukeli e-France. imisebenzi uBeethoven bakaThixo banalo ulwazi bokuxhathisa kwaye naselunyamezelweni nomoya. ngokukodwa ke kubonakaliswa ngokucacileyo "Nakwezinye Symphony" (Symphony № 3), opera "Fidelio", "Appassionata" (Sonata № 23).

Inguquko

Eli xesha kuqhuba ukususela 1812 ukuya 1815. Ngeli xesha eYurophu kukho utshintsho ezinkulu emva kokuphela wokulawula kukaNapoleon ukuya Congress of eVienna. ukuziphatha kwakhe lomeleza utyekelo mva monarchical.

Emva kweenguqu zezopolitiko kunye nokutshintsha imeko nenkcubeko. Literature nomculo ukusuka classicism eqhelekileyo yobugorha bukaBeethoven. Romanticism uqala ukufaka indawo akhululwe. Umqambi avume le tshintsho, ukudala njengephupha Symphonic "Idabi Vattorii" cantata "mathuba sonwabe". Zombini ezi zidalwa nempumelelo enkulu kunye noluntu.

Noko ke, asingabo bonke imisebenzi bukaBeethoven zeli xesha zezi zilandelayo. Yokunika imbeko ngendlela entsha, umqambi iqala ukuba kunjani, ukuba afune iindlela ezintsha kunye nobuchule zomculo. Uninzi lwezi zinto kuye kwaqatshelwa buchopho.

umsebenzi kamva

Iminyaka yokugqibela yobomi uBeethoven bakhe babeba ukuhla kwezopolitiko Austria kunye nezifo phambili umqambi - ukungeva yaba epheleleyo. Ndingenabo obam usapho, elintyumpantyumpeka cwaka, uBeethoven wathabatha imfundo umtshana wakhe, kodwa yazisa ukuphoxeka.

UBeethoven kamva ixesha zahluke kakhulu nantoni na wabhala ngaphambili. Romanticism oxhaphakileyo, yaye ingcamango lomzabalazo kunye ngxabano ukukhanya nobumnyama babe bulumko.

Ngowe-1823, kubonakala ukukhanya kwendalo mkhulu (njengoko ingqalelo ngokwakhe) uBeethoven - "Missa Solemnis", wenza yokuqala eSt Petersburg.

UBeethoven: "Akubar Elise"

Lo msebenzi uye waba edume indalo uBeethoven kaThixo. Nangona kunjalo, ngexesha ubomi umqambi Bagatelle inombolo 40 (igama formal) ayizange ngokubanzi kwaziwa. I-ngqangi ivunjululwe kuphela emva kokufa umqambi ngayo. Ngowe-1865, ziphuma Ludwig Zero nguBeethoven uphando. Wawathabatha ezandleni wentokazi ethile owathi ukuba isipho. Nangona bagatelles ukubhala ayikwazanga kuqiniseka, njengoko yomhla we-Aprili 27 ngaphandle ecacisa nyaka. Ngowe-1867 wapapasha umsebenzi, kodwa yokuqala, ngelishwa, iye yalahleka.

Ngubani na Elise, nto leyo uzinikele omncinane ipiyano, akwaziwa. Kukho icebiso abeke phambili ngu Max Unger (1923), umsebenzi ngokuba ekuqaleni "Ku Teresa" kunye Zero nje embi zezikhali wesandla nguBeethoven kaThixo. Ukuba samkela olu guqulelo lwe inyaniso, ngoko ke umdlalo lunikezelwa umfundi umqambi kaThixo - Thérèse Malfatti. UBeethoven wayethandana naye baze ecetywayo kuye, kodwa wala.

Phezu kwazo nje imisebenzi ezininzi ezintle yaye emangalisayo zabhalelwa ipiyano, uBeethoven kubantu abaninzi kuhlangene inxulumene nale umdlalo twisisaka nezinomtsalane.