Protein biosynthesis - njengoko kwenzeka?

Protein biosynthesis kwenzeka kuzo zonke amalungu, ancedisana iiseli. Le mali inkulu protein kuhlelwe esibindini. Ribosomes athwale protein biosynthesis. Awo, ribosomes - nucleoproteins ubunjwe RNA (50-65%) kunye neprothini (35-50%). Ribonucleic acid amacandelo of granular reticulum endoplasmic, apho intshukumo lwenzeka biosynthesis kunye iimolekyuli iiproteins kuhlelwe.

Ribosomes zifumaneka ngaphakathi kwi seli ngendlela uluhlu kweeyunithi ezi-3 ukuya ku-100 - polysomes (polyribosomes). Ribosomes zidla amaqhina oqhagamshelwano ngomsonto bokuhlala zibonakale phantsi electron microscope - kunye RNA.

ribosome ngalinye kwedin ukuba nokulungelelanisa elakho ikhonkco lwabo polypeptide, iqela - eziliqela imixokelelwane ezinjalo kunye iimolekyuli protein.

Amanyathelo protein biosynthesis

Ukusebenza asidi acid. Xa hyaloplasm evela ulwelo Embi ngenxa kwe-, kucocwa okanye izithuthi elikhutheleyo acid asidi ezifunyenweyo. uhlobo ngalunye acid kanye imino enzyme esinxibelelana ngamnye - aminoatsilsintetazoy. Ukusabela isebenze kubeke wemagniziyam, manganese, ayibe. Kukho isebenze acid acid.

Protein Biosynthesis (isigaba sesibini) - kwaye ngokuhlanganisa ezimbaxa kunye isebenze acid acid m-RNA. asidi lasebenza acid (aminoacyl adenylate) usebenzisa enzyme kugqithiselwa t-RNA ye kukho icytoplasm. Le nkqubo catalyzed yi aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. acid acid abaze ke kukhatshwa kwiqela hydroxyl le carboxyl atom yesibini Carbo ribose nucleotide tRNA.

Protein Biosynthesis (Isigaba sesithathu) - nokuthuthwa leqela le iyasebenza acid acid kunye m-RNA kwi kwiiseli ze ribosome. Le asidi acid edityaniswe kwi tRNA, udluliselwa ukususela hyaloplasm kwi ribosome. Le nkqubo catalyzed yi enzayim ezithile, apho umzimba ayikho ngaphantsi kwe 20. Ezinye acid bathuthwayo ezininzi tRNA (umz, valine kunye leucine - ezintathu tRNA). Le nkqubo isebenzisa amandla GTP kunye ATP. Inyathelo lesine biosynthesis iphawulwa nomphetho owujikelezileyo aminoacyl-t-RNA ezimbaxa kunye RNA - ribosome. Aminoacyl-tRNA, ukuya ribosome esinxibelelana m-RNA. Nganye inxalenye t-RNA yenziwa nucleotides ezintathu - anticodon. Ngesakhiwo mRNA siyafana nucleotides ezintathu - codon. codon nganye ukuba iyangqinelana tRNA anticodon enye acid acid. Ngexesha biosynthesis zincamathele ribosomes ngohlobo aminoacyl-tRNA acid, leyo aya ngendlela egqitywe ukubekwa codons kunye mRNA akhiwa kwikhonkco polypeptide.

Inqanaba elilandelayo protein amagama - lo ukuqaliswa kwikhonkco polypeptide. Emva ezingabamelwane aminoacyl-tRNA anticodon onamathele zabo codon-RNA, iimeko Yindibanisela kwitsheyini polypeptide. Ndiyila ibhondi peptide. Ezi iinkqubo catalyzed synthetases peptide, isebenze ukuse- MG kunye neprothini indalo lokwaluka Imiba F1, F2, F3. Umthombo wamandla yemichiza na guanozintrifosfatnaya acid.

Ukupheliswa chain polypeptide. Le ribosome, leyo kuhlelwe phezu komhlaba chain polypeptide, kwaye umxokelelwane ufikelela ekupheleni-RNA, apha "siphinda-" ivela kuyo. Ukuze ekupheleni icala mRNA iqhotyoshelwe endaweni yayo a ribosome entsha, leyo synthesizes omnye polypeptide iimolekyuli. I-chain polypeptide akanandaba ukusuka ribosome kwaye kwazona in hyaloplasm. Le yokusabela lwenziwa usebenzisa i ukukhululwa into ethile (R), oludityaniswe kunye ribosome kwaye ibhexesha haydrolisis ye ngokunxulunyaniswa kaEtere phakathi polypeptide kunye tRNA.

Glycol kwaye kwasekwa ngamatyathanga polypeptide hyaloplasm of iiprotheni ezintsonkothileyo. Senziwe lesibini, emfundo ephakamileyo kwaye kwiimeko ezininzi - isakhiwo koqeqesho kwemolekyuli protini. Ngaloo ndlela protein biosynthesis kwiseli.