Optic Umthambo kunye nesicelo yayo

imicu Optical bonisa umzekelo wendlela ulwazi lwenzululwazi ikhutshelwa inkqubela lobuchwepheshe ukuba ekugqibeleni ukwenza ubomi lula ukuba umntu eqhelekileyo. Nge optic ifayibha iminyaka eliqela unxibelelwano enxulumene kuthetha yokudlulisela imiqondiso yombane. ubukhulu vulu obhityileyo nonwele lomntu ingasetyenziswa ukugqithisa loluhlu olubanzi iimpawu ezifunekayo ukuze ukusebenza ifowuni, uqhagamshelo intanethi, TV njalo njalo. D. Kakade ke, ngenxa izakhono zokusebenza eliphezulu ngokukhanya ifayibha iye isetyenziswe kuphela iimfuno zekhaya.

uphawu nge optical ifayibha transmission technology

Ngokwayo, ukusetyenziswa ifayibha enombala njenge ngumguquleli imiyalezo - kuphela ukuxelwa kolwazi ejongisisa icandelo yenzululwazi fiber. Abaziingcali kule kwicala abafunda ukudluliselwa kolwazi kunye andise ukukhanya, kunye nemeko efanayo, izikhokelo ukukhanya zidityanisiwe. Aba bamva asetyenziswa, yaye abasasazi yehlabathi nendlela zidlulisele inkcazelo. Hi ndlela leyi, ngokusekelwe ilight-esikhupha njengoko imikhwa mihla yophuhliso zobugcisa laser. Kulo mzekelo, nangona kunjalo, omnye umbuzo umdla - yintoni isenzeko amanga intliziyo ngokukhanya ifayibha? Lo mkhwa kisa lwangaphakathi (ewonke) radiation magnetic kwi imida Heating ukuba indices ezahlukeneyo zokunganyangeki. Apho yenethiwekhi ngcaciso imfutshane na umqondiso magnetic, yaye ekhowudiweyo ukubhobhoza ukukhanya. Ukuze siqonde iqondo ukongama iintambo ifayibha optic ukuya metal zemveli kufuneka kwakhona babuyele ubuchule babo. Senditshilo ifayibha vulu kabani ubukhulu ayikho ngaphezu kwe-0.5 mm, uyakwazi ukukhulula imali inkcazelo leyo eza kumkhonza eqhelekileyo cingo lekopolo kunye Ebubanzini mm-50 kuphela.

Iindlela lemveliso ifayibha optical

Kukho iindlela ezimbini eziphambili, apho kuveliswa apha kukho ifayibha optical. Oku ubuchule extrusion nawawokunyibilika usebenzisa preforms. Ithekhnoloji lokuqala uvumela izinto zeplastiki-based esezantsi-umgangatho, ngoko namhlanje Oku uyisebenzise. Indlela yesibini ithathwa eziziiprayimari kakhulu kakuhle. Le preform - blank, ibekwe isakhiwo zokuphetha okuluhlaza. Ngemilinganiselo yanamhlanje, le preform unokuba umphakamo ukuya kutsho amashumi eziliqela kweemitha. Ngokwangaphandle, leglasi intonga enobubanzi abamalunga ne-10 cm, ukusuka apho bunyibilike core ifayibha. Xa inkqubo lemveliso intonga kunye nomxube ngefayibha ndinobushushu lobushushu eliphezulu, emva apho kwayo ukusontwa. Ubude umbandela onesiphumo uyakwazi ukufikelela iikhilomitha eziliqela, nangona kule meko ubukhulu lihlala rhoqo - hlengiso yalo ulawulo ezenzekelayo. Kuxhomekeka apho optic ifayibha, kuba elayibrari pre-ukuqhubekekiswa Ipeyinti ezinika ukhuseleko ngokwasemzimbeni kunye imichiza ukuba isetyenziswe. Njengoko ngokuba kwimixube for ngemisonto kumafa zazo idla kuquka izinto ezifana polyimide, acrylate, kunye abicah.

iimpawu noshowo ukuqina optical

Inxalenye engundoqo womsonto yeyona ingundoqo - kanye undoqo ifayibha, nto leyo iya kuxanda ukukhanya ngexesha lomsebenzi. I-core luphawulwa indices aphezulu ukukhanya zokunganyangeki ukuba kuphunyezwa ngokusebenzisa iglasi doped kunye ongeziweyo ezikhethekileyo ukulungiswa. Ngokomzekelo, kuba kwimicu dust ngokusebenzisa amacandelo ezithile ezifana dopant zokunganyangeki. Ngenxa yoko, iqokobhe wenza izinto ezininzi, eyona ibaluleke ngakumbi kuzo na ukhuselo ngokukhawuleza emzimbeni ongundoqo. Le ndima ikwabonelela nesiphumo refraction, kodwa ngezinga ubuncinane. Umda phakathi izinto ezimbini yakha isakhiwo isikhokelo ukukhanya leyo awukuvumeli ivolyum umqadi engundoqo yandisa ngaphaya engundoqo. Kananjalo kubalulekile ukuba siqaphele ukuba iziseko ngokukhanya ifayibha ibhekisa iintlobo imicu eziphathekayo. Ukuze sibe ngqo, sithetha malunga waveguides Heating ukuba adlulisela signal ukukhanya.

Iintlobo imicu optic

I-zwi ziqhelekileyo, iplastiki kunye nefayibha flyuoridnye. Zwi vulu esekelwe zinyibilikile ngu oxide okanye isakhiwo esibonakalayo efanayo kuquka doped lesilicon oxide. Esi sikhokelo yenza ukuvelisa imicu bhetyebhetye yaye elide, esibonakala emasikwini amandla eliphezulu ngoomatshini. ngokukhanya zeplastiki-ifayibha eyenziwe iipholima, njengokuba sele kukhankanyiwe, asikwazi ukuqinisekisa amanani ukusebenza eliphezulu. Ngokukodwa, ngemisonto anjalo ipesenti enkulu ilahleko data, nto leyo enciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwazo kwiindawo ngenkani. Kwelinye icala, ifayibha ukufikeleleka zeplastiki igcina imfuno kule nto kumacala ehlenga ingxenye yabathengi. Ke izinto flyuoridnyh enombala, isiseko lwabo lusekelwe iindondo fluorozirconate kunye fluoroaluminate. Kuyinto izisombululo kakhulu mihla ezikude ngobuchwephesha ukwenzela unxibelelwano woqondo, kodwa umxholo enzima kubume kwakhona kuthintela ukusetyenziswa kwayo, umzekelo, kwishishini ezempilo kulo.

Ukulinganisa izixhobo ifayibha

Izixhobo ixhaphakileyo ezisetyenziswa iiseti ifayibha woqondo kwaye utsale abenzi ezi Bragg gratings. Ifayibha abenzi boluvo optic - isixhobo elungiselelwe ukulungisa amaxabiso athile okuluphawu urhulumente izinto ngalo mzuzu. Umzekelo, abenzi boluvo ezahlukahlukeneyo limisele uhlobo, ubushushu, ukungcangcazela, uxinzelelo, kunye nezinye izinto ezahlukanayo. Bragg nothango lwaso lobhedu on umsebenzi wayo lisondele ku iimpawu ezamehlo. It idlulisela kwi ifayibha core zokunganyangeki ukuphazamiseka aperiodic. Le lomlinganiselo ivumela ukumisela indlela optic ifayibha ezisebenza uphawu usasazo kwiimeko ezithile. Kwakhona, iingcaphephe sebenzisa i OTDR, lo ukusasaza amanani zobhaliso kunye ukuxhathisa.

yokukhulisa ifayibha Optical kunye laser

Le mveliso eziphuhlileyo, apho iqulunqwa isekelwe phezu ubuchwepheshe ngokukhanya ifayibha. Ngokungafaniyo nezinye iintlobo laser, ukusetyenziswa kwayo ezamehlo yenza compact yaye kwangaxeshanye ngokuwonga. Ngokukodwa, ifayibha optic ubuchwepheshe iye yathatha indawo izixhobo laser classic ngenxa iingenelo zilandelayo:

• Ukusebenza ukususwa ubushushu.
• amazinga Ukwanda radiation kwimveliso.
• Efutha ukusebenza.
• ukuthembeka High kunye nozinzo i-laser.
• izixhobo ubunzima Low.

Ngenxa yoko, le yokukhulisa kuxhomekeka kuhlobo ingasetyenziswa kwimigca ekhaya uthungelwano, ukwandisa umgca engundoqo ifayibha inqanaba lokwenziwa komsebenzi lo. Nangona kunjalo, lo umda ukusebenza ifayibha into ekufaneleke ukuba siyicinge ngokweenkcukacha ezingakumbi.

Kutheni usebenzisa optic ifayibha?

imiyalelo eziliqela, esebenzisa izinto fibre-optic zinako ukuqatshelwa. Eli nqanaba kwezicelo zasekhaya, izixhobo zonxibelelwano, kunye nezixhobo zekhompyutha, kwakunye yayigcinwa ezizodwa kakhulu, kuquka amanye amasebe amayeza. ifayibha yokukhanya esisodwa ngasinye kwezi amacandelo. Sebenzisa njengoko media standard transmission TV okanye uphawu Internet, umzekelo, models zeplastiki cheap limited umgangatho medium of. Kodwa isixhobo laser ezibizayo izixhobo zonyango sebenzisa kwizinga eliphezulu zwi ifayibha Ilungiselelwe modifiers ezongezelelweyo.

Ukusetyenziswa ngokukhanya nefayibha amayeza

imicu zingasetyenziswa izixhobo zonyango kunye nezixhobo. Le ndlela standard ibandakanya Ithemba lokufakela izixhobo okhethekileyo imicu ukukhanya refracted ukuba sele ngaba umbutho umzimba angadlulisela uphawu ikhamera kamabonakude lwangaphandle. Ifayibha yokukhanya isetyenziswa amayeza kwaye izinto ukukhanyisa. Izixhobo yafakwa iimodyuli ifayibha ake ebelapha ukubalaselisa lweHo- isisu, nasopharynx, njl

Ukusetyenziswa ngokukhanya nefayibha kwezixhobo zekhompyutha

Mhlawumbi lo niche eqhelekileyo, ethe wafumana indawo ifayibha yayo. Ngaphandle namhlanje ayikwazi ukwenza ikhonkco phakathi izixhobo ngamnye ezithumela ulwazi. Kakade ke, oku kusebenza kwezo nkalo apho akunakwenzeka okanye engafanelekanga ukusebenzisa imishini esebenza, ezo bakhuthalele ukubuyisela neengcingo hlobo. Umzekelo, iinkampani inkulu ngomnxeba ukuba ehlahla network lomqolo nqila, leyo usebenzisa optic nefayibha. Ukusetyenziswa kwezi sele zichaziwe ukuze izixhobo peripheral kunye neenkonzo zonxibelelwano eqhelekileyo kuvumela abasebenzisi ukuba ukwandisa iindleko zemali ukugcinwa yothungelwano lwezakhiwo, kwakunye ukwandisa ukusebenza ugqithiso lwedata.

lobubi ifayibha

Ngelishwa, imisonto optic akakwazi ukwenza ngaphandle ubuthathaka. Nangona umxholo ezithunyelwe ezinjalo eyona ndlela yongayo, singasathethi ke yokungabikho imfuno uhlaziyo rhoqo, iindleko zokufunda iphezulu kakhulu kunoogxa yesinyithi. Ukongeza, optic ifayibha kunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo amayeza kakhulu kulinganiselwe ngenxa umxholo kwezinye aluminium welothe kunye zirconium ubumdaka, ezinobungozi ebantwini. Ngokomthetho kumayelana imifuziselo iglasi mgangatho uphezulu, hayi plastkovyh.

Ukuveliswa ifayibha optical baseRashiya

Njengenxalenye yenkqubo endaweni yokungenisa ngo-2015, i-mveliso "iinkqubo Ifayibha-optic" yavulwa Mordovia. Sesona lweshishini kuphela eRashiya, ngelo xesha kangangoko kunokwenzeka ukuzama ukuhlangabezana neemfuno abasebenzisi basekhaya kwi ifayibha optical. Ngo-2015, ishishini Russian nawo ukwenza iimveliso nezinto ifayibha optic, kodwa kuphela ngaphakathi iiprojekthi ezithile ekujoliswe. Uhlobo olufanayo meko iyaqhubeka namhlanje. Ukuba inkampani ethile uya kufuna optic ifayibha kunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo amayeza kunye entsimini izibonelelo zonxibelelwano ziya ngokwasezimalini kugwetyelwa, ngoko kukho ezininzi i mveliso bakulungele ukusebenza odolo ezikhethekileyo ezifana ngabanye. Noko ke, ngobuninzi intambo enye evela ifayibha kuphela Mordovia isityalo liza kusebenza kwixesha elizayo. Ngaphezu koko, ngoxa yena angabi nako abonelele imarike ngokungqinelana umthamo ebango. A isabelo esikhulu imveliso nangoku bathenga eUnited States naseJapan. Nkqu iimveliso zasekhaya enziwa kwi izinto kwamanye amazwe ekrwada.

isiphelo

iimveliso Fiber optic, njengoko icandelo imarike sele malunga 15-20 iminyaka. Kule minyaka umthengi yakwazi ukuba bazise isithunzi kweentambo ezintsha, kodwa inkqubela na ukuma. Ngenxa yokwanda iimpawu zobugcisa emzimbeni nokwandisa isicelo lo mbandela. Ifayibha latest enombala esekelwe zezenzululwazi, ingakumbi, ngamandla ezisetyenziswa kushishino oyile kunye noshishino negesi kunye nabammeli. Kwelinye icala, nonlinear ifayibha ngokukhanya ikhula ngelixa ingqiqo nje, kodwa iindawo ethembisa kakhulu zobugcisa. Phakathi kwazo kwakukho ucinezelo of pulses laser, solitons enombala, radiation ultra-mfutshane enombala, njl Kucacile ukuba ukongeza izifundo theoretical kunye ngamathuba okuvula kunye ngaphakathi nolwazi lwezenzululwazi ngqo, uphuhliso olutsha uze uvumele kwimarike ukwenza ukunikezwa ezintsha kubathengi ngamanqanaba ahlukeneyo.