Ngubani abalawula emva Peter 1? Russia emva Peter 1

Imbali Russia osisityebi namathuba ezahlukeneyo, nganye ushiye uphawu yayo kweli lizwe. Enye impikiswano enkulu kakhulu nomvuzo kwaye umngeni kuye ubukumkani Peter I Omkhulu, owaphumelela ngokunxulumene ukufa ngequbuliso yoMlawuli January 25, 1725.

Russia ngaphandle ukumkani? Ngubani abalawula emva Peter 1

iminyaka emithathu ngaphambi kokuba ukufa nguzwilakhe kwafuneka lokukhupha umthetho, nto leyo zatshintsha umyalelo okhoyo ngaphambili yokulandelelana kweTrone; ngoku ke indlalifa akazange abe unyana omdala, kunye nonyana, lowo nguyise kuthiwe bafanele ukuba babe kwindawo imbeko enjalo. Esi sigqibo ngenxa yokuba unyana wokumkani, uyindlalifa ezingayingozi itrone Tsarevich Aleksey, watyholwa itulo noyise wakhe, yaye ngenxa yoko, agwetywe afe. Ngowe-1718 inkosana wafa ezindongeni inqaba.

Noko ke, ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe, uPetros ndandingenayo ixesha amisele ukumkani omtsha, eshiya eli lizwe, naphuhliso olo olwaye wenze umzamo omkhulu kangaka, ngaphandle irula.

Ngenxa yoko, kwiminyaka embalwa elandelayo sele kudale ezininzi babhukuqwa komkhulu, injongo leyo ukumbamba amandla. Ekubeni kwakungekho indlalifa isikhulu abanqwenela ukuba ahlale phezu kwetrone wazama ukungqina ukuba bafanelwe eli lungelo.

Mdibi yokuqala, uqhutywe ngumfazi Guards of Peter I - ngokuzalwa Marty Skavronskoy, eyaziwa ngokuba n Alekseevna Mihaylova (uCatherine I) - kuziswa ukuba amandla kuqala kwimbali yomfazi Russian.

Ziphethwe etroneni elizayo uKumkanikazi ilunga zonke-Russian yokumkani kade, Prince Alexander Danilovich Menshikov, owaba de facto umlawuli karhulumente.

Russia emva Peter 1 - isiganeko ekhethekileyo kwimbali yehlabathi. ukuze engqongqo kunye nengqeqesho, leyo inxenye luphawulwa ubukumkani yoMlawuli, ngoku yalahleka amandla alo bangaphambili.

UCatherine I: Ngubani na yena?

Matshi Skavronskaya (ngoku igama uKumkanikazi) wayevela kwintsapho abalimi lweBaltic. Yena wazalwa Aprili 5, 1684. Lost abazali bobabini, yena wakhulela kwintsapho umfundisi ongumProtestanti.

Ngexesha Enkulu Northern War (phakathi Sweden neRashiya), ngo-1702, ngoMatshi, kunye nabanye abemi inqaba Marienburg yathinjwa amajoni Russian, uze emva koko kwinkonzo uNkosana Menshikov. Kukho iinguqulelo ezimbini ngayo oku kwenzeka.

Enye inguqulelo ithi ngoMatshi waba oyinkosikazi Bala Sheremetyev - ngqwayi yomkhosi Russian. Wabona Prince Alexander Danilovich - ndiyithandayo Petra Velikogo - kwaye uthatha ithuba igunya lakhe, wathatha intombi endlwini yakhe.

Ngokutsho kwenye inguqulelo, noMarta baba ngabakhonzi ukulawula Colonel Baur, apho amehlo akhe waza wabeka Menshikov waza waya endlwini yakhe. Kwaye apha kwaqatshelwa yi uPetros I.

Rapprochement ne Peter I

Kule minyaka 9 uMarta wayengumnikazi yokumkani. Ngowe-1704, yena wazala umntwana wakhe wokuqala - unyana uPetros waza unyana wesibini - Paul. Kodwa, abafana ababini babulawa.

Lokusekwa ukumkanikazi elizayo ithatha udade Peter I - Natalia A., uMarta abaqeqeshelwe ukufunda nokubhala. Kwaye ngo-1705, wabhaptizwa intombazana Orthodox egama Mihaylovoy Ekateriny Alekseevny. In bezalwa 1708 no 1709 iminyaka Catherine, intombi ka-Peter I - Anna Elizabeth (kamva wathabatha etroneni phantsi igama lika Elizabeth).

Ekugqibeleni ngo-1712 ibandla St John Dalmitskogo kumtshato Peter I - uCatherine waba lilungu epheleleyo lentsapho yasebukhosini. 1724 kwaphawulwa a ibekwa esindilisekileyo Marty Skavronskoy Kwingcingane Cathedral eMoscow. Wanikwa isithsaba esandleni soMhlekazi.

Ngubani na xa imithetho Russia

Emva kokufa Peter 1 Russia ingqalelo ngokupheleleyo into efunekayo ukuze ilizwe ngaphandle ngumlawuli onamandla. Ekubeni Prince Menshikov wathandwa wokumkani, yaye kamva wanceda uCatherine Ndimi emantloko kurhulumente, umbuzo Ulolawula emva Peter 1, impendulo echanekileyo ngu - Prince Alexander Danilovich, bathathe inxaxheba kubomi lizwe aze athathe izigqibo ezibalulekileyo. Noko ke, ubukumkani uKumkanikazi, nangona inkxaso eqinileyo ezinjalo, akuzange kube kudala - de Meyi 1727.

Ezili etroneni uCatherine I, indima ebalulekileyo kule nkqubo weRashiya ngelo xesha wayedlala i Ephakamileyo yangasese Council, wazimisa phambi eqhineni kwitrone uKumkanikazi. Wawuhlanganisa ezinjalo eziBekekileyo kunye abadumileyo kuBukhosi Russian ngelo xesha abantu abafana Prince Alexander Menshikov (uyintloko yomzimba), nguDmitry Golitsyn, Fyodor Apraksin, Peter Tolstoy.

Ekuqaleni kolawulo uCatherine I zaye zancitshiswa irhafu kunye wasixolela amabanjwa amaninzi kwi-link kunye entolongweni. Ibangelwa utshintsho ezifanayo ziye ukoyika UDUSHE ngenxa kwamaxabiso ukufukuka, nto leyo iba kuya kukhokelela ukunganeliseki phakathi abemi.

Ukongeza, ukuba sele lirhoxisiwe okanye iinguqu eguqulwe olwenziwe kuPetros:

• indima besintu kubomi yezopolitiko eli lizwe baqalisa ukudlala iNdlu Yeengwevu;

• iirhuluneli kwafakwa abasemagunyeni bendawo;

• A uthumo olukhethekileyo, sakhiwa iinkokeli kunye iinjengele luye lwaququzelelwa ukuze kuphuculo mkhosi.

Innovations Catherine I. yasekhaya kunye namazwe angaphandle

Kuba lowo olawula emva Peter 1 (wayebhekisela umfazi wayo), kwaba nzima kakhulu ukuba abethe ukumkani-wenguquko kumgaqo-nkqubo lwayo olunezakhono ezininzi. Ukususela amatsha Phawula nokudalwa Academy of Sciences nokucwangciswa hambo, ikhokelwa umkhenkethi odumileyo Vitus wethu ena.

Ngo-nkqubo angaphandle ngokubanzi, uCatherine I ubambe imbono yendoda yakhe, waziphilisa ibango Holstein Duke Karla Fridriha (efika unyana wakhe) ukuya Schleswig. Oku kwakhokelela ekubeni kube neBritani kunye Denmark. Umphumo waba ukruthakruthwano phakathi eRashiya Ukuvuma i Vienna Union (oko kuquka eSpeyin, Prussia kunye Austria) ngo-1726.

Russia emva Peter 1 ufumene nempembelelo ekongeni Kurland. Kwaba njalo enkulu Prince Menshikov izicwangciso kuba yintloko duchy, kodwa abahlali ndikutyhilele ukunganeliseki ngawo.

Ngenxa -nkqubo angaphandle ka- Catherine I kunye Alexander Danilovich (ukuba ngubani eRussia emva kokufa Peter 1 enyanisweni), ubukhosi ukuba bambambe ummandla Shirvan (ukuba iminyinyiva kufikelelwa kulo mba ePersi eTurkey). Kwakhona, wabulela Prince Raguzinsky, ubudlelwane nobuhlobo kunye China zasekwa.

Isiphelo wokulawula uKumkanikazi

UCatherine I, amandla yafikelela esiphelweni ngo-Meyi 1727, xa uKumkanikazi wafa ngomnyaka sama-44 yobomi evela nesifo semiphunga. Bamngcwabela naye enqabeni.

Ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe, uCatherine wayefuna ukwenza intombi yakhe uKumkanikazi Elizabeth, Noko ke, kwakhona waphulaphula Menshikov ezilungiswe yindlalifa kunye umzukulwana ukumkani Russia - Peter II Alexeyevich, ngelo xesha Ukuvuma kwetrone wayeneminyaka eli-11 ubudala.

Umongameli kwaba namnye ngaphandle Prince Alexander Danilovich (le nto kwakhona kubonisa, owayelawula emva Peter 1 Russia). Kungekudala Menshikov watshata ngokutsha wenza nentombi yakhe Maria ukumkani, ngaloo ndlela siphinde siqhubeke ngokomeleza impembelelo ebomini courtly kunye noluntu.

Noko ke, amandla uNkosana Alexander Danilovich zange kube kudala emva kokufa loMlawuli Peter II , amangalelwe ngayo iyelenqe baza bafa elubhacweni.

emva Petra Velikogo Russia - oku yimeko eyahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo, apho indawo lokuqala asikokutshintsha ngaphandle kunye nenguqu, kunye nomzabalazo etroneni, yaye lizama ukubonisa ukongama ezinye iiklasi kwabanye.