Muscle inyama: isakhiwo kunye nomsebenzi. Iimpawu ngesakhiwo esiqwini kwezihlunu

Izityalo kunye nezilwanyana kwahluka kuphela ngembonakalo, kodwa, kakade, ngaphakathi. Noko ke, lo msebenzi osemqoka ibalulekileyo ebomini - kukuba izilwanyana bayakwazi ukuba ngenkuthalo ukuhamba esithubeni. Ngaphandle kungenxa kubukho kuzo izihlunu ezikhethekileyo - kwezihlunu. Nathi sijonge phambili.

ijwabu zezilwanyana

Xa umzimba ezanyisayo kunye zomntu iintlobo 4 inwebu ngakwimida onke amalungu kunye neenkqubo eyenza igazi ekuqhubeni imisebenzi ebalulekileyo.

1. Epithelial. Forms ibandakanya imizimba udonga inqanawa elingaphandle igcwele inwebu yangaphakathi, yenza inwebu serous.
2. Luvo. Iintlobo onke amalungu inkqubo igama olufanayo, iimpawu ibalulekileyo - excitability kunye conductivity.
3. Kokubonisa. Ikhona ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, kuquka ifomu ulwelo - igazi. Ulobumba imisipha, nemisipha, umaleko ezityebileyo, Wawuzalisa ithambo.
4. Izihlunu zomzimba, isakhiwo kunye nemisebenzi ukuba izilwanyana kunye nabantu ukuba enze iintlobo lweentshukumo, kunye nezakhiwo zangaphakathi ezininzi - contract nokwandisa (nempahla, njalo njalo).
   

Indibaniselwano yongeza zonke ezi ntlobo iqinisekisa kubume yesiqhelo kunye nemisebenzi yezinto eziphilayo.

Muscle inyama: yokuhlela

A indima ekhethekileyo inkunkuma esebenzayo abantu kunye nezilwanyana kudlala isakhiwo ezizodwa. igama layo - ijwabu kwezihlunu. Isakhiwo kunye nomsebenzi yoqobo zalo kwaye umdla.

Enyanisweni, lo izicwili na owahlukeneyo, kwaye ukuhlelwa yayo. kufuneka kuqwalaselwe iinkcukacha. Kukho iintlobo ngeentlobo esiqwini izihlunu, ezifana:

• ziindlela ezigudileyo;
• striated;
• intliziyo.

Ngamnye kubo kwindawo yayo eyendawo emzimbeni kwaye engaqhubi kakuhle echazwe umsebenzi.

Isakhiwo kweeseli izihlunu

Zonke iintlobo ezintathu esiqwini izihlunu iimpawu zazo zesakhiwo. Noko ke, umntu uyakwazi ukubona eziqhelekileyo Iipateni isixhobo iseli kwesakhiwo eso.

Okokuqala, yinto side (ngamanye amaxesha ukuya kwi-14 cm), oko kukuthi, efikelela lonke umzimba dystrophy. Okwesibini, i-multi-core, ngenxa yokuba kwezi seli iinkqubo protein amagama kakhulu olunzulu ukuqhubeka, ukubunjwa nokucazululwa kuka ATP iimolekyuli.

Kwakhona ingakumbi izihlunu isakhiwo zomzimba iiseli yaso myofibrils imiqadi kwakhiwa iiproteni ezimbini - actin kunye myosin. Zinika iphambili yale isakhiwo - contractility. fibril nganye umsonto-ezifana kuquka bands zibonakale phantsi neemicroscope njengokuba ukukhanya ngakumbi mnyama. Ezi molekyuli protein, ukwakha into efana imicu. Actin yeyona eqaqambileyo kwaye myosin - mnyama.

Iimpawu izihlunu zomzimba naluphi na uhlobo kuba iiseli zabo (myocytes) ukwakha sonke a cluster - iinyanda ifayibha okanye symplasts. Ngamnye kubo igcwele kwi kwinani ngaphakathi awo fibrils, ngoxa isakhiwo umzuzu ngokwayo iqulathe iiprotheni zikhankanywe ngasentla. Ukuba sicinga isakhiwo yokomfuziselo womatshini, kuvela njenge matryoshka, - ngaphantsi ngenxa ngakumbi, njalo-njalo de ezithungwini kanye ifayibha odityanisiweyo zomzimba okubi nokuqina kumbutho - uhlobo oluthile esiqwini kwezihlunu.

Okusingqongileyo lwangaphakathi esiseleni, okt, i protoplast, iqulathe yonke amacandelo ezifanayo zokusebenza kwakunye nayiphi na emzimbeni. Umahluko - in isixa nuclei nolwazi lwabo ayikho embindini ifayibha, kunye nesabelo peripheral. Kwakhona kuloo ukwahlula ayikho ngenxa impahla yezofuzo ye undoqo, yaye ngenxa iiseli ezikhethekileyo, sithwele igama satellite. Bayinxalenye myocyte inwebu ngenkuthalo enze umsebenzi ngokutsha - ukubuyisela ingqibelelo inyama.

Iimpawu ijwabu izihlunu

Njengoko kwakunye nayiphi na eminye imibutho, aba iindidi izicwili babe neempawu zabo, hayi kuphela kwisakhiwo kodwa imisebenzi eyenziwa. Eyona engundoqo iimpawu inwebu yesihlunu apho bakwazi ukwenza oku:

• nokunciphisa;
• excitability;
• conductivity;
• lability.

Ngenxa inani elikhulu luvo, imithambo yegazi kunye emithanjeni ingenisa izihlunu, babe ngokukhawuleza ukubona pulses umqondiso. Lo mhlaba ubizwa ngokuba excitability.

Kwakhona iimpawu isakhiwo ijwabu kwezihlunu ukwenzela iphendule ngokukhawuleza nawuphi eku-, ebuyisela ukuza kweli neuron kunye umnqonqo. Oku kubonisa kwempahla Uhanjiso. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu kuba ukukwazi ukuba uyiphendule neziphumo ukusongela (chemical, mechanical, umlinganiswa emzimbeni) - yinto ebalulekileyo ubomi obuqhelekileyo ekhuselekileyo nayiphi ephilayo.

Izihlunu zomzimba, isakhiwo umsebenzi lenza - konke oku xa iyonke kuyehla kwipropati engundoqo, contractility. Zikholelwa engenasizathu (controllable) okanye vukele (ngaphandle ulawulo bayazi) ukunciphisa okanye ukwandisa ubude myocyte. Oku kungenxa kwiproteni myofibrillar (actin kunye myosin kwayo). Bayakwazi kuzolula kwaye olindelwe waphants lokungabonakali, uze ngokukhawuleza buyisela isakhiwo sayo.

Oku ngakumbi inwebu yesihlunu nawuphi na uhlobo. Nesenziwe umsebenzi abantu kunye nezilwanyana iintliziyo, neempahla zabo zonke izihlunu iliso, batshintshana apile. Yiyo lo mhlaba inika amandla intshukumo esebenzayo, intshukumo esithubeni. Enoba unako ukwenza umntu ukuba izihlunu zakhe ayikwazi lincitshiswe? Yekani. Nyusa kwaye sehlise ingalo, xhuma, sekukukuguqa, umdaniso ukubaleka, enze iintlobo olulandelenayo - kuyo yonke kunceda ukwenza izihlunu kuphela. Ezizezi myofibrils actin kunye myosin indalo ngokwakha myocytes ilaphu.

Ipropati yokugqibela, ekufuneka kukhankanywe lo lability. Oku kubandakanya ubuchule yemeko ukuze achache ngokukhawuleza emva excitation, eze ukusebenza ngokupheleleyo. myocytes Better Ungakwenza oku kuphela axons - iiseli zemithambo-luvo.

Ubume inwebu kwezihlunu, ezidweliswe elo ilifa ngeempawu iimpawu ezikhethekileyo - izizathu eziphambili ezibangela ukuphunyezwa iqela lemisebenzi ebalulekileyo umzimba kwezilwanyana nabantu.

ilaphu smooth

Olunye uhlobo kwezihlunu. It has mesenchymal imvelaphi. It kuhlelwe ngokwahlukileyo kwabanye. Myocytes ezincinane, side kancinane, bafana anquma embindini ifayibha. Ubungakanani iseli avareji malunga 0.5 mm ubude kunye microns-10 ububanzi.

Protoplast kukungabikho sarcolemma. Undoqo into enye, kodwa ke mitochondria. Eli lizwe kwezinto yemfuza, wahlukana karyotheca kukho icytoplasm - embindini kwiseli. Le inwebu plasma sizilungise nje ngokwaneleyo, iiproteni ezintsonkothileyo lipids uyalandelwa. Kufutshane mitochondria kwaye kukho icytoplasm basasazeke amakhonkco miofibrillnye equlethe actin kunye myosin hi mpimo lowutsongo, kodwa wanele ukunciphisa kwithishyu. reticulum Endoplasmic kunye Golgi esimbaxa ezininzi lula wayicola xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iiseli.

Smooth izihlunu zomzimba kuyilwa myocytes imiqadi (iiseli edibanise-ezimile) ochazwe isakhiwo efferent innervated neerhali afferent. Oku kuxhomekeke kulawulo kwenkqubo yawo luvo, okt zancitshiswa, yimincili ngaphandle kolawulo abazi umzimba.

Kwezinye izihlunu imizimba agudileyo akhiwa iiseli ngamnye eyodwa innervation ethile. Nangona lo mba kunqabile. Ngokubanzi, kuko udidi lweenkonzo ezimbini eziphambili weeseli umsipha ziindlela ezigudileyo;

• myocytes secretory, okanye zokwenziwa;
• egudileyo.

Malodifferentsirovanna iqela lokuqala iiseli liquka nobuninzi mitochondria, Golgi izixhobo ichazwe kakuhle. Le kukho icytoplasm ke umkhondo ngokucacileyo iinyanda myofibrils contractile kunye microfilaments.

Iqela lesibini myocytes olulodwa ekuqapheleni Yindibanisela polysaccharides kunye nezinto combinative entsonkothileyo macromolecular, ukusuka apho yakhiwe ngakumbi collagen kunye elastin. Kwakhona zavelisa inxalenye ebalulekileyo ukwimo intercellular.

kwasendaweni emzimbeni

Smooth lolwabo imisipha, isakhiwo umsebenzi ukuba enze, ukuvumela ukuba ingqondo kwizigqeba ezahlukeneyo izixa ezahlukeneyo. Ekubeni innervation abawuthobeli ukulawula umsebenzi yabantu ngqo (ingqondo yakhe), kwaye lizwe liya kuba efanelekileyo. Ezifana:

• iindonga imithambo yegazi ngemithambo;
• uninzi izibilini;
• ngesikhumba;
• kakhuhle kunye nezinye izakhiwo.

Kulo mba, uhlobo umsebenzi zihlunu egudileyo - i ephantsi-speed.

imisebenzi

Ubume inwebu yesihlunu inyanzela istampu ngqo kwi imisebenzi eziyenzayo. Ngenxa yoko, umsipha agudileyo iyafuneka ukuze imisebenzi zilandelayo:

• ukuphunyezwa ucutheko ukuthanjiswa nonyanzeliso;
• nokuncipha kunye nokwandiswa mithambo igazi nkovu iimpahla;
• intshukumo kwamehlo kumacala ahlukeneyo;
• ulawulo isandi lwesinye kunye nezinye izigqeba emgongxweni;
• ngokubonelela yokusabela kwi intshukumo isimaphambili se iihomoni kunye namanye amachiza;
• iinkqubo ductility kunye nonxibelelwano eliphezulu excitation nokurhwaqela.

Senyongo, esiswini indawo intlanganisela emathunjini, isinye wokuchama, nkovu kunye negazi esimbaxa nempahla, imithambo yegazi kunye abaninzi drugieorgany - bayakwazi ukuba sisebenze ngendlela efanelekileyo kuphela iimpawu izihlunu egudileyo. Management, kanye ugcino into ezimeleyo ngokungqongqo.

Striated ijwabu imisipha

Iindidi ngasentla esiqwini izihlunu abekho phantsi ukulawula ingqondo yomntu, yaye intshukumo yayo. Lilungelo leSebe i ifom Imisonto - striated.

Okokuqala siyakuqonda, kuba oko, apho babenikelwe eli gama. Xa kujongwa ngemicroscope ungabona ukuba ezi zakhiwo abe striations bomntwana kuzo zonke izigaba ezithile - le actin protein zixhobo myosin ezakha myofibrils. Loo isizathu sokuba loo ijwabu isihloko.

inyama Cross-izihlunu yi myocytes equka ezininzi umphakathi izeziphi isiphumo ukuhlanganisa ulwazi izakhiwo ezininzi cellular. Le meko uchongwe yi ibinzana elithi "symplast" okanye "syncytia." okuzenzela Inkangeleko emelwe, iiseli zezindlu evuthelweyo elide, into esinzulu oqhagamshelwano phakathi efanayo intercellular. Hi ndlela leyi, kukho inyama esakha isikhokelo ekwenziweni zonke myocytes. It Unazo imisipha egudileyo. kwizicwili - isiseko iziyobisi intercellular, nto leyo ibe zombini exineneyo evakalala. Oku kukwadala iintlobo imisipha, apho izihlunu skeletal striated apha emathanjeni.

Myocytes ingqalelo ngelaphu kodwa elikhulu ngomli-, kusekho nemisebenzi embalwa:

• iiseli sarcoplasm iqulethe izixa ezikhulu myofibrils lula distinguishable kunye microfilaments (actin kunye myosin eziqinileyo);
• izakhiwo data kuhlanganiswa ngokwamaqela amakhulu - imicu izihlunu, nto leyo abunjwe ngqo amaqela ezahlukeneyo umsipha skeletal;
• Kukho nuclei amaninzi ichazwe kakuhle reticulum kunye nezixhobo Golgi;
• kakuhle aba mitochondria ezininzi;
• innervation lwenziwa phantsi kolawulo kwenkqubo somatic luvo, oko kukuthi ngabom;
• fatigue ifayibha iphezulu, kunjalo, kunye nokusebenza kakhulu;
• lability avareji, ukuchacha ngokukhawuleza emva refraction ngasentla.

Xa umzimba kwezilwanyana kunye nezihlunu striated yabantu ibomvu. Oku kuchazwe bubukho myoglobin kwi imicu - iproteni ezizodwa. myocyte nganye phantse ingabonakali iqokobhe ngaphandle selubala - sarcolemma.

Xa ndandineminyaka eliyinkunzi isilwanyana kunye nabantu nezihlunu skeletal ziqulethe izihlunu ashinyeneyo ngakumbi nokuqina phakathi myocytes. Ngokuhamba kwexesha kunye nokuguga indawo yayo yi evakalala kunye namanqatha, ngoko izihlunu zibe flabby kalujaca. Ngokubanzi, izihlunu skeletal kuthatha ukuya kwi 75% ye-ubunzima iyonke. Ukuba nguye inyama yezilwanyana, iintaka neentlanzi, athe umntu odla. ixabiso lesondlo iphezulu kakhulu ngenxa yokuba isiqulatho aphezulu iikhompawundi ezahlukeneyo protini.

Iintlobo zihlunu striated, ukongeza amathambo, intliziyo. Iimpawu lwesakhiwo yayo ungaboniswa phambi kweentlobo ezimbini iiseli: iiseli kwezihlunu yesiqhelo kunye cardiomyocytes. Ngokuqhelekileyo babe isakhiwo esifanayo amathambo. Sinoxanduva nokuncipha elizenzekelayo intliziyo kunye nempahla yaso. Kodwa cardiomyocytes - izinto ezithile. Basimisela imali encinane myofibrils, yaye ngoko, actin kunye myosin. Oku kubonisa ukuba isakhono ephantsi ukunciphisa. Kodwa lo msebenzi wabo akunjalo. Eyona qhaza - umsebenzi lo excitability wentliziyo, i enesingqi umthambo ukuzenzekela.

Wentliziyo ijwabu kwemisipha ukhandwa eyayizalwa okuphindwayo myocytes angamalungu alo nokudibana uliqimba kumbutho yamasebe. Omnye umahluko ukusuka izihlunu skeletal striated - kuba iiseli kwentliziyo ziqulethe nuclei, ekumbindi indima yawo. iindawo Myofibrillar eyendayo kwimiphetho.

Zeziphi izigqeba forms?

Zonke izihlunu skeletal komzimba - kuba striated ijwabu kwezihlunu. Itheyibhile ebonisa zalapha ekhaya kwabo kwinyama emzimbeni, siboniswa apha ngezantsi.

Ixabiso ye eziphilayo

Indima eyenza umsipha striated, kunzima ukuba zazi. Ngapha koko, yena nguye onoxanduva nto ibalulekileyo olwahlula izityalo kunye nezilwanyana - ukukwazi ukuba athathe i-intshukumo esebenzayo. Umntu angenza kakhulu ukuphululwa ephambili yaye ilula, yaye bonke bephela baya kuxhomekeka kumsebenzi izihlunu skeletal. Abantu abaninzi ukubandakanyeka kuqeqesho olunzulu izihlunu zabo, benza lo enkulu impumelelo Bulelani iimpawu ijwabu kwezihlunu.

Khawuve oko neminye imisebenzi yenziwa kwezihlunu striated emzimbeni womntu kunye nezilwanyana.

1. Lijongene cuts yobuso entsonkothileyo, amazwi iimvakalelo, iimpawu iimvakalelo ezintsonkothileyo.
2. Ixhasa indawo yomzimba esithubeni.
3. Ukwenza umsebenzi ukhuseleko esiswini (ngesenzo ngoomatshini).
4. izihlunu wentliziyo inikeza ucutheko ngesingqi kwentliziyo.
5. imisipha skeletal bayabandakanyeka kwizenzo igwinya, benza imisipha.
6. Lungisa intshukumo ulwimi.

Ngaloo ndlela, sinokugqiba oku kulandelayo: ijwabu imisipha - izinto ezibalulekileyo noshowo nasiphi na umzimba wesilwanyana, umnika ubuchule ezithile ezizodwa. Iimpawu kunye nesakhiwo kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo izihlunu zinika imisebenzi ebalulekileyo. Ubume isiseko salo naliphina myocyte izihlunu ubuxoki - ifayibha wabumba zixhobo nezo actin kunye myosin.