Mother Poltava ekulweni - dabi Ihlathi. Peter Ukoyisa Great

Asinguye wonke umntu uyazi indlela emfazweni, uPetros ngokuba 'unina Idabi Poltava. " Ngelo xesha, ukuba wayengomnye ukungqubana kwemihla ezininzi zobundlobongela kunye utshaba kwimbali ebukumkanini Russian Tsar. Makhe siqwalasele ngokweenkcukacha.

Overview

Ngexesha lolawulo wenguquko enkulu Russia ilwa kunye balwa. Ekuhambeni kwayo kwakukho imisebenzi asemkhosini. Omnye ukungqubana kwemihla yaba kuliwee Lesnaya. Korvolant phantsi umyalelo we-Russian Tsar woyisa utshaba ngosuku olunye. iiyunithi utshaba umthetho A. L. Levengaupt.

amabutho esitha

KwiBaltic angaphathi Swedish yayiquka nomkhosi kunye mahashe. I kuqala ibe ngabantu 8050. Elihamba babekho Smolandsky treteocherednoy kunye regiments Finnish-Swedish. Icandelo lokuqala ingqalelo elikwaziyo yokulwa buthathaka. Enyanisweni, wenza njengoko athathwe. butho Finnish-Swedish kuye kwaziwa ukususela 1620 Kwaba kakhulu iyunithi olomeleleyo. Mabutho babekhona:

1. Iingangamsha Livonia butho. Kwakukho abantu abamalunga nama-200. Nangona ingqeqesho mgaqweni ukufunyanwa kunokuba amahlwempu, esayenza kakhulu ukuba nenkani.
2. Malunga 800 abantu. Dragoons namandla.
3. Karelian zokuhlala butho. Kwakukho abantu abamalunga nama-300. Eli candelo waphawulwa yi-avareji yokusebenza.
4. Livonia baqashwa butho of dragoons phantsi umyalelo von Shreyterfelta. Kuyo, kwakukho abantu 600. Yaba iiyunithi yokulwa-ukulungele kakhulu olwabandakanya mercenaries Livonians kunye kurlyandtsev.
5. Livonia baqashwa butho of dragoons phantsi kolwalathiso von Schlippenbach. Kwakhona amadoda 600. Yaba ukwahlulwa kakhulu kunene.
6. Okunye ezishelifini.

Ngokubanzi, mabutho wababala abantu 4.900.

Unyaka ka Battle of Poltava

Ngexesha lolawulo wenguquko olukhulu iingxabano ezininzi emkhosini. Nangona kunjalo, le inkulu kubo lo kwemfazwe Poltava. ukumkani Russian abaphikisa uKumkani uKarl XII. Ngomnyaka Idabi Poltava - 1709 - utshaba ke phambi kwamadoda boyisiwe. Oku wenza umbulelo ukuba umbutho ebalaseleyo yezenzo omkhosi Russian.

"Umama Poltava Victory": ukulungiselela

September 28, 1708 iyunithi utshaba ukulungele ukuhamba. Kufutshane indawo yabo ihlathi lali. iiyunithi utshaba ihlala ubude: 6 ithathele akhiwe kumgca ngaphambili, abanye - ngaphambili engundoqo kamasipala. umyalelo utshaba izicwangciso ukuba alwe kuhlaselo eentloko ezaxhobela IsiRashiya ukuya kwinqanaba de iza kudlula yonke wonogada. Flying butho (korvolant) UPetros bafudukela kwimiqolo emibini kwiindlela ihlathi. Amajoni bakwazi ukuphuma endleleni evulekileyo, Nevsky Colonel Campbell wahlasela ibutho lotshaba zikhwele emahasheni, uhamba. Noko ke, utshaba wakwazi kukulayinisha kwindawo yesohlwayo esinokukhatyelwa ezipalini wayibhula off. Ngelo xesha, Campbell wafudukela ukunceda kuzilinda Golitsyn. Wakwazi kkuba balwa ukusuka kumgca ngaphambili. Ngenxa yoko, yokugqibela bafudukela kumgca zaseprayimari. korvolantu Russian akwazi ukufikelela indawo ebanzi, kukulayinisha phezulu ukuze yeduli. Umchiza 1 km ukusuka kotshaba.

units amandla Russian

Kumbindi isakhiwo Guards Brigade Golitsyn. Kwakugcwele Semenovski, Kumbi kunye ithathele ezimbini webutho Ingermalandskogo. Elise iphiko amahashe ekunene. Umthetho jikelele ezinkulu Stolz kunye Schaumburg. nangegxalaba ulawulo Isimbuku sombutho-jikelele Hesse-Darmstadt. Kwicala lasekhohlo mabutho ibekwe. Umthetho Flug kunye Boehm kunye nolawulo jikelele uLieutenant-General Bruce. On umgca wesibini kwakukho regiments 6 dragoons. Baye okugunyaziswe ithathele Ingermalandskogo kunye Astrakhan regiments. Nokoma of grenadiers inkqubo ezinikiweyo kunye neeyunithi Rostov Dragoon Guards.

The main empini

Yintoni i "unina Poltava Battle"? Idabi ephambili ngangosuku 13.00 ukuya 19,00 bakhe baqhawula okungephi. Ngu-ngosuku phakathi amajoni omabini awayedinwe kangangokuba wawa kanye edabini. Umgama phakathi kwabo kwakunezinyuko hayi ngaphezulu kwe-300. Xa isibini iiyure aphumla. Russian walinda Baur wona, kwaye balwa - ukuvela avant-garde. Ngentsimbi yesihlanu ngokuhlwa weza 4000 dragoons. ukusekelwa Russian ezifunyenweyo, waqalisa ukuhlasela. Ngenxa yoko, i balwa zaye kwabeka impahla yabo. Ngelo xesha, i Baur mabutho kudlula nangegxalaba utshaba, bathimba ibhulorho. Ngoko utshaba anqamka kokurhoxa. I balwa, kunjalo, ngenkxaso ye-Vanguard yakwazi ukulwa ibhulorho. Xa ezisixhenxe ngongcwalazi ngokuhlwa inyama, yaye imozulu wajika embi. Russian yaphela ehlasela, kodwa uPetros bazisa imipu, nto leyo eyakhokelela bombardment yezikhundla yotshaba. Utshaba waphendula ekuqaleni. isikhundla neziqhushumbisi kwaqhubeka de-10 emva kwemini. Lewenhaupt, kwaye kwacaca ukuba angabi nako ukusindisa yonke lori. Kulo mba, wagqiba baleka. Ebusuku, zimshiya engathi uza wempahla, yonke kakubi kwaye zokudubula, amajoni utshaba wawela umlambo. Ngelo xesha linye aphemba umlilo ukule, bangene ezilahlekisayo Russian.

Ekupheleni kwempi

"UMama emfazweni Poltava" iphelile ngenxa yokuba utshaba zibalekile. Kwathi ke oko kwazeka Russian Tsar, wathuma lamabutho Flug emanyathelweni yotshaba. amajoni Russian wambamba Livengaupta kufuphi Propoisk. Apha ukunqumla sele zitshatyalalisiwe, ngoko utshaba Kwanyanzeleka ukuba ushiye inxalenye yesibini lori kwaye uye p. SOG. Iintsalela bezimpi basaba kumkhosi Charles XII, ngaphandle kokuthatha nantoni nabo ngaphandle izixhobo zobuqu.

ukulahlekelwa

"UMama emfazweni Poltava" baphela kokuba kuthinjwe ezikhaphayo kakhulu ukutya, iimbumbulu, zokudubula, ibalwe iinyanga ezintathu. Ukongeza, utshaba walahlekelwa kwabulawa abalimele malunga 8 amawaka. Keli., A ibanjwa yathinjwa amajoni malunga 1 amawaka. Balwa amaninzi ngexesha kokurhoxa bamshiya. ilahleko abanjalo ngenxa ikakhulu amajoni ukuziphatha iiyunithi umbutho abangafundanga. Ukusuka Russian babulawa ababuleweyo bebonke malunga 4 amawaka. Abantu. Noko ke, ingxelo ilahleko iyonke azichazwanga kwibhili data regiments dragoon neeyunithi amahashe engagunyaziswanga kunye nezinye nemikhosi. Sisazi ukuba i "unina Idabi Poltava" liye bungwanyalala kakhulu, abaphengululi wabeka inani kwabafileyo ababuleweyo - 6 amawaka abantu .. Njengokuba kuphawuliwe ngamangqina, amaxhoba bazalisa phantse ngokupheleleyo edabini. Amaxesha amaninzi, ngaphantsi ingakwazanga kubonwe nokuba nengca. Ngoko ke, kunokwenzeka ukuba bathethe malunga ekulahlekeni ekuthelekisweni kunye omabini amacala.

nokuhlola

Imfazwe eqhubekayo kunye balwa kwabangela inkxalabo enkulu * kuKhesare Russian. Noko ke, emva kokuba iziganeko ka September 29, 1708 kwenziwa umkhosi Charles XII umonakalo omkhulu. Oku kuye kwabachaphazela indlela ngakumbi imfazwe. Ebudeni balo imikhosi kumacala omabini phantse rhoqo kwakhona. Ukususela kwicala Russian ukuya flanges ye Baur wajoyina, i balwa yafudukela ukuya imikhosi asiwe ku Propoisk. Noko ke, yaba noludumileyo lokuqala qualitative. Abendlu ka-zezindlu Baltic wayengekho oonogada Swedish okanye ezinye regiments elite. Le yokugqibela, umzekelo, ingqalelo unit Dalekarliyskoe. regiments abaninzi swa Karelians kunye eFinland kwaye balwa musa kunye Livonian baseJamani kwaye Estonia, izhoryanami kunye nokuxubana ukusuka yangaphambili Swedish Ingermalandii. Iinxalenye ababekho nokuba kuza bevela ePoland, kwakunye mercenaries ye wayo German. Ngelo xesha uPetros HIS umkhosi bakhe, Guards nomkhosi butho of dragoons kunye uyakhetha.

iimpazamo

Njengenye iimpazamo ezinkulu uPetros abaphandi bathi ukuba iqokobhe zokudubula ayonelanga. Kukho 30. kuphela Ukongeza, bonke-abanjalo amancinane. Zokudubula Baur akazange abe nexesha ixesha ukuya edabini. Kulo mba, eli dabi ngandlel ezilibazisekileyo yaye anegazi kakhulu kunokuba bekulindelwe. Umkhosi lotshaba babesebenzisa oku, wakwazi siphumele ngempumelelo kwaye bafumane zintshula kuloo kwindawo entsha. Russian, ke, akazange ababulale i balwa ngaphandle kwenkxaso zokudubula. Ngenxa yotshaba ukuze othile akwazi baleka umkhosi ka Charles.

imiphumela Long-term

Phambi Russian lo msebenzi ngobuchule. Yaba iimbalelwano enkulu wonogada, apho kwakukho malunga 8000 iilori. . Ngenxa yezenzo eentloko ezaxhobela Russian bavalelwa malunga 4 amawaka iinqwelo kufuphi kwilali Forest, malunga 3 amawaka - .. Baye Propoisk. Ngoko ke, lo msebenzi qhinga sele lwenziwe ngokupheleleyo. Yilwa balwa abasweleyo umzimba omkhulu-mkhosi. Iintsalela bomkhosi, iye awunikwanga phantse nto kumkhosi uCharles, kwanyanzeleka ukuba ukutshintsha ngokupheleleyo izicwangciso. Nangona kunjalo, i-Russian akakwazanga kubetheleleke ngokupheleleyo umsebenzi ukulujikeleza abatshabalalise zezindlu lweBaltic. Utshaba bakwazi ukwahlukana aphume encirclement. Igcine inxalenye yomkhosi Livengaupt ikwazile ukudibanisa kunye nemikhosi eziphambili Charles XII, nangona kokulahlekelwa yonke kuloliwe iimbumbulu kunye nezibonelelo. Njengenye ngemiphumo lokulwa ubabalo uzinikele elandelayo kwi perevolochna. Carl, ngokusekelwe kwimpumelelo yeli kokurhoxa Livengaupta Forest, uqhagamshelo yayo kunye nemikhosi ephambili, wammisela umthetheli-mkhosi kuhlala. Emva Poltava, ukumkani babenethemba lokuba le jikelele ziya kuba nako ngaphandle kobunzima ukufikelela i iCrimea Khanate. Loo komdibaniso eSweden ngelo xesha, bakhonza njengenkosi ekhonza Turkish. Kodwa Lewenhaupt, mhlawumbi babengasenantembelo ithuba umlo. Njengokuba kuphawuliwe mbali, lo jikelele wayedandatheke ngengqondo emva iphulo elikhulu yasemkhosini. Kule meko, akazange abanawo amandla okanye, mhlawumbi, umnqweno ukusebenzisa beqinile ngenxa. Kuyabonakala ukuba, emva kokuba zedabi Ihlathi ke akathandi kuqhubeka longquzulwano, kodwa ukuba anikezele. Emva kokuba Ukumka uCharles ukuba Dnieper nempi yakhe - ngaphandle kwelahleko kwaye ngexesha elifutshane - wabeka phantsi iingalo zabo phambi kokuba lamabutho Menshikov.

isiphelo

uloyiso Russian e Poltava wayengomnye enkulu kwimbali ebukumkanini wenguquko enkulu. Russian Tsar njalo sinikele ingqalelo enkulu kuqeqesho umkhosi wamajoni. Kungenxa yoko le nto kuwo onke amadabi kuqwalaselwa kuphela amaqela zilungileyo; bake kunye Preobrazhensky, kwakunye phantse ngokulinganayo kuye ubume Ingermalandsky webutho, Vladimir, Nizhny Novgorod kunye neeyunithi dragoon Nevsky. Ebaluleke ngokukodwa, Kakade ke, ukuba ingqeqesho mkhosi. komele Russian hlukile abamanyeneyo kakhulu, ekugcinweni le nkqubo. Oku kukuvumela ukuba ukuhlanganisana ngokukhawuleza imikhosi ukuba yakhiwe loo mkhosi ngqo ukuya edabini.