Minerals: Properties kunye Izicelo

Namhlanje siza uthethe izimbiwa. iimpawu zabo izicelo ziya kuqwalaselwa. NoShishino ngenkuthalo nokuphuhlisa kwilizwe lethu. Oku kuyimfuneko ukwenzela ukuphucula umgangatho wokuphila. Ukuze wenze oku, kufuneka izixhobo ngakumbi nangakumbi kunye nezinto thina. Inkoliso yale nto ekrwada licatshulwa kwelingaphantsi ngumntu uMhlaba. Ukususela koovimba yayo kwaye oko kuxhomekeke kwimpilo-ntle lonke uluntu. Funda izifundo abantwana iimpawu kwezimbiwa (Grade 3). Kuyabonakala ukuba, urhulumente ufuna ukuphakamisa okusingqongileyo nokubhala namandla! Oku kuya kuba luncedo ukuba iplanethi yethu.

Yintoni na?

Phantse wonke umntu uyazi into izimbiwa. Iimpawu zezi zibonelelo zibonisa kuthi ukuba athabathe emhlabeni. Ezi okubonakalayo kunokuba eqinileyo (ezimbiwa), engamanzi (ioli), kwaye nkqu sukube (irhasi yendalo). Zonke iifosili ekuthiwa luncedo. Oku kuthetha ukuba izinto kufunxwa inzuzo yabantu. Ziziphi ezinye iimpawu kwezimbiwa?

ingxaki ehluphekile

Kubonakala ngathi akukho nto inzima kulo mbandela. Siyazi ezininzi izibonelelo ezifana kwezimbiwa. Iimpawu, isicelo kunye nokwakhiwa ezi zipho yendalo, safunda esikolweni. Noko ke, kukho entle umgca ephathelene ne ukuqonda ukuba kubalulekile ukuba umntu. Kuye kwaba zaphawula amaninzi eminyaka ngaphambi ookhokho bethu bakwazi ukuqonda eluncedo afumaneka elunxwemeni samatye lomlambo. A ixesha elide kakhulu bafunda ukuphatha eso sigqibo, ngoko ke enokusetyenziswa njenge stick embe.

Kwathatha ixesha elininzi ngaphambi kokuba abantu baqaphela ukuba phantsi kweenyawo zakhe, kolu qweqwe lomhlaba, kukho ezininzi zolondolozo esikrwada, iiminerali kunye nezinye izixhobo zendalo. ezingamakhulu aliqela abantu ukuthatha izimbiwa, esebenzisa ngenxa yenzuzo. Akukho ingxaki elula: Xa umntu uchola phezulu phezu kwezi zinto, ngaphakathi woMhlaba olusele. Konke oku kukhokelela ekuphazanyisweni kwenkqubo isakhiwo zejoloji iimveliso, ngaphantsi komhlaba igcwele izimbiwa processing kunye nenkunkuma, ezo ziveliswa phakathi kwenqubo zabo. Nyaka ngamnye, le ngxaki lokusingqongileyo kuya yondele kakhulu, umntu onyanzelwayo ukuba ukujonga iindlela ezintsha gesi kunye nokusetyenzwa kwezimbiwa.

ngezigaba

Izimbiwa, iimpawu kunye izicelo apho esiza kuxubusha ngayo kweli nqaku, abe inani elikhulu ukuhlela. Makhe sihlolisise ngokweenkcukacha. Ngoko ke, zokuma ziye zachongwa:

• zokubasa;
• ore metal;
• amatye anemibala;
• yezimbiwa zokwakha.

amatshe anemibala

Coloured mgodini - yinto usapho ezizodwa eqinile. Waye athwalwe ukuze kwezimbiwa. Azikho zisetyenziswa amafutha, awusetyenziswa ukufumana iintsimbi ezahlukeneyo okanye ezinye khimsyr'ya imveliso. Zahlula-hlulwe ngamaqela amabini:

• izimbiwa ngaphaya - i amatye anqabileyo okanye GEMS. Umzekelo: yirubhi, aquamarine, idayimani, netopazi, isardiyo, neametiste kunye nabanye.
• izimbiwa opaque okanye semi-anqabileyo, namatye anqabileyo. Umz malachite, neyeeperile, evuthiweyo, neyaspisi, neagati, lesafire, njalo-njalo.

Makhe sihlolisise ngamatye anqabileyo kunye semiprecious. Diamond mgodini zinomdla amatye ezininzi. Igama livela kwigama lesiGrike elithi 'adamas ", gama elo elithetha" gidi. " Kwaye okunene, kodwa ke izimbiwa inzima kwindalo, nto leyo ithetha ukuba kusetyenziswa kuphela kwishishini izacholo, kodwa imveliso ikakhulu zobugcisa. Diamond isetyenziswa elifeza kwaye ipolishi ezahlukeneyo eziqinileyo. Isetyenziswa idle amaqula nzulu kakhulu. Of Mineral ukwenza ngokumba okuqinileyo kakhulu. Kwakhona usebenzisa diamond baphathwa nesinyithi. bathezi eziqinileyo zenziwe ngamatye.

Namhlanje, izazinzulu ziye zaqinisekisa ukuba bakwazi ukufumana idayimani ngu ngumntu iindlela, kodwa zisetyenziselwa iinjongo zobugcisa. Bemithi baye bafumanisa ukuba diamond kumafa layo - kuba carbon. Okumangalisayo kukuba, njani carbon eninzi yahlukile kwizimbiwa ezahlukeneyo. I-carbon grafayithi-based kakhulu. Kodwa yena akanako ndoqhayisa a yokuqaqadeka efana diamond. Ukongeza, ngezimbiwa eyaziwa ngokuba umdlalo wayo ukukhanya. Ukuba ilitye idlula kwelanga, ukuze uqhagamshelane ukuba sigcine iintlobo ilitha eliqaqambileyo - okuluhlaza ukuya shades ebomvu. Zonke ubuhle umntu diamond wabona kuphela kwinkulungwane XVIII, xa bafunda ukwenza inkalo ekhethekileyo uguqulela ilitye libe nekalikedo okuqaqambileyo. Kodwa aningabo abaphila zisetyenziselwa iinjongo zobugcisa. Brilliant - ilitye elungiselelwe izacholo.

amafutha

Esibalulekileyo iifosili babantu, ukuba iipropati ezahlukeneyo. Asinto kunzima ukuthelekelela ukuba yokugqibela ziquka umgquba, amalahle, igesi yendalo, i-oyile kunye shale oyile. Kubonakala ukuba ezi zibonelelo zisetyenziswa kuphela nje isibaso. Ioli, igesi, amalahle kunye umgquba ziyasetyenziswa namhlanje, izityalo amandla kunye namashishini mveliso ezahlukeneyo. Kodwa eli qela kwezimbiwa ezisetyenziswa kwakhona ezinye iinjongo, ingakumbi kwishishini kwemichiza le. izinto ezinjalo ibunjiwe ziveliswa amachibi zangaphambili, leyo ekuhambeni kwexesha saba kumgxobhozo, uze emva koko - kumathafa. Ezantsi kwezi amachibi kangangeminyaka emininzi kwakukho ezahlukeneyo iinkqubo chemical: nokufumba iintsalela zezityalo kunye nezinye izinto. Ukutyhubela iminyaka, ukubola, uze emva koko yaba sapropel. Abaninzi nelimdaka wanyama- lesiGrike lithetha "elibolile" yaye "Ubumdaka". Ngenxa yoko, sapropel - a kokungcola nehumasi kuhlala izinto eziphilayo. Iba ikharbhon okanye uguqulwe amalahle emdaka.

Oosonzuluwazi baqaphela ukuba ukuyilwa kwezimbiwa zokubasa inde kakhulu kwaye zintsonkothile, oko kufuna isixa esikhulu ixesha. Umzekelo, i-umgquba ngokubanzi kwakheka phezu zeminyaka emininzi. Kwezenkolo bathi kuyimfuneko ukwazi ukukhumbula abalandeli kutsalwe nemigxobhozo. Le ndawo yokuqala imveliso shale oyile yayiyiminyaka ngaphezulu kwezigidi-gidi eyadlulayo. Phantse isiqingatha sayo yonke shale oyile wabonakala ngexesha Paleozoic. ezivuzayo Coal imiswe malunga 350 yezigidi kwiminyaka eyadlulayo. Ngaloo mihla, iplanethi yethu embhoxo iintshinyela aluhlaza of iifeni ezinkulu, horsetails kunye moss. Ngala zityalo, umhlaba akanayo ixesha ukubola, ajike abe ido-. Izityalo kunye nemithi owafayo phandle, yeyela emanzini, isanti kunye nodongwe zarekhodwa ngaphandle okubolileyo, yaye ngokuthe ngcembe endiyibumbileyo, uguqulwe namalahle. Ukuba uthatha ngesandla kule iqhekeza amalahle, ngoko unga ngokukhuselekileyo ucinge ukuba ngoku entendeni yesandla sakho ongumtyeleli kweli ovela kwelinye elidlulileyo elikude.

ore

Qubeka ukuya kwicandelo elilandelayo - ores metal. Phezu ngaphandle kwezixeko basoloko ubone iintengiso malunga ukwamkelwa ahle kunye zesinyithi non-ayoni. Kufuneka wazi ukuba ubomi ukhangela omnyama ayikho mnyama ngebala. Oku iintsimbi ukuba isetyenziswe ekulungisweni ngentsimbi intsimbi yi kunyityilikiswa. Ezi ziquka intsimbi, manganese, vanadium okanye chromium. Baya kuza isilivere okanye shades ezimhlophe. Kuba izinyithi non-ayoni ziquka nickel, zinc, ikopolo, igolide, ilothe kunye nabanye. Abaninzi kubo abunjwe emaweni daka enzonzobila. Ngokuthe ngcembe, kuvuka ngaphezulu. Ngenxa yeziphumo endalo emoyeni, ilanga kunye Ikhefu lamanzi phantsi ezintabeni, namatye zabo lentlenga abonakale kwaye sivulelekile ukuba umntu iidipozithi yesinyithi.

Metals esetyenziswa kwishishini ekukhanyeni kwaye inzima. Of nabo baxhonkxa izikhali zokulwa, izahlulo yokuhamba njalo njalo. amandla imveliso ixhomekeke material yaveliswa apho. Yaziwa for steel yayo amandla. Aluminium lisetyenziswa-moya, kuba kulula kakhulu. Kwaye iintambo zombane ezenziwe ngobhedu, ekubeni umqhubi ilungileyo umbane.

izinto zokwakha

Iimpawu minerals eziqingqwe ukususela kumaxesha amandulo. Kwezi bantu kwakhiwa izakhiwo ezahlukahlukeneyo. Umzekelo, ukuba impucuko yamandulo nezemarmore, inyengane okanye lekalika ukwakha izinto ezahlukeneyo okulumba - neetempile, iiobelisk, iiphiramidi njalo njalo. Limestone lula kakhulu usarhwa ube iibhloko, ngoko ke iiphiramidi samandulo saseYiputa zakhiwa kule ezimbiwa.

Iimpawu yezimbiwa: udongwe nesanti

Clay ndoda yaqala ukuba zisetyenziswe ekwenziweni tableware, izitena, iithayile kunye nezinye izinto ezahlukeneyo zentengiso sanitary. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba isetyenziswa ngoku nje isifudumezi. Yena unalo impahla ethandekayo - ukumelana amanzi. Udongwe na amayeza. Kunokuba ibe imibala eyahlukileyo. ubumba olubomvu iqulethe intsimbi kunye potassium. luhlaza uba sobhedu nentsimbi. Ayibe ifumaneka udongwe oluhlaza. Carbon nentsimbi equlethwe ngodongwe emnyama brown namnyama.

kwemithombo yendalo: isanti

Iimpawu nodongwe nesanti zixabiseke kakhulu kuluntu. Yinto hlobo izinto zokwakha yokuqala. Sand bafunda ukwenza negilasi. Ukuhlamba izitya, kaninzi usebenzisa ngesanti namanzi. Lo mxube ngokupheleleyo iyahlanjisiswa azingcolise. Nokuba esikolweni, siqala ukufunda iimpawu kwezimbiwa (Grade 3). Abantu basebenzisa ezi zibonelelo kuyo yonke indawo. Kodwa ngaba ayiphele ndawo? Kungumsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu lonke uluntu - ukufunda ukusebenzisa indlela eyiyo semvelo lisinika.