Isondlo lweseli kunye nokukhula. Iindlela umsoco cell

Ngokutsho zophando ekuqaleni kwicandelo lezempilo, ibinzana elithi "iseli ukutya 'zibonwa ngokwengqiqo lokuqala. Yathi ukuba kubalulekile ukuba asinde. Mol, ezizezi kuyimfuneko wobungakanani izondlo ukuba kufuneka babekho kule yokudla ukwenzela ukuthintela imbonakalo iimeko tyala ngaphandle ebonakalayo okanye ibonakale. Kwihlabathi lanamhlanje, ngenxa ubugcisa oluphambili kunye ukukwazi ukubona ngaphakathi emzimbeni, ungabona indlela izondlo ukungena yeseli, ziziphi ezinye iinkqubo olwenzekayo apho. Kubalulekile ukuba le mbono intsha inceda isizathu sokuba ukungabikho kumacandelo ukutya ebalulekileyo kungakhokelela amandla, kwesikhumba okanye ukugula.

Yintoni iseli?

Iiseli - lusisisekelo esisiseko yobomi, ukusuka apho zonke izicwili kunye namaziko. Ezi zixhobo zincinane rhoqo awasabela ngayo kunye nabanye njengempendulo kwizalathisi ezahlukeneyo. Nutrition kweeseli zomzimba kubalulekile, kuba ukuba umsebenzi wabo akayi kwenziwa ngendlela eyiyo, oko kunokukhokelela ukuhla nezalathisi ngokubanzi emzimbeni kwesi sifo.

Omnye wemisebenzi ebalulekileyo ukuba iiseli enze kubomi bemihla ngemihla - ekulondolozweni DNA umonakalo. Ngaphezu koko, zinika umzimba amandla. DNA elondolozwe kwi core. Zininzi iindlela ukukugcina kukhuselekile. Noko ke, uphando lubonisa ukuba iiseli ukungondleki kunye nomxholo ophantsi antioxidants kunye nezinye phytonutrients ibambisene kunye neempembelelo zokusingqongileyo ityhefu ezifana zinambuzane kunokubangela umonakalo DNA. Le umonakalo, eyaziwa ngokuba kuguquka, ezinokuchaphazela ukukwazi ukuvelisa amandla. Ngapha koko, oku kuphakamisa yimbonakalo ukudumba izicwili, ukwaluphala lwabo kwexesha.

Indima nutrition ebomini yeseli

I-avareji omdala iiseli malunga nama-30 ezigidi. Ukongeza, ngosuku ngalunye amawaka leeyunithi abatsha beluphindwe kuyo endala, ezigugileyo okanye yonakele. Iiseli Power - inkqubo yokubonelela izinto okunesondlo ekrwada ukwenzela ukudala amatsha nokulondoloza iiyunithi ubudala. Ngaphezu koko, ezinye izondlo nazo zikhuselwe kumonakalo uze unike umzimba amandla kuyimfuneko. Nangona into yokuba iiseli izicwili ezahlukeneyo amalungu zisenokwahluka ngokumila, ubukhulu, iimpawu, ukuba ziqulathe amacandelo ezifanayo ukuba enze imisebenzi ethile.

Power kunye cell ndizayo

Shell esiqukumbela yeseli, ebizwa ngokuba ndizayo iseli. Lusetyenziswa umda lwesakhiwo, nto leyo ethintela isiqulatho ngaphakathi ukusuka ukuphazamiseka ngaphandle kokungena arhente ezingafunekiyo. Ngelo xesha, eli qokobhe isebenza isihluzi semipermeable ngokubonelela inkqubo umsebenzi cell ukutya. Ngenxa isenokuba izondlo nenkunkuma, phezu koko, zisuswe emzimbeni. Konke oku kunegalelo kunxibelelwano intercellular kunye nolungelelwaniso yonke imisebenzi komzimba umzimba.

Le inwebu iqulathe ncakasana amafutha, ukuba leyo, ezingenakunyibilika emanzini, ekusekeni umqobo yendalo kusekwe umda kunye nesakhiwo. Eyona umsebenzi lipids kukudala ifomu kunye nozinzo noshowo. Enye into ebalulekileyo ziiproteni. Bona zibonelela unxibelelwano kunye nokunika njengendlela attachment. Ngokomzekelo, iiseli ithambo qhoboshela ithambo ngu iiproteni ingaphandle cell. Into ebalulekileyo kwakhona uphawu ngexesha uthatha izondlo kunye nenkunkuma zinomgutyulo.

Eyona umsebenzi yeseli ndizayo

Iiseli iibhloko zokwakha zonke izakhiwo ebonakalayo. Yonke emzimbeni - ukusuka kweenwele entlokweni wehla waya izikhonkwane neminwe, kwakunye eluswini, igazi, amalungu kunye namathambo - yenziwe ziiseli. iindonga zazo, kuthiwa inwebu yeseli, ngathi yinqaba kocingo ngoyaba izondlo kukutyhalele into buhlungu. Nangona ahluke (ngokungafaniyo igazi luvo, ithambo ayahluka imisipha, njalo njalo), bonke benayo isakhiwo esisiseko kwaye nabadinga nkqubo ebaluleke kakhulu ezifana iiseli amandla. Yeyona nto iphambili wamandla nangamandla.

isondlo Cell kunye nemveliso energy: mitochondria

Iseli inwebu ezingqonge iseli ifana eluswini egubungele umzimba. Ngendlela efanayo kwinyama umzimba kunye zitho ukwenza imisebenzi ethile, yaye kwiseli nganye iinguqulelo zayo abancinane kubo. Ewe kuthiwa organelles. Ezinye organelle sibalulekileyo onoxanduva ukuveliswa amandla izondlo, la mitochondria. Emzimbeni, eninzi kubo.

Iseli nganye iqulathe amakhulu eziliqela ukuba amawaka ngaphezu ezimbini mitochondria, ngokuxhomekeke kwiimfuno zabo zamandla. Ngokomzekelo, iiseli zentliziyo kunye nezihlunu skeletal, apho kukho imfuneko amandla eliphezulu kakhulu ukugcina intshukumo rhoqo phakathi emzimbeni, kufuneka-40% of kwindawo yayo ekuhlala ngokuseka. Umzimba womntu avareji iqulathe ngaphezu kwesinye quadrillion amacandelo ezifana. Ngokungafaniyo iseli inwebu engaphandle, mitochondrion nganye oonokrwece ezimbini: ngaphakathi langaphandle. Eyokuqala ibandakanya 75% protein - kuba ngaphezulu kakhulu kunayo nayiphi na enye umda cell. Ezi proteni ziyingxenye chain zothutho electron yaye badlale indima ephambili isizukulwana ATP.

Njani na inkqubo lonikezelo kwinqanaba cellular?

organelles ukubunjwa kwiseli enye nawo afana nalawo afunyanwa eziphilayo ezintsonkothileyo ngakumbi. Kuba iyimfuneko kokugqitywa ngempumelelo kweenkqubo ezininzi zobomi. umsebenzi ulawulo Central buhlobene ngqo yeseli ezingundoqo, nto leyo iba DNA uqondisa Yindibanisela iiproteni esiseleni. Mitochondria banoxanduva inkqubo ye weseli nokuphefumla kunye nokuguqulwa glucose zibe amandla. Ribosomes ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza imijelo ezothutho kulo elo reticulum endoplasmic. I iseli inwebu yi emane silawula intshukumo izinto.

Isondlo esifanelekileyo kudlala indima ebalulekileyo ukulusingela phantsi izinto ezinobungozi kunye nokugcina impilo kwinqanaba zeselula, njengoko ibonelela izondlo kwi iiseli, ezisetyenziswa iibhloko zokwakha kunye nokukhusela imisebenzi ebalulekileyo. Umzekelo, imveliso yezamandla. Iimpawu iiseli amandla ezidibene umsebenzi nganye inamacandelo yayo. iiproteni nokudla ke ukwahlulwa ibe asidi acid, uze uphinde-kuhlanganiswa zizinto ezintsha efanayo. Ezinye acid nazo zisetyenziselwa ukwenziwa zokubonisa iikhemikhali hormone. Abo, ke, lukwa yinxalenye zokunxibelelana intercellular. Ukubonelela umzimba kunye nezondlo ezaneleyo kubalulekile kunokunceda ukugcina isakhiwo oluchanekileyo ndizayo.

isondlo Optimal cellular

Inkqubo ibaluleke kakhulu echaphazela umsebenzi cellular - ukutya. Kufuneka kwenzeke kwiimeko elilelona lifanelekileyo. Kulo mzekelo, isiseko nempilo entle inwebu iseli. Kanye kufana nokwakha indlu ayikwazi bacinge ngaphandle sibeka isiseko esiluqilima, kunye, umzimba usempilweni esebenza kakuhle kufuneka ube nesiseko esiqinileyo. inkqubo nokwenziwa ebizwa izondlo ezingcakacileyo ukungena iseli ngokwayo ngokusebenzisa inwebu, nalapho umsebenzi kangangoko kufuneka babe sempilweni, ezithambileyo kunye neemeko ngeemeko.

Yintoni na umntu ababhetele isondlo yeseli? imisebenzi ebalulekileyo lwequmrhu ngalinye iqala sidle esempilweni kunye neemveliso organic. Ayifane yenzeka ukuba ukutya yesiqhelo kuquka kuphela izinto eziyimfuneko nangokomthamo apho oko kuyimfuneko ngokwenene. Apho unako ukwenza amachiza elungileyo yesondlo umgangatho emisebenzi ukunyusa umgangatho iseli amandla ukuya kwindawo ngokupheleleyo.

Seven ekuphileni

Iseli nganye inani lemisebenzi ababulawa:

• Veliswa. Zizale - yenye yeenkqubo zibalulekileyo ebomini.
• Movement. Iseli kufuneka enokususwa. Yena kusoloko kwisimo ukutshintsha imilo yayo.
• Ukutya - inkqubo olusisiseko zebhayoloji ukulondolozwa, equka iinkqubo catabolic kunye steroid.
• Uphefumla - amandla kwinkqubo pathways iseli ukwanda kunye ebizwa njalo-mali yesondlo sabantwana.

• Power. ekudleni kungenziwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo ngokuxhomekeka ingaba omzimba kwiseli enye okanye multicellular.
• Homeostasis - imo lwesilinganiso olutshintshayo eziphilayo ukusuka kwindawo yayo esebenzisa ubuncinane omnye izivamvo ezintlanu.
• Ulwabiwo - nokulahla izinto ezingafunekiyo.

Iindlela supply eziphilayo ezahlukeneyo

Amandla kuyimfuneko amandla kunye nokukhula. Bonke abantu abahlala emhlabeni abafuna ukutya. Kodwa umzimba iindlela zabo iiseli zesondlo ungahluka. Izityalo bayakwazi ukwenza ukutya kwabo iphotosynthesis. Basebenzisa kwelanga ukuguqula molekyuli ezilula carbon dioxide kunye amanzi carbohydrate ezimbaxa ngakumbi. Izilwanyana, nayo, kufuneka ukuzimela ngeendleko kwezinye izilwanyana okanye izityalo. Kulo mzekelo, inkqubo zitshintshile. Izinto ezinzima ngakumbi igqojozwe, ezilula, iimolekyuli ezincinane enyibilikayo, ezinokukwazi kusetyenziswa amandla kunye nokukhula.

Umzimba womntu ubunjwe zizigidi iibhloko ezincinane zokwakha, iyileyo ngendlela ethile ithatha inxaxheba kwiinkqubo ezibalulekileyo: yokuphefumla, imveliso yezamandla, intshukumo, ukwetyisa, ukungcola, ukuzala, kunye nabanye. Iiseli zifana imizimba ezincinane, nganye kuzo lingqongwe esingxotyeni salo olukhuselayo. Maxa wambi kuyenzeka ukuba ukukhula amandla iseli kube nzima. Oku kwenzeka ngenxa yokuba ukungahambisalani nokwenziwa kwezinto okanye yokulahla inkunkuma. Kulo mzekelo, iseli uba ziyityhefu kwaye kunokuba yingozi emzimbeni, angavumeli ukuba isebenze ngendlela efanelekileyo.