Labantu Mongolia. Yintoni ubungakanani yabemi Mongolia?

Mongolia - republic, nto leyo ise-East Asia. Le inhloko - Ulaanbaatar. Inani labantu eyinkunzi na abantu malunga 1.3 million. Emphethweni leyo engathanga kuqala ahlambe, umkile ezilwandle, kuloo ndawo (1,564,116 km ²⁾ amaxesha phantse elinanye ngaphantsi eRashiya. Mongolia kukhona omakhelwane ukuya kwicala elingasentla Russia, yaye ngasempuma, ngasezantsi kunye namacala ntshona - China. Urhulumente ethatha inxaxheba nezakhiwo UN yaye adweliswe njengombukeli kwezinye zezakhiwo ico.

imbali yeli lizwe

Kumaxesha amandulo, urhulumente bomhlaba zagutyungelwa imigxobhozo kunye namahlathi, kwaye emathafeni wazolula emaqeleni kunye basike. Xa BC 4 kulo mmandla babehlala abantu bamandulo - i Huns. Ngo-202 BC. e. phezu emazweni Mongolia namhlanje-yayiyilwe phantsi uBukhosi Huns Umyalelo Modun Shanyu. Yaba ubukhosi lokuqala zezizwe amadlelo. Bona ababelawulwa Huns e Mongolia ukuya kwiminyaka 93 n. e.

Emva kwabo bafika Mongol ulawulo, Kyrgyz kunye khans Turkish. Ngenkulungwane ye-12 Mongol isizwe uzame ukuba sibumbane ibe bengatshatanga, kodwa inkqubo ngakumbi njenge umbutho ekuhlaleni. Ngokwembali le ukuzama ukudala imo elimanyeneyo weza phantsi kwegama Hamag Mongolia.

Empire yasekwa ngo-1206 ngenxa yonxulumano kunye Genghis Khan Mongolian naseManchuria kunye nezizwe iyachithwa. Ngenxa yoko impi asebenzayo amagunya zomhlaba oluphuculweyo kakhulu. Kuye kwathathwa inxalenye China, kunye neendawo ezinkulu Asia, urhulumente Ilkhans yaye inxalenye Kievan Rus.

umda Empire kwandiswa ukuya 33 million km ² kunye nabemi 100 million. Nangona ngelo xesha wayephila abantu abazizigidi 300 ehlabathini lonke. Kodwa 1294 kwaye kwaqalisa ukuba sokonakalisa olucothayo oBukhosi Mongol. ixesha Post-Imperial yaba ulawulo Northern Yuan Dynasty.

Ngowe-1924, ngenkxaso yiSoviet Union, Mongolia lwabhengezwa People Mongolian Republic. Indlela abantu Mongolia ngoko? Inani labemi ngo-1918 kuqikelelwa kwi amawaka 647,5. Bantu.

Ngowe-1961, Mongolia yaba lilungu le-UN, yaye ngowe-1962 - ilungu leBhunga ukuze Uncedo kwezoqoqosho Mutual, likhokelwa yiSoviet Union. Ngelo xesha nye waqalisa kwenani labantu. Emva kokuba ngokuwa USSR e Mongolia kwenzeka yentando kunye noqoqosho. privatisation yoshishino, ezolimo, urhwebo kwenziwa. Ngo-1997, urhulumente uye waba lilungu WTO.

Izizwe of Mongolia

Urhulumente yi mono-yobuzwe kuluntu. Uluntu lulonke Mongolia buqikelelwa-2015 ngabantu nje abangaphezu kwezigidi ezintathu. 94% ye-akhawunti kwabemi amaqela Mongolian. Nje abahlala kwilizwe baseTurkey, ipesenti encinane amaTshayina kunye Russian.

Kukho amaqela uhlanga-Mongolian mabini Mongolian ngazo. Iqela elikhulu - Khalkha Mongols, apho abantu malunga 2.1 million (82.4% yabo bebonke). Inani elikhulu Khalkha bahlala kwimimandla esemazantsi, empuma eyintloko yelizwe. Ukuze ephilayo Durbar entshonalanga, zakhchin, Torguts, Bayati kunye Olets. Bona inzala yentshona Mongols Oirats.

Mongolia likhaya nama-101,5 amawaka. Kazakhs. uhlanga phantse-4% yabo bebonke kwaye yesibini ngobukhulu phakathi kwezizwe ezahlukeneyo abahlala Mongolia. Kazakhs elise ikakhulu kwi Bayan-Ulegeyskom aimag. On la mazwe, bafika ngenkulungwane ye-19 ukusuka kwimimandla Black Irtysh kunye eliphezulu Buhtarmy. Nangona isibakala sokuba Kazakhs ukuthetha ngolwimi lwabo, inkcubeko kunye namasiko ziyafana kakhulu nezo ze-Mongols, nto leyo evumela Kazakhs siphile ngokuvisisana isizwe ophambili kurhulumente.

Kwakhona uhlala kweli lizwe kunye nezinye izizwe qela. Buryats, umzekelo, wathabatha kumantla elo lizwe. Abameli babantu egciniweyo yesazisi abalulo, kodwa ulwimi ubukhulu becala efanayo ulwimi Khalkha. Buryats enza 1,71% yenani lilonke abemi karhulumente.

Buryat bolwimi kunye nenkcubeko kwamaqela eentlanga abahlala empumalanga. Inombolo Barghouti kuphela 2.3 amawaka. Man. Aba bantu baya ezweni Mongolian ngo-1947 evela China emntla-mpuma.

Yobuhlanga Russian wafudukela kwilizwe Mongolia kwisiqingatha sesibini kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba. Malunga ezimbini ezinesiqingatha amawaka abantu ubuzwe Russian abahlala kweli lizwe namhlanje. I-Russian yokuqala Mongolia le Amakholwa Old owabalekayo ilizwe ngenxa yentshutshiso yonqulo.

Inani yabemi Mongolia

Njengoko ka December 2015, abantu Mongolia - abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezintathu. Abahlali Annual lakhula nge-1,74%. yokukhula kwenani labemi ibonisa ukuba inani labemi unyaka ukunyuswa nonyaka. ingxinano Mongolian labantu ungabantu 1.8 square kilometre.

Ezinye izalathi yabantu kweli lizwe kunyaka-2016 thaca yi le datha ilandelayo:

• . 73.5 amawaka abantu bazalwa;
• 18.4 amawaka efile .;
• . 55 amawaka abantu ukunyuka yendalo;
• . 3 amawaka abantu ulwando yokufudukela;
• 1.499 amawaka amadoda, abafazi 1,538, nto leyo malunga 1: .. 1.

kunikwe kwakho abemi kummandla Mongolia inhomogeneous. Ukuxinana avareji yabemi Mongolia ngo-2017 yaba ngabantu 1.8 square kilometre. capital eyona ndawo inabantu karhulumente, ilikhaya omnye kwabathathu xa bebonke, iintaba Khangai kunye Orkhon Valley. nengxinano yabemi ephantsi kakhulu emazantsi, iindawo intlango kunye semi-entlango enkulu kunye bonke eyintlango.

Uqikelelo for 2017

Abahlalutyi baqikelela ukuba ngo-2017 inani yabemi Mongolia uza kunyuka. Ngenxa yoko, inani elipheleleyo abemi baseza kuba 3090 183. Thelekisa iinkcukacha zeminyaka edlulileyo e Mongolia. Ngokomzekelo, abemi ngo-2014 yaba million 2,91 ebantwini, ngaphezu kweminyaka emithathu kwenyuka ngabantu abazizigidi 0,09.

Ajongiweyo ukukhula HIV, nto leyo eya kuba ngamawaka 56. Man. Kuba 2017 kuya kuzalwa malunga 74,7 amawaka. Abantwana kufa ziliwaka 18.7. Abantu. Ukuba rates yemfuduko iya kuhlala injalo nje ngo-2016, emva koko ngo-2017 inani abahlali ngenxa yokufuduka iza kutshintsha nge 3.2 amawaka. Man. Ngenxa yoko, inani labantu beshiya Mongolia, apho kuya kubakho inani ngaphezulu iindwendwe izicwangciso kokuhlala ixesha elide kweli lizwe.

sokuphila

Mongolia, enabantu iinxalenye malunga alinganayo zisasazwa isini, akukho zimpawu ubude eliphezulu ubomi. Abantu baphila-avareji engama-65, abafazi - engama 69. Xa ndandineminyaka engama-15-49, ukufa kwamadoda phantse kathathu ngaphezu imazi.

Imbangela yokufa Mongolia - a traumatism kunye butywala. Kulo mba, ngowe-2014 wacel umthetho malunga nokusekwa kwamaqela yabantu uqeqesho, njengako apho wonke unyaka bonke abantu kufuneka bangenele axilongwe. Enye ingxaki enkulu e Mongolia, elinabemi kakhulu ubulawa ngumhlaza, izifo sentliziyo kunye nesifo sephepha - azanelisi nokungafumaneki kukhathalelo lwempilo olusemgangathweni kwezinye iindawo.

Xa yobudala

Ukususela ngoJanuwari 2017 labemi Wayemelwe ngamaqela yobudala:

• 27.3% - abantwana ukuya kutsho kwiminyaka eli-15;
• 68.7% - uluntu olukwiminyaka yokusebenza (iminyaka eli-15 ukuya 64);
• 4% - abantu yobudala yomhlala-phantsi (engama-65).

Loo unikezelo kudala eliphantsi ngokwedemografi umthwalo factor kuluntu (45.6%). Umlinganiselo kwenani labantwana kubemi ukusebenza ubudala yi 39.8%, umthwalo pension (inani abadala kubemi phakathi kwe-15 ne-64 iminyaka) kwaba 5.8%.

nokubhala

Kuqikelelwa 2 million abantu kwiminyaka engaphezu kwe-15 ubudala ukufumana okanye baye bafumana imfundo, uyakwazi ukufunda nokubhala. Yabemi Mongolia iphantse 99% yenziwe. Xa zizonke, 35.7 amawaka abantu bahlala abangafundanga.

Izinga lokufunda nokubhala amadoda yi 98,18%, abasetyhini - 98,58%. izinga lokufunda nokubhala Youth yi 98,05%.

Customs and namasiko

Iindwendwe kunye friendly Mongolia. Abemi le ngingqi wamkelekile kangangokuba ndibulisa lundwendwe ngasinye isitya iti - oko luphawu intlonelo mkhosi. Ngenxa yesithethe, igumbi labahambi kufuneka sithathe isitya ngezandla zozibini, umqondiso nombulelo ngobubele yomnini.

Tsagaan Sar (Year New) - le holide ozithandayo kakhulu. Ngale mini abantu ambethe ingubo yesizwe, yiya ku kutyelela izalamane nabahlobo. Kukholelwa ngakumbi ethekweni yeholide ke, okukhona ziya kuba abanini zendlu bahlala kunyaka ozayo.

Ke izithethe lomtshato, umfazi unyana ka ngabazali bakhe nimfunayo. Ngosuku lomtshato umyeni kufuneka kulakhela intente ngomtshakazi. Umyeni Ngosuku festive elizayo kufuneka athathe yintombazana endlwini ngabazali bakhe 'ihashe.