Isaziso browser yakho - ntoni na?

Abasebenzisi abaninzi Internet uyazibuza: "Isaziso kumkhangeli - ntoni na?" Oku kubonisa indlela ethile i-Internet, apho isicelo itransekshini eqalwe iseva engundoqo. Oku kuyachasana icala lwedatha, apho isicelo ukuze idlulise ulwazi iqalwa ngumamkeli okanye client.

Kuba isaziso iinkonzo badla zisekelwe kukhetho ulwazi va kwangaphambili. Le modeli ukuthenga le ncwadi. Client "kubhala" ulwazi "ngamajelo 'yakhe ezahlukeneyo ngumncedisi. Nanini na isiqulatho esitsha ifumaneka ngenye amajelo, umncedisi uthumela olu lwazi kuye. Izaziso isikhangeli ngamanye amaxesha emulates njengobuchule survey, ingakumbi kwiimeko apho umbuzo yokwenene akwenzeki - umzekelo, kwi-web sayithi ze-nkqubo enzima yokhuseleko ezifuna ukulahlwa izicelo HTTP / S ongenayo.

isimiso ukusebenza

inkomfa yolunye nelimdaka yimizekelo ephawulekayo oko kukhangeleka ngathi isaziso. Yintoni na kwaye isebenza njani? imiyalezo yokuxoxa kwaye ngamanye amaxesha iifayile kwabeka umsebenzisi zakuba nje zifikile yinkonzo imiyalezo. Zombini ezoba peer-to-LVS kunye neenkqubo zangaphakathi (ezifana IRC okanye XMPP) ukuvumela iifayile "push". Oku kuthetha ukuba igama umthumeli kwabakhwetha ugqithiso lwedata kunokuba kumamkeli.

E-mail kwakhona ukusebenza kunye isaziso - SMTP olandelwayo, eneneni, "push". Kunjalo, i "inyathelo 'yokugqibela ukususela umncedisi imeyile kwi computer idla wenza nokutsala-olandelwayo ezifana POP3 okanye IMAP. Le IMAP protocol ibandakanya bengasebenzi-umyalelo, nto leyo evumela umncedisi ukwazisa umxhamli ngombiko ongenayo. yokuqala BlackBerry yaba isixhobo lokuqala ezithandwayo, apho isaziso ubesoloko ethatha esebenza browser. Yintoni na kwezi izinto - bunokubonwa kule dilesi ye-imeyile (ukuba wireless).

Ntoni ngaphambili?

Omnye umzekelo PointCast Network lowo ubesazeka kule 1990. Inika iindaba kunye nemarike stock data. Ke Netscape, yona izicelo ezivela Microsoft yokuhlanganisa ibe software lwabo version ngamnye browser yabo, kodwa ayizange ezithandwayo, yaye kamva wanyamalala ngokuphelele. Iibrawuza kamva balikhupha eli ngokuya 2000 ukuya RSS - inkqubo imirhumo, apho kukho phambili ngakumbi isaziso kwi browser. Yintoni i data subscription - uyazi yonke umfundi iiblogu.

isaziso-amandla Ezinye isicelo isebenzisa web luquka iinkcukacha kwidatha market (amaxabiso stock), ingxoxo-intanethi kunye nenkqubo imiyalezo (WebChat), kwifkunyeesi, ukubheja online nemidlalo, ukubheja, consoles esweni kunye like.

Ukwaziswa kwe umkhangeli - oko namhlanje?

Isaziso nge IEFT yindlela protocol elula esebenzisa HTTP / 2 ukuya ukunikezela izaziso ekhawulezileyo (ngokuba iminxeba engenayo kunye nemiyalezo). Le protocol idibanisa zonke-time real iziganeko ngexesha elinye, nto leyo evumela ukusetyenziswa kakuhle kothungelwano kunye nerediyo resources. nkonzo yesitophu-Enye idibanisa zonke iziganeko ngokuhambisa izicelo zabo njengoko zifumaneka. Oku kufuna yeseshini enye kuphela, ngaloo ndlela sikuphephe yinkcitha xesha kunye nezithuthi.

Isaziso browser yakho - ivela kwindawo zobugcisa mbono?

HTTP-isaziso (eyaziwa ngokuba yestrimisho HTTP) sisixhobo lokuthumela idata evela browser iseva Web. Oko kunokuzuzwa nguye nawuphi na iindlela eziliqela. Ngokuqhelekileyo, umncedisi we web akuthethi ukunqumamisa uxhulumaniso emva kokuba isaziso wathunyelwa client. Le web server ishiya uxhulumaniso, kwaye apho kukho isiganeko esitsha (umzekelo, ukutshintsha idata ethunyelweyo kwi umyalezo) uboniswa ngephanyazo. Kungenjalo, esi siganeko kuya kufuneka ukuba emgqeni de isicelo umxhasi olandelayo sifunyenwe.

Uninzi web server ukuyibonelela le phawu usebenzisa CGI (umzekelo, Non-icacisiwe zeempendulo iheader Apache). Indlela yenkqubo le ndlela esephepheni transmission block. Umzekelo classic isaziso kwibrawuza "amaqabane". Yintoni na kule sayithi? Okokuqala ulwazi malunga imiyalezo engenayo kunye namanqaku "Like".

iindlela ezizezinye

Enye indlela esidityaniswe othile uhlobo lwe MIME, leyo ibizwa ngokuba multi-component replacement. Kuye kwenziwa okokuqala ngo-1995, i-Netscape, isikhangeli 'kubhabho' Itshintsha uxwebhu xa inguqulelo entsha kwiseva ifunyanwa. Yena nangoku inkxaso Firefox, Opera, Safari, yaye namhlanje, kodwa hayi kwi Internet Explorer. Le ndlela linokusetyenziswa HTML-amaxwebhu kunye ungqamanisa imifanekiso kwizicelo webcam.

Web Applications WHATWG 1.0 iquka indlela enenjongo ukutshintsha imixholo client. Uye kuye kwaziwa ukususela ngoSeptemba 1, 2006, xa Opera web browser kuphunyezwa le nkqubo intsha zovavanyo ebizwa Server-SentEvents. Sithetha nje emgangathweni njengenxenye HTML5. Kule ndlela, umncedisi usebenzisa HTTP uxhulumaniso gqolo, nto leyo impendulo isoloko "vula" (oko kukuthi, i-server akayeki impendulo), "enzayim" ngempumelelo browser yakho. Ngenxa yoko, isicelo isoloko kwi kwimo wesiqalo, emva kokuba iphepha uvule ngokupheleleyo. Umncedisi ke umana ithumela iziqwengana JavaScript ukuhlaziya isiqulatho page, ngaloo ndlela yenze isaziso. Esebenzisa le ndlela, umxhasi akuyomfuneko applets Java okanye enye Plug-in ukuze ugcine i uxhulumaniso kumncedisi - umxhasi lifumana ngokuzenzekelayo isaziso ngeziganeko ezitsha evela kwiseva. Enye ilahleko enkulu yale ndlela, nangona kunjalo, kukunqongophala wolawulo ngexesha kwibhrawuza umncedisi. Nokuhlaziya page kuyimfuneko uhlale xa kukho sexesha kwiphepha evulekileyo.

imemori data

ukuba ukhumbule nqubo ku lulodwa isaziso esifanelekileyo. It ivumela kuphela ukuba kubadlali indlela isaziso kwindawo apho akwenzeki. Umzekelo, kwi-onzima sites imigaqo yokhuseleko ezifuna ukulahlwa evela izicelo HTTP / S ongenayo. Akwenzeki ukuba isaziso kwibhrawuza (oko kukuthi, kwaye isebenza njani - jonga ngentla). Kulo mzekelo, i izicelo zomxhasi ulwazi kanye njengokuba umbuzo oluqhelekileyo, kodwa ngenxa ezilindelekileyo umncedisi ukwazi ukuphendula kwangoko. Ukuba iseva ologe kuyo nayiphi na inkcazelo entsha umxhasi xa isicelo sifunyenwe - endaweni yokuba ukuthumela impendulo engenanto, isicelo uvuliwe, kuxhomekeke ulwazi olutsha. Xa kuvela data ezinjalo, ngoko nangoko uthumela HTTP / S Ukuphendula umxhasi, ngokuzalisa le uxhulumaniso.

Emva kokufumana ngumthengi rhoqo nangoko ikhupha isicelo kwenye impendulo kumncedisi. Ngoko, avareji ixesha lokuphendula ukulibaziseka (ixesha eliphakathi xa ingcaciso iya ifumaneka, kwaye isicelo client elandelayo) ezinxulumene ne ukufika izicelo, nto leyo ngaphandle.

Socket XML

Isaziso kwibhrawuza yakho, ezisebenzela ngoncedo yale ndlela, kusetyenziswa CBOX kunye nezinye izicelo eqalisa. Isebenzisa izinto Socket XML kwiifayile single-pixel AdobeFlash. Phantsi kolawulo umxhasi JavaScript simisela uqhagamshelwano TCP kwi ezalathelwe uphuhliso oluthambileyo kumncedisi. Isicelo kulo mzekelo uhlala engekafundwa, endaweni, esiludumbo uthumela umxhasi into ebonakalisayo eyahlukileyo ngoko nangoko. isicelo HTTP senziwa ngoko ke umncedisi we web, leyo iqulathe Umchongi ifunyenwe. Isicelo web ke akhuphe umyalezo eya umxhasi kwi local server interface relay, leyo adlulisele kubo nge Flash. Okuhle kule ndlela kukuba usebenzisa asymmetry endalo kufundeka-bhala.

Oku ngokuqhelekileyo izicelo web-based abaninzi, kuquka amagumbi chat, kwaye, ngenxa yoko, eqinisekisa ukusebenza eliphezulu. Ekubeni ke akathanga yamkela data kwi neziseko ephumayo, umncedisi akulindelekanga ukuba kufuna unxulumano TCP eziphumayo, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ukusekwa kwamashumi amawaka uxhulumaniso ngaxeshanye. Ngoko kukho isaziso isikhangeli kwi "abafundi" kwiinkonzo ezithile Site.

Iinkonzo isaziso efumanekayo

Olu phawu iyafumaneka kwiinkonzo ezininzi ezixhasa ezi zinto zikhankanywe apha ngasentla. Njengoko sele kuchaziwe, isaziso isikhangeli - lithuba lokuba ukufumana imiyalezo ekhawulezileyo kunye nezaziso, ngaphandle ukulayisha ikhasi. Services, apho le nkonzo ifumaneka, ziquka:

• Apple Isaziso Service.
• Google kwamafu.
• "Abafundi".
• Facebook.
• Xtremepush.
• Amazon SNS.