Ingqondo wakho uya badala njani ngokukhawuleza? Izazinzulu ziye zachongwa zofuzo eziphambili

ingqondo wakho angaqala ubudala kakhulu ngokukhawuleza xa uvula engama-65 ubudala. Okanye mhlawumbi ukuqala. Kubonakala, kuxhomekeke koko uguqulelo lwe isakhi ethile efumaneka ufuzo. Kuyinto izazinzulu ziye zafumanisa kwizifundo kutshanje. Abaphandi baye bafumanisa sofuzo elawula isantya ingqondo yakho ukwaluphala, yaye kwangaxeshanye babanga ukuba uhlobo oluthile le gene bangayinika ukhuseleko nxamnye inani elikhulu kwezifo luvo ezinxulumene-age ezifana komqondo saka.

Gene ukuba kunokukukhusela sengqondo esixhalabisayo?

Le gene, ekuthiwa TMEM106B, iqala ukwenza ngeenxa ngexesha umntu eyeka engama-65 ubudala. Kungekudala emva koko, xa abantu babe khona inguqulo embi zofuzo, ingqondo uya kukhangela iminyaka 10-12 wayemdala ubuchopho kwabo bantu abathe bafumana khona elungileyo, uguqulelo olululo sofuzo. Le lokufumanisa kunokunceda oogqirha ekuboneni abantu engozini ingenzeka kweemeko sifo luvo ngenxa yokuba kufuneka inguqulelo ombi sofuzo. Kwakhona kunceda ekudalweni amayeza, ifuthe eza kujoliswe kwi-gene ukunika abantu abane ubuchopho enempilo ukwaluphala.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kubo bonke zofuzo

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, oosonzululwazi baye bafumanisa inani elikhulu yemfuza ezinxulumene nesifo Alzheimer kunye Parkinson kunye nezinye izifo luvo. Nangona kunjalo, ezi gene bayakwazi ukuchaza kuphela inxalenye encinane ezi zifo. Njengoko sisazi namhlanje, umngcipheko factor esingundoqo isifo neurodegenerative into ukwaluphala. Into utshintsho engqondweni xa bekhula, kwaye oku kukhokelela kukuba ube ezithandwa kakhulu sisifo ebuchotsheni. Imiyalelo lwezakhi unika TMEM106B gene mhlawumbi ukuba "into." Kwaye la maqela ungakwazi noba ezikhusela iingxaki ezibangelwa abalupheleyo okanye kubangele kubo. Ukuba ujonga iqela labantu abadala, abanye kubo baya kukhangela ezindala ngaphezu kwabanye, yaye ezinye -molozhe. Kanye umahluko efanayo ukwaluphala iqatshelwe neuron ngokungqalileyo, ummandla zobuchopho a onoxanduva iinkqubo ingcinga entsonkothileyo.

Uphando olutsha kwi imvelaphi yangaphambili

izifundo Previous baye bahlanganisa le sofuzo kunye uhlobo onge sengqondo esiyingozi ekuthiwa yamehlo frontotemporal. Kodwa isifundo esitsha lubonisa ukuba oku gene kakhulu oluxhomekeke ngokubanzi kunye nokuguga ingqondo kwaye igqiba indlela kakuhle abantu abadala bagcine umsebenzi wabo ngokwasengqondweni. Ukuze ubone oko ukulawula ukuguga ingqondo, abaphandi ezimbini zihlalutywe ulwazi yemfuza ukusuka ngaphezulu kwama-1200 iisampulu ingqondo yomntu obuphezu kwabo bantu abangazange unesigulo nasiphi na isifo neurodegenerative xa zazisaphila. Bagxila kwi embalwa ezilikhulu izakhi mhlawumbi ukwandisa ukusebenza ngaphambili okanye ihliswe ngexesha ngokwaluphala kwabantu. Izazinzulu ziye zenza itshati yezi data, leyo kuthiwa "ukwaluphala lock". Le grafu ibonisa umahluko phakathi langoku (okanye ngokulandelelana) ubudala ingqondo kwaye iminyaka yakhe.

Yintoni na peculiarity yale sofuzo?

Enye gene, i TMEM106B enye, wema kuphuma abaseleyo, ebonisa ngokwalo njengoko umahluko ekugugeni-injini. Kubonakala ukuba le gene ilawula nokudumba nelahleko luvo engqondweni. Kodwa lo gene na iintlobo ezimbini, hayi kanye mandithi, alleles ezimbini: eyokuqala lu dityanisiwe nengozi eyonyukileyo ukuguga olukhawulezisiweyo ingqondo, lo gama enye i ukuguga zokuzikhusela ukuthintela yanda. Umntu nganye iinguqulelo ezimbini kule sofuzo kwigenome, kunye nama-amathathu ekhulwini labantu ezi iinguqulelo ezimbini - embi. Amahlanu ekhulwini labemi, omnye allele na zokuzikhusela, kunye nezinye iimpembelelo ezingalunganga kwi ingqondo, kakuhle, kwaye eseleyo amabini pesenti alleles ezimbini zokhuselo.

Iintlobo lwendibaniso, yaye le yindlela izinto

Njengokuba kude njengoko kugwetywa ngeli xesha, isiphumo esibi alleles ezimbini yongeza. Oku kuthetha ukuba ubuchopho bomntu, nto leyo eye alleles amabini athabathayo, ikhangeleka kweminyaka emihlanu ubudala ubuchopho abantu abaye omnye kuphela allele ezimbi. Kwaye ubuchopho babo, yena, ikhangeleka kweminyaka emihlanu ubudala ubuchopho abo bantu abo bangenalo alleles ezimbi. Ngoko enye yeengcinga eziphambili malunga isakhi lowo kwakhe kwi TMEM106B elawula impendulo yenkqubo kwi ingqondo yomntu xa stressors ubudala. Njengenxalenye yesifundo enye, abaphengululi wajonga ubuchopho abo ngexesha lokudla kwakhe ubomi ndinesifo isifo i-Alzheimer okanye Huntington waza wafumana kanye isenjalo zofuzo kwi ekugugeni ingqondo. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba eli gene uba ngempumelelo xa ufikelela kubudala 65, phambi kokuba bonke abantu phezu kwinqanaba elifanayo.