Malini idola kwi USSR? Indlela ukutshintsha idola ngexesha eSoviet?

Malini idola kwi USSR? Ukuze ukuba oku nidinise umfundi, kanye ubhukisho, ngokomlinganiselo, amathandathu eesenti! Kwaye ngoku iinkcukacha ezingaphezulu.

Kungekudala emva ukuvela i-USSR wakhupha umthetho ukuba amazinga otshintshiselwano aya kusetwa liSebe ngurhulumente. kwintengiselwano Foreign kuncitshiswe, kwaye dollar ke ezilawulwa ngokungqongqo.

Kuyo Kwisiqingatha sesibini kule nkulungwane yamashumi amabini kwi-USSR dollar yayilingana ngaphantsi engange enye, yaye oko phambi kuphela bembalwa kakhulu abantu, kwaye inani eliqingqiweyo ezifunekayo uhambo phesheya okanye kwezinye iimeko ezizodwa.

Zonke izibalo kwenziwa kuphela engange kunye ukuthenga nokuthengisa lwemali amazwe unokuchaza kuphela yebhanki.

ngerandi dollar kwi-USSR kwisiqingatha sokuqala kule nkulungwane yamashumi amabini

Emva yotshintsho ka-1924 wayelingana engange-2 22 kopecks.

IMfazwe Enkulu Yobuzwe, inkqubo yezimali ye-USSR wamelana ngesidima, nangona ubunzima imali kunyuke phantse kane. Thelekisa, e-Italy kuye kwenyuka buhlanti-ezilishumi, yaye Japan - kule elinanye.

Nangona kunjalo, kunye imali eyintsalela kwakukho nezinye iingxaki: ene- yorhwebo kunye nemarike amaxabiso, kunye nemali efakwe kwi kucebisa beyifuna.

EBretton Woods inkomfa kunye bayahlelwa dollar

Nokuba ekupheleni kwemfazwe, ngowe-1944, e eBretton Woods (USA) ngowama-International Monetary and Financial Conference, ubuhanjelwe mane anesine lithi, kuquka eSoviet Union. Ngelo xesha yaye yasekwa yi-International Monetary Fund kunye Bank International for Reconstruction and Development.

America iye kucetywa ukuba ukulungisa amaxabiso igolide kwi $ 35 nganye troy ounce - umgangatho ekuthiwa-igolide. Dollar wavakalisa lwemali reserve yehlabathi. E Fort Knox, umgcini US koovimba igolide, igolide ithuthwa kumazwe aliqela aseYurophu. Ngenxa yoko, 75 ekhulwini zegolide lehlabathi agcinwe khona.

ESoviet Union iimeko ezizodwa wokungenela umyalelo ngaphandle igcina US zegolide ezifundiswayo. Kodwa kwezinye iimeko ecetywayo yokungena kulo mbutho, ubunkokeli eli lizwe kwabonakala akwamkelekanga, kwaye eSoviet Union ayikhange izivumelwano sivumelwano.

iinguqu kwempi Stalin kaThixo

Stalin liqalise kokuzimela lwemali kazwelonke. iinguqulelo emali, Noko ke, kwacwangciswa phambi kokuba inkomfa ngamazwe, kodwa wagqiba phezu kwabo sele kanye de kuye ekupheleni kuka-1947.

imali yayisenziwa wotshintshiselwano, ukuba uninzi lwabantu asinda ngaphandle umonakalo. Nomvuzo yahlala injalo. Iidipozithi kutsho ku amawaka amathathu engange kwakutshintshiselwana enye ukuya kwenye, ezintathu ukuya ishumi lamawaka - omnye kwisithathu ukwehla, kwaye ngaphezu alishumi lamawaka - ukuncitshiswa ngokuxhomekeke esithathwini-ngayo imali. Ngelo xesha lirhoxise inkqubo ikhadi. Kwathi kwangoko kunokuba kwamanye amazwe-abaphumeleleyo. Yehlise ixabiso lempahla ngemiyinge emincinci - iimveliso kunye neemveliso zoshishino. Ngoko ukuze kupheliswe iziphumo kweMfazwe Patriotic Enkulu kwinkqubo emali, nangoncedo imali yawa ubuncinane izihlandlo ezithathu.

Ebutsheni bowe-1950, Stalin wayalela ukuba kubalwe umlinganiselo omtsha wonaniselwano engange. Bezimali, ukubala zonke wanikela engange-14 dollar ngalinye. Malini idola kwi USSR phambi kokuba uguqulelo? 53 engange. Stalin, Noko ke, wayalela ukunciphisa ngakumbi izinga le engange ngokuchasene dollar. Kuninzi, yintoni umntu wayenokulindela - into engange-4 omnye dollar US.

Lwemali kazwelonke ye-USSR wasiwa ukuba zeendawana yegolide, ngokwenjenjalo lokusula isikhonkwane dollar. Ixabiso lokuthenga gram zegolide nganye nguRhulumente Bank iye yasekwa engange-4 45 kopecks. Ngenxa yoko, Stalin waluthethelela engange ngokuchasene dollar, njengoko intsalela yemali United States sele efunde kwilizwe lakhe ekujongwe ukuba ukudlulisela kwamanye amazwe, kumiselwa ngale ndlela iingxaki zabo nokunyanzelisa kubo kwabanye.

Forum International Moscow

Ngowe-1952 eMoscow yasingatha iforam, ecetywayo ekudalweni imarike eqhelekileyo, eza simahla ukususela yempembelelo US dollar kwaye iza kusebenza counterweight US ukwandiswa isiVumelwano Jikelele ngomhla lwamaxabiso kunye noRhwebo. Yamazwe aseYurophu ukuba phantsi koxinzelelo evela US.

amazwe emashumi mane aneminyaka esithoba abavumi ukuba ingenise dollar, wathabatha inxaxheba kweli qonga. Kwasayinwa izivumelwano ezininzi kwaye enunciates umgaqo ngaphandle kwentlawulo wase US, ithuba unaniselwano, kudityaniso nkqubo, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo iinzuzo njalo-njalo.

Kodwa ke ngo-1953, Stalin wafa. Kwaye ilizwe ngcembe waqalisa ukuba emke imigaqo ebhengeziweyo, ukunyenyisa dollar. Isiqulatho igolide engange sicuthiwe buhlanti-ezilishumi, yaye minyaka kwaye lupheliswe ngokupheleleyo. ESoviet Union waqala ukunika amanye amazwe kunye izinto cheap ekrwada, kunye noovimba negolide waqalisa anyibilike ngokukhawuleza. Kodwa kamva.

Moscow Narodny Bank eLondon

Ngowe-1956, i-yiSoviet Union, ukuze uphephe US ukwayo, egqiba ukutshintshela iimali ekhoyo evela kwiibhanki US kwi-United Kingdom - e Moscow Narodny Bank eLondon. Yena unika credit encinane, Noko ke, oku yendlela kwinkqubo yogcino US. imali zadluliselwa njengoko kwezinye zebhanki eSoviet ibekwe phesheya - Paris Eurobank. iidola Kamva baba ejikeleza kwimarike zemali yaseYurophu, nabizelwa Eurodollars.

Intsongelo ukuya lwemali lwehlabathi kunye neziphumo zazo zokuqala

Le nkqubo yaqala ukuna bebodwa. Xa gqira, inani zeerandi ngaphandle United States ufikelele kwinqanaba zonke loovimba zegolide waseMerika. Kwangaxeshanye, Sharl De Gaulle efunekayo igolide French emva ngenxa dollar kuyirhola. Emva kokuba iinkokeli France kunye namanye amazwe baqalisa ukuthetha into enye. Emva koko ngokuyinxenye wawushiya umyalelo gold.

Ngeminyaka, eUnited States ukunciphisa isiqulatho legolide imali yayo. Ngowe-1971, ukuguqulwa dollar i kwigolide yaphela.

Kangakanani kubiza idola kwi USSR

I dollar yayeka ukuba yindawo ekhuselekileyo, kwaye masivalwe yonke akhawunti dollar. kwabanjwa abaninzi eyayifunwa dollar yelo eSoviet Union. Nangona dollar kwi USSR (1975) 75 eesenti. Kwafuneka Umkhuba ogudileyo ezantsi ukuya kopecks 60.

Kule yee-, inqanaba kushishino waqhubeka kuvuka. Kunye engange 679 billion ngo-1980, lo shishino iye yakhula engange-819 ezigidi ngo-1990. intengiso lepesenti-10 kuphela. Kwaye neentengo kwamanye amazwe ezahlukeneyo ngexesha le minyaka uluhlu lwe iphawu lokwengeza okanye lokucutha engange 70 billion.

Valorous Democrats Ndingathanda ukuvakalisa ukuba idola US ngokuchasene engange eSoviet Union ngaloo minyaka kwimarike amnyama bananise ngeqondo kakhulu, yahluke kakhulu kwigosa. Kulungile, ngoko ke kufuneka nje ukuba benze uhlahlelo kancinane. Ukuba ngaba kukho umahluko omkhulu, njengokuba abanye bathi ukuba kwenzeka, kuya entla kwempahla zazahluke kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, la manani kuphantse kulingana.

Izinga dollar ezisemthethweni USSR-1970 de kube sekupheleni yee- zazisuka eesenti 90 ukuya ku-60 Ekupheleni kwale yee- de kwawa yiSoviet Union, wabekwa kunye notshintsho oluncinane yi kopecks 60.

Isiphelo ubukho eSoviet Union,

Ngowe-1991, ixabiso idola kwi USSR waba ilingana no-1 engange 85 kopecks. Oku kwenzeka ngenxa yokuba i-Bank State waqalisa ukuba sithengise i-dollar waba ngexabiso - ezentengiso. Noko ke, ngelo xesha eneneni kwi ngomgunyathi ixabiso idola kwi USSR wawusuka engange-30 ukuya 43. Ukususela kowe-1992 dollar waqala emarikeni. Kwaye ngasekupheleni 1992, eSoviet Union kusaba.

izinto zanamhlanje

Malini idola eSoviet Union, kubalulekile ukuba ukhumbula ekukhanyeni zokwenene zanamhlanje. Ekupheleni koo kunye neminyaka emibini sewaka ezipokothweni abemi Russian bahlala zeerandi ukwenzela ukuba inani kratya elijikeleza kuphela eUnited States of America ngokwayo.

Kungoku nje, urhulumente kwakhona laqalisa ukuzimela engange. Nangona kunjalo, akukho ludilike ngoku apho, wonke eRashiya unako ukuveza izimvo zabo, yaye musa sibe nesimo sengqondo yabakungcangcazelisayo ibe ngabantu, leyo ngexesha Stalin kaThixo. Ngoko, kwiintsuku nje ezimbalwa ukuphumeza zonke iinguqu eziyimfuneko, njengoko kwakunjalo kwiminyaka asixhenxe eyadlulayo, akunakwenzeka. Russia zibandakanyeke kakhulu kwi ukuxhomekeka dollar, kwaye ama-melo kuqhubeka ukulukuhla urhulumente ukuqhubeka dollar indlela. Kuza kufuneka abe nomonde, inkalipho nokuzimisela ukuba alwe US ukwanda ukuba umbuso ozimeleyo ngokupheleleyo.