Economy: Science and Agriculture (grade 11). Imizekelo ezoqoqosho njenge inzululwazi kunye noqoqosho

Igama elithi "Uqoqosho" imvelaphi zamandulo zamaGrike. Luhlanganisa nje ezimbini mazwi: "umthetho" kunye "uqoqosho". E ngokoqobo ingqikelelo "kuqoqosho" kufuneka ukuthetha malunga noqoqosho, oluqhutywa ngokuthobela ngokupheleleyo imithetho, imimiselo kunye nemithetho.

imbali

Kuqoqosho yamandulo Greece wathi kwimo yaso yendalo - yaba uqoqosho lokwenene. ekukhuliseni ezoqoqosho lobuqu Science kunye noqoqosho ngaloo mihla zazijoliswe kuphela. Xa sihlalutya inkcazelo yegama elithi 'kuqoqosho "kwi nentsingiselo yalo yantlandlolo, kwachazwa ngokuba" ubugcisa ndyangu. "

Ukutolikwa yanamhlanje kuqoqosho

Kwiminyaka engaphezu kwama amawaka amabini ukususela ekuqalisweni yegama elithi "kuqoqosho." Science and uqoqosho Okwangoku itshintshe kakhulu. Ngoku le ngcamango wabeka intsingiselo ngandlel 'ithile. Ngoko ke yintoni na uqoqosho? Science and uqoqosho obanzi. Okt isixa zonke izinto, izixhobo, izinto zeli hlabathi ngokomoya yaye eziphathekayo, ezisetyenziswa ngabantu ukuqinisekisa iimeko zokuphila endilisekileyo, kwakunye ulwaneliseko ngokupheleleyo zonke iimfuno. Kule meko, uqoqosho - inzululwazi kunye nezolimo xa lilonke, indoda kusetyenziswa ukuphucula iimeko zokuphila kunye nokudala inkqubo ubomi inkxaso.

Ukongeza, lingakwazi angamelwa njengendlela yokuziqeqesha kwezoqoqosho ezahlukeneyo ezinxulumene nemisebenzi yabantu, nto leyo ehambisana nalo. Imizekelo ezoqoqosho njenge inzululwazi kunye noqoqosho ukuqinisekisa ukubaluleka kweli candelo ukuze agcine ngexesha eziqhelekileyo kwezoqoqosho phakathi zonke nxaxheba kubomi. Ngako oko, ukubaluleka kwale uqeqesho kunzima ukuba zazi - umsebenzi womntu mihla zinxulumene kakhulu kuyo.

lwesigama

Economics - inzululwazi kunye noqoqosho ngexesha elifanayo okanye ukwabelana la magama? amagama nje amabini ezikhoyo iincwadi IsiNgesi: "economics" yaye "uqoqosho". Eyokuqala ibandakanya ithiyori, kwaye kwikota yesibini ubonakalise nokubonakaliswa endalo kuqoqosho. Ngenxa lwahlulo, izazinzulu bakwazi ukuqalisa ingcaciso ekuqondeni iziseko theoretical component kuqoqosho. Ukongeza kwimbono injongo ube inkqubo ethile kwezoqoqosho kunye iseti ulwazi malunga nenkqubo, ezinye mbono ulincamathisele kule ingqiqo elinye ixabiso. Ngokutsho kwakhe, uqoqosho iphawulwa nolwalamano ezivela phakathi kwabantu ngenxa iinkqubo zemveliso, iimpahla yabathengi, utshintshiselwano, ukusasazwa kweemveliso.

Uqoqosho esikolweni mihla

Inzululwazi izindlu zokuhlala abantu, ngokunjalo nobudlelwane esekwe kwinkqubo - konke oku uqoqosho (inzululwazi kunye noqoqosho). 11 eklasini ukufunda izinto ezinjalo kwisifundo eyahlukileyo. Abantwana nje anikele iziseko theoretical component kuqoqosho lwehlabathi lwasekhaya, kodwa ufundisa indlela noqoqosho, ukuba isixa-mali ngokuchanekileyo. Lonke olu lwazi uyakwazi ukubonisa abaphulaphuli ingqeqesho ezifana "Economy: Science and Industry". umxholo emfutshane le khosi ibandakanya amacandelo ezininzi eziphambili: lujolise uphuculo ekhaya, ukubunjwa ubuchule ukwabela ingeniso ukuhlawulela iinkonzo zoluntu, ukufumana imali kunye nempahla, imfundo, ezolonwabo. Ngaphandle ekubeni izakhono ezinjalo abantu abashiya isikolo kuya kuba nzima ukuba ukuqhelana kwibutho lanamhlanje. Ngoko ke, i ikhosi "Economics: Science and Industry" (Grade 11) ejoliswe ukwakha imbono abafundi ngokwaneleyo imiba enxulumene izixhobo eziphathekayo.

umnotho karhulumente

Ukuze siyiqonde kakuhle eli ingqeqesho, kuyimfuneko ukuba siqwalasele kakuhle. Nangona isibakala sokuba kukho 'ikhaya "uqoqosho (inzululwazi kunye nezolimo), eyona nto ibalulekileyo - emva zonke ukuqonda ezi iinkqubo kwinqanaba likazwelonke. Umda wale nkcazo ziquka, ebandakanya imveliso eziphathekayo. Umzekelo, kusenokuba kubandakanya ezolimo, ishishini, izithuthi, ukwakhiwa. Ukuya kutsho kwisikhundla kolawulo karhulumente kwisigaba non-imveliso, imisebenzi kukuthi yabantu abavelisa impahla zokomoya, imithombo yolwazi. Ngokomzekelo, impilo uluhlu intsimi, ubugcisa, inkcubeko, imfundo.

Yonke imisebenzi yezoqoqosho kwilizwe liphela ijolise ekudaleni ubutyebi, ngokutsha zabo, ngesifo sephepha kunye exchange. Loo uluhlu ubudlelwane phakathi kwabantu ukufunda esikolweni economics. Science and komnotho kuxoxwa ngokufutshane kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo. Esi sifundo mba wafundisa 1 Ixesha ngeveki kwinqanaba isiseko kwaye isixa iiyure 2-3 kwindawo ngoqeqesho nophuculo. Isifundo iphendula le mibuzo: "Kuba lowo?", "Njani?" "Yintoni?". Abafundi bafumana ulwazi oluneenkcukacha malunga neendlela zokulawula angathathi ntweni, iququzelele bacoca zabo, ukusetyenziswa eyiyo kwezibonelelo zendalo.

ukwahlukana Economics

Le inzululwazi yahlulwe kuqoqosho macro, nasakhasayo kunye jikelele, echaphazela iinkqubo jikelele ngakumbi. Micro imele indawo kubudlelwane koqoqosho, ezi zinto zinxulumene ngeenkonzo ezahlukeneyo kunye nabavelisi, ukubunjwa zefama mzekelo iinkampani ngamnye mveliso ezincinane. Oku kuthetha ubukho abathengi abaqhelekileyo, abanini, abasebenzi, kunye namakhaya (iintsapho), amashishini (iinkampani).

Injongo microeconomics

Microeconomics i isebe ezoqoqosho ukuba lifunda imisebenzi nxaxheba ezahlukeneyo kwinkalo yezoqoqosho. Ukuba umculo uyandinceda abathengi baqonde iimveliso kunye neenkonzo ezinikezelwa yi abenzi, ukwenza ukhetho olufanelekileyo. Eli candelo uzinika ingqalelo kwingxaki yokuziphatha eliphezulu leenkampani ngazinye kwimarike namhlanje ukuze ukunciphisa iindleko eziphathekayo bafumane iinzuzo zemali kakhulu.

umongo macroeconomic

Yintoni ikhosi "Economics: inzululwazi kunye noshishino '? Table, nto leyo ebonisa iimpawu yayo ephambili, wazisa abantwana kunye nemigomo esisiseko.

Umzekelo, abafundi ingakumbi high school bafunda Uqoqosho lwesizwe. Le yinxalenye yezoqoqosho, equka iinkqubo ibakho kwisikali koqoqosho lwehlabathi. Uqoqosho lwesizwe ithathwa xa iyonke. Njengoko isiseko eziphathekayo ukuze Uqoqosho ukhonza ubutyebi yesizwe wadala ngezandla yezizukulwana ngezizukulwana. Kungenxa yoko le nto uqoqosho - inzululwazi kunye nezolimo. Theory nokuziqhelanisa bacebisa ukuba kuqwalaselwe efanelekileyo kubalulekile nganye imiba karhulumente efana emali abadala, ezoqoqosho kunye ndinyuka, ngqesho, uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali karhulumente. Iingcali zizama ukufumana izisombululo kwiingxaki ejongene urhulumente. Umzekelo, ukuba yokunciphisa ngqesho, ekukhawuleziseni ukukhula koqoqosho, ukunciphisa umsantsa phakathi kwilizwe lethu kunye namandla yaseYurophu.

Iingxaki of Economics Modern

kukho iingcali zoqoqosho Russian ochaphazelekayo isikakhulu umbuzo ekufumaneni iindlela ukwandisa ukusebenza loqoqosho lwesizwe, ohlaziya kumaziko kuqoqosho karhulumente, iinketho zophendlo utshintsho yorhwebo eRashiya, ukwandisa imveliso kwempahla kunye neenkonzo ezisemgangathweni.

Uqoqosho lilizwe okhethekileyo, ezele kunye nemithetho yabo kunye nemiqobo. Kukho eziphikisanayo ezininzi, kodwa kuxhomekeke izinto zakhe kakuhle nokuba abemi, ithuba lokuba ukutyelela umboniso, ukuze bafundise abantwana ukuze aqhelane ixabiso lenkcubeko. Kunye olufanelekileyo umbutho yoqoqosho izinto zolonwabo kunye nomsebenzi ziza kuququzelelwa ngeyona ndlela yaye esisiso. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba nawuphi na umsebenzi koqoqosho kuthathwa kwezoqoqosho. Umzekelo, kwihlabathi lamandulo kunye kumaXesha Aphakathi, kwakukho ngabafakwa uviko amakhoboka kunye ngamakhoboka. Ngaba kunokwenzeka ukuba ukuthetha kolawulo version yezoqoqosho? Ngokuqinisekileyo akunjalo. Kuphela elisaqalayo kwi ukuzimela kunye nenkululeko abavelisi, ukufumana ilungelo kwi "output" yabo emarikeni iziphumo zemisebenzi yabo, ukuba amisele ixabiso layo ziya kuqwalaselwa inxaxheba ngokwenene kwinkqubo yezoqoqosho. Oko kukuthi, kufuneka ube imiba akhoyo ukuba kuthetha ubukho lotshintshiselwano kunye norhwebo.

isiphelo

Izazinzulu ezininzi mihla, abezoqoqosho bathetha i 'inqwanqwa' uphuhliso kwezoqoqosho. imveliso ikhaya eziqhelekileyo yaphuhliswa kwinqanaba lokuqala. Inqanaba lesibini luphawulwa ukuyilwa kuqoqosho, kunye isiphumo ukuba kukho nayiphi na kumenzi ethile, kukho kutshintshiselwano kunye norhwebo. Isigaba sesithathu kukuba uqoqosho eziphuhlileyo emarikeni. Le ndlela Kuyaqondakala yaye kufanelekile, njengoko inokusetyenziswa ukwahlula phakathi yesinyanzelo ndlongondlongo inxaxheba kwimisebenzi yezoqoqosho (umsebenzi "phantsi Eziniyeni"), ukungabikho ukuzimela, bengathabathanga abasebenzi inyathelo, okanye uqoqosho, oluba phezu kwemimiselo inkululeko yomthengi kunye umenzi, bethatha ukhetho.

Yintoni indima ishishini abantu namhlanje? Abagxeki bakholelwa ukuba akukho msebenzi ubalulekileyo, phawula ophambili ngokomoya kunye nophuhliso lwenkcubeko iinzuzo eziphathekayo kunye neemfuno. Kodwa kukho abo siyaqiniseka ngokubaluleka nto iinkqubo zoqoqosho. ukuma kwawo, baqhutywa yokuba ukuze isifundo ezikhumbuzo zenkcubeko umntu kufuneka abe nophahla elungileyo phezu kwentloko yenu, ukushushubeza phezulu, hamba uye kunxiba, badle. Ukuba uphuhliso loqoqosho kwinqanaba elithile kudala iimeko kangangoko ubomi babantu, yaye uya kuba nako ukufumana ixesha umsebenzi ngokwasengqondweni. Ukuze kwakhiwe urhulumente kufuneka ibe uphuculo oluqhubekayo ubugcisa kunye nezixhobo. Kuphela kule meko imilinganiselo yokomoya kuza kucaca, ngenxa yokuba lo mntu akayi ukuba bachithe ixesha befuna amathuba ngokwanelisa iimfuno eziphathekayo. Formation inkcubeko koqoqosho isizukulwana mihla kungumsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu, ngoko kwizikolo eziziisekondari yanika umlinganiselo kwezoqoqosho (10-11 eklasini).