Hymenoptera: inkcazelo, iintlobo, abameli eziphambili kunye nesakhiwo

Izinambuzane zingafunyanwa yonke - in kumahlathi eziphathekayo esi sixeko, ethafeni, ehlathini, kumathafa, intlango yaye apho kusoloko kukho ikhephu iqabaka. Ngamanye amaxesha abaqondi ukuba indlela ezintle ehlabathini. Kwi umhlaba omiweyo zizigidi izinto eziphilayo ezahlukeneyo. Kweli nqaku, siza ukuhlalutya ngokweenkcukacha, yintoni na Hymenoptera. Cinga zonke iintlobo zeHPV zingonobangela kunye neempawu zazo.

ulwazi jikelele

Udidi Hymenoptera iqulethe sub-iintlobo ezithile 300,000 of izinambuzane. Ngamnye kubo ngambini kuzo amaphiko eselubala iiseli elikhulu kunene. Le iincakuba, leyo ziphambi, njengokuba umthetho, lungaphezu ngasemva. All Hymenoptera lahlulwe yokuphila ngokwendidi ezintathu: ezizingelayo, amakhalane kunye ezidla izinambuzane.

Ngu Hymenoptera ziquka oonomeva, iinyosi, iinyosi bumble, iimbovane kunye nabanye. Bambalwa abantu abaziyo ukuba bahlala kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo apho kukho mnye kuphela izinambuzane enkulu. Okumangalisayo kukuba, yonke imisebenzi xa ngokulungelelana zisasazwe. iqela izinambuzane ezithile onoxanduva isenzo esisodwa ngasinye. Kukholelwa ukuba olu didi izinambuzane bahlala ngokupheleleyo kuzo zonke iindawo ehlabathini.

Iintlobo Hymenoptera zahluke kakhulu ngokwaneleyo. Kukho iindidi ezimbini kuphela iintlobo - kunye Symphyta apocrita. Eyokuqala ke izinambuzane abangekaphuhli ngakumbi ukuba zidle izinto eziphilayo.

Iimpawu yokuza-

Hymenoptera order of izinambuzane iphawulwa uhlobo ingqiqo yokuseka umgangatho. Ziintubi, umzekelo, zona iintlobo ezahlukeneyo, musa ukuba enjalo. Intsapho Hymenoptera, njengoko umthetho, kukho ukumkanikazi enye kuphela. Kwisiqingatha sokuqala yobomi bakhe, wenza enye kuphela yokubhabha ukusukelwa, isitokhwe amadlozi ukuba ixesha lonke lobomi, apho malunga ne-10 iminyaka.

Kwamadlozi female eqokelelweyo isebenzisa rhoqo ukuchumisa amaqanda, leyo zikhuthazwa phecana akhe enzala. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba yonke inkqubo yezichumiso oocytes. Banako ukuba omnye okanye kabini iseti zofuzo.

Hymenoptera ongenaye uyise. Onke amalungu entsapho enye iseti efanayo zofuzo kufunyanwe imazi. Kuphela ukumkanikazi yona iperi inani labo.

iimpawu zezakhiwo

Njengokuba besesitshilo ngaphambili, Hymenoptera kufuneka ngambini ngamaphiko. Njengomgaqo, ngaphambili elide umva. Phezu kwentloko Mthovu Hymenoptera ibekwe. zenyathi nganye baye isakhiwo zazo zithwala. Inani labo wahluka ukususela nge-2 ukuya kuma-70, yaye phezu kwentloko yakhe, nabo amehlo ukuba isakhiwo kakhulu ezintsonkothileyo. Okumangalisayo kukuba, ezinye iimbovane ngokupheleleyo into ukuze ubone. Befumana indlela yabo isiduli zabo ishiywe ngenxa ukuba iphunga pheromone.

iinyani ezinika umdla malunga iimbovane

Ant - a Hymenoptera encinane. Inani kweentlobo ingaphezulu kwe-8000. Kukholelwa ukuba iimbovane ezi efana kakhulu emntwini.

Iimbovane nanini bangayidlayo bafumana. Beninikela ukutya kwindlwane. Abo abantu musa ukuba, ukubulala izinambuzane. Iimbovane lelonani rhoqo ukutya up for ebusika. Emini basityathe ngaphandle ukuba zome, yaye ebusuku wangena kwakhona. Kukholelwa ukuba iimbovane babe sokuba yemozulu, kuba ezingomanga ukuvuna phambi imvula.

Bambalwa abantu bazi, kodwa ummeli zindala izazinzulu American baye bafumanisa kwenye elunxwemeni. umzimba lwembovane ibekwe yegolide evuthiweyo. Ngokutsho kweengcali, ubudala kufunyenweyo ezizigidi ezili-130. Ngokumangalisayo, iimbovane - la izinto eziphilayo kuphela, ngaphandle abantu bakhule izilwanyana, oko kukuthi iintwala.

Kukholelwa ukuba iimbovane ukuba ubuchopho inkulu emhlabeni ngokunxulumene emzimbeni wakho. Okunye okunika umdla - yeyona nokungalali. Okumangalisayo kukuba, lo umyalelo Hymenoptera mbovane angacingi imfuno yona.

Bambalwa abantu bazi, kodwa iimbovane umsebenzi Zinokuphila zide zibe neminyaka-3, kodwa ke iimazi - ukuya 20. Kwakhona ukuba banako phakamisa umthwalo engaphezu ubunzima zabo ukusa kumaxesha 100. Xa imbovane uyafa yityhefu, usoloko iwela kuphela kwicala lasekunene.

zinyosi

Zinyosi - kubuye Hymenoptera. Abameli ohlobo ezahlukeneyo iinwele elinzima phezu emzimbeni, nto leyo iba umbala eliqaqambileyo. Zinyosi zahlulwe ngokweendidi ezintathu: ukumkanikazi, abasebenzi kunye drones. Kufanele kuphawulwe ukuba ezi awunalo ubuchule ulwamvila. Ngokungafaniyo oonomeva, zinyosi ulwamvila kusetyenziswa kuphela self-yokuzikhusela.

Indlela abasabela ngayo umzimba womntu ukuba ndingangxami inyosi enkulu enoboya kuxhomekeke kwiimeko ngamnye. Amaninzi akukho yingozi. An uxabane ukuya Ulwamvila inyosi enkulu enoboya kakhulu inqabile. Ngokufuthi oko kuxhomekeke% 1 kuphela lobuntu, yaye, njengoko umthetho, oku kwenzeka ebudeni yesibini unomntana.

Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba Ngokungafaniyo nezinye Hymenoptera, zinyosi musa kube kanye efuna ukutya kwimozulu embi. Kananjalo kufuneka izityalo kakhulu ozithandayo. Zinyosi umungu ukuba nezitya intyatyambo engavumelekanga, ezo abawuthobeli noonomeva.

Ngokungafaniyo nezinye izinambuzane, zinyosi ezi ngasentla lobushushu emzimbeni ukuya kumanqanaba 20-30, ngaphezu bume. Oku kungenxa umsebenzi ebonakalayo izihlunu pectoral.

Ingaba kukho inzuzo evela Hymenoptera?

Mhlawumbi, wonke umntu uyazi ukuba zonke izinto eziphilayo kwiplanethi yethu ezihambelanayo. isinambuzane nganye uzisa ngenzuzo ehlabathini umntu ngokwakhe. Akukho ngaphandle, yaye lamabutho Hymenoptera. Umzekelo, iimbovane, njengokuba sisazi, hayi kuphela ukwakha izindlu phezu komhlaba, kodwa ngaphantsi kwalo. Ngenxa kule umhlaba uba friable ngakumbi, kwaye uzaliswe ezininzi oksijini. Kwakhona weembovane ngonyaka kutshabalalisa inani enkulu izinambuzane.

Baya kuzisa iinzuzo ezinkulu Hymenoptera - iinyosi, oonomeva kunye ngoonomeva. Ngenxa imveliso yokujongwa yabo wadalwa inani elikhulu iziyobisi. Ngokomzekelo, amayeza ezininzi ubusi kunye propolis.

Ulwazi olunomdla mmeli Hymenoptera

Ngenkulungwane XX, nesazi-nzulu esidumileyo yabamba iqela yophando umdla. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba bee bumble uye amaphiko ubungakanani kunokuba ezincinane (xa kuthelekiswa emzimbeni wayo). intelekelelo Scientific isicelo sinambuzane -lift moya. Ufumanise ukuba inyosi enkulu enoboya ephaphazela kuyo yonke imithetho yokubhabha yemvelo.

Namhlanje, kulo mba kuqhutywe inani elikhulu iingxabano. izazinzulu ezininzi hypothesis kanye ndizenzayo, ziyandingqinela ukuba inyosi enkulu enoboya Bezinambuzane thombo. Nangona kunjalo, ezi iinguqulelo zisekhona ayaziwa ngokupheleleyo.

Hymenoptera nemfundo

Njengoko kuchaziwe ngaphambili, Hymenoptera iinzuzo ezinkulu. Malunga iimpawu yesakhiwo kunye nokusebenza ndithi abafundi bebanga 7 esikolweni. Injongo - ukubonisa indlela ebalulekileyo umyalelo kwezinambuzane Hymenoptera. Grade 7 emva kokuphela isifundo kufuneka ukwazi iimpawu noshowo iintlobo kunye nendima yabo emzimbeni womntu kunye nendalo. Luxanduva lukatitshala kukuba ukukhangela nokwenziwa umbandela malunga Hymenoptera emva kwexesha elithile.

iipropati olwaye lwamfimfitha. nenyongo-impukane

Njengezinye izinambuzane ezininzi, ezinye zenyathi baye Hymenoptera iipropati olwaye lwamfimfitha. Omnye abameli, ezo le mihlaba ihamba noonomeva nenyongo. Amaninzi, ukuba babeke amaqanda zabo phezu komthi wom-oki okanye ityholwana. ukubonakala kwakhe ziyafana nuts ezincinane. Le isinambuzane izala amaqanda ayo ngqo kwi ixolo okanye amagqabi kwezityalo. Kwixesha elizayo, apho ngemigca exweseneyo kombungu White iyangqubana imisebenzi ebalulekileyo kwemithi namatyholo, olwaye lwamfimfitha phezu kwabo.

Ihnevmonoidy

Olunye uhlobo Hymenoptera ekumfimfitheni - ihnevmonoidy. Abameli yale nkqutyana-ntlobo ezahlukeneyo ngombala kunye nobukhulu. Abasetyhini ihnevmonoidov baye ingachazwayo ehla- filamentous. Baya kuhlala phezu kwezinye izinambuzane ungabutofela amaqanda abo omzimba wabo.

Ezinye queens ehla- izaliswe yityhefu. Ngenxa iimpawu ezinjalo abasusa izitshabalalisi zezityalo. Amaqanda kumzimba omnye imibungu kuleyo izinambuzane. Ixesha lokuqala itye ezinamanqatha iidiphozithi lixhoba, yaye xa imfuyo yabo uza kuphela, ukuqala ukutya amalungu abalulekileyo. Ngexesha le umbungu uqalisa ukwakha Cocoon, njengoko umthetho, ixhoba uyafa.

Chalcid

Chalcid - yenye zenyathi olwaye lwamfimfitha Hymenoptera. Bona lubonakala ngokuba ubukhulu encane. Njengazo zonke ezinye izinambuzane olwaye lwamfimfitha ezihlala umzimba namanye amalungu Chalcid.

Enyanisweni ukwazi ukuba Chalcid uyakwazi sakhela nkqu okugcina amanzi. Kukholelwa ukuba abameli abaninzi bamandulo zenyathi Hymenoptera olwaye lwamfimfitha wayephila kwithuba Cretaceous.

Kukho zenyathi eyahlukileyo Chalcid - Rica Costa. Bayakwazi Luhlala kuphela izilwanyana kodwa ebantwini. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba umfama e New England emva indlebe yakhe singenile ukuba isinambuzane. Le ndoda yaya iiveki ezimbini ziintlungu olungaphezu yaye bakhalaza ukuva ilahleko. kweeveki ezintathu emva kokuba isilwanyana esilunywe umfazi a lomlimi wafumanisa ukuba aphume indlebe yakhe enyakanyakeni izinambuzane ezincinane. Man esibhedlele ngokungxamisekileyo. Oogqirha zazide intsebenziswano liyithathe kuye indlebe abangaphezu kwama-300 grams Chalcid.

Phakathi Chalcid kukho iintlobo ezithi olwaye lwamfimfitha kuphela kwizityalo. Benza zokuziphilisa zazo galls (neziqu iindawo esiqwini igqabi). Bambalwa abantu bazi, kodwa kukho i-zenyathi Chalcid, abameli leyo babeke amaqanda abo iziqhamo ficus, leyo kuqala nje ukuba zenze. Ngaphandle kwezi izinambuzane, bendingayi kuba kunokwenzeka isityalo yokusasaza. Kwakhona enkosi parasitism, eyenza imbewu ficus.

Ngamafuphi

Phantse wonke Hymenoptera solo sibe quaintness kunye nokwahluka kwenu. uhlobo ngamnye awohluke zawo. Kweli nqaku, siye babonisa oko izinambuzane engakholelekiyo. Siye safumanisa ukuba iimbovane soze ukulala, yaye kanye nathi, izilwanyana ezilinywa, yaye ezinye izinambuzane Hymenoptera olwaye lwamfimfitha abangazuza. Ngelishwa, abantu abaninzi self-kutshabalalisa ihlabathi nabemi balo. Thina kakhulu Siyaleza ukuba kubangele umonakalo indalo yethu, hayi kuphela Hymenoptera, kodwa ezinye kwakhona abameli zezilo bazive bekhululekile kwaye alukapheli ukusuka kwilizwe lethu emva kokuba isibini kweminyaka.