Necandelo leebhanki US

Inkqubo zebhanki eUnited States phambi kokuba ixesha elithile sele zokwabela abaphantsi amagunya. Kwakukho amashumi amawaka beebhanki, kodwa abazange bathobele urhulumente. Enyanisweni, ngamnye kubo-nkqubo yayo. Kwiidolophu ezincinane of America, amaziko afana zinokubangela bodwa zabo, ingakumbi xa sele zisekiwe yi iifama ezinkulu mveliso. Noko ke, kule nkulungwane yama-20, ukuphuhliswa kwenkqubo yebhanki US uye enye indlela. Likwazi ukumisela ulawulo phezu onke amaziko kule ndawo, i-Federal Reserve System yadalwa. iibhanki eziliqela yayiququzelelwe Ndiwise yoRhulumente. Ngoncedo lwabo, urhulumente iye yakwazi esweni imisebenzi namaqumrhu abucala.

Nayiphi Federal Reserve Bank nga ngokuba "yebhanki ibhange", kwakunye yebhanki karhulumente. Ngapha koko, amaziko abucala sanyanzeleka ukuba ahlawule isixa esithile kwemali kwizabelo eentlangano ezinjalo. Kulo mzekelo, faka luphindo kunye neemeko exchange babe kuphela Federal Reserve iibhanki. Namhlanje kukho iintlobo ezininzi kumaziko zebhanki eMelika. Owokuqala ngulo, Kakade ke, izinto lwesakhiwo i-Fed kaThixo. Emva koko iibhanki zabucala, iinkampani utyalo-ofisi yebhanki. Namhlanje, phantse akukho mahluko phakathi kwabo, emva koko, utyalo-mali kunye iibhanki zabucala zingafaka imali ezitokisini. I-Federal Reserve unalo ilungelo elikhethekileyo axhase urhulumente. Lo mbutho uthenga izitropu izibambiso, leyo zikhutshwa ngurhulumente.

Noko ke, ingeniso kunye nenzuzo kulo iya iifama ezinkulu kunye neenkampani mveliso. Ngenxa yokuba urhulumente, yena, ukhetha ukutyala imali kule mibutho. inkqubo yogcino US Federal ine ofisi esembindini ibekwe e Washington, DC. Intloko le yunithi kukhethiwe usihlalo okanye umongameli isithuba iminyaka eli-14. Nefuthe Fed usihlalo kunye yonke ingase Yeengwevu. Kodwa umongameli akunakwenzeka ukuba elo thuba. Ukunyulwa umntu ephambili kwinkqubo zebhanki federal, lwenziwa eNdlu yeeNgwevu. Usihlalo unalo ithuba lokuba athathe eli sikhundla, kwaye okwesibini xa kukhethwa yivoti yesininzi. Yiloo nto eyenzekayo xa kwakhona unyulo ngo-2009 oko.

Inkqubo zebhanki US uye waba izigaba ezintandathu ezinkulu. Eli lizwe sele wazama ukuba ukungena phambi kokuba inkqubo enye, kodwa ayisebenzi. Ngoko, kwi 18 - kwenkulungwane ye-19, bekukho ibhanki wokuqala US. Koko ixesha elifutshane akukho amandla ngokwenzela kweli candelo. Kamva, iUnited States kwasekwa yibhanki yesibini. Kungekudala kwafika ebizwa ngokuba "era kweenkqubo zebhanki simahla." Kwandula ke kwabakho ukusekwa kwe-National Bank. Yaye kwinkulungwane yama-20 kwakukho Fed. Iinkqubo zokuqala ezimbini ngokwenzela nje ayibanga ngako impumelelo. Abazange ukufumana ukwandiswa kwekhontrakthi. Eyokuqala kwezi iibhanki yasungulwa Hamilton. Zombini imibutho kuneengxaki ezininzi, le engundoqo iyileyo - nokungabikho amatyala.

inkqubo lwesithathu esembindini nolwathi lwaphuhliswa ngakumbi hayi kuphela amatyala aphezulu kunye nokufumaneka yelizwe ngokwaneleyo bhetyebhetye, kodwa ngenxa yeemeko zikaxakeka - uphaphazele. likhona ixesha elide, kwaye ingakumbi nokomelezwa kwizikhundla kumhlaba American, inkqubo zebhanki federal ukuba nengxaki zezimali ukuba kwenzeka ngo-1907.

Yokothuka, leyo wathi, uye waba esinye isizathu sokuba urhulumente uye wagqiba ekubeni athabathe ngokukhawuleza ulawulo ezenziwa kumaziko iibhanki zabucala. Kwaye lo rhulumente uye waphumelela. I-Fed okuninzi kwemisebenzi. Ngaphandle yokuba kuthathwa lesizwe yebhanki karhulumente-, imisebenzi yakhe iquka ukuthatha inxaxheba imicimbi yemali ngamazwe ngamagosa karhulumente US, ukhuseleko lwabathengi, ulawulo lwamaqumrhu abucala kunye nangaphezulu. I-Fed nayo inxaxheba iingxaki zokuswela amandla kunye ilungisa kuchaphulo olu. Inkqubo zebhanki US uye waba imibutho ngakumbi.