Inkqubo Monetary

Xa imifuziselo mihla ngokwenkqubo yesikweliti wemali Uqoqosho kuphuhliswa imarike libambe indawo ebalulekileyo indlela kwezoqoqosho. Yindlela bobuqili ejikeleza kwezoqoqosho, elawula ubonelelo ngemali, ukulawula enabela, oluhlala kwaye ukuphinda kwemali, eqhuba iindawo phakathi kwezolimo, mboleko ezinikwa abantu kunye namacandelo athile ezoqoqosho.

Kukho iikhonsepthi ezimbini kwenkqubo wemali: eyokuqala i isethi credit ubudlelwane, iindlela kunye neentlobo imali (ifom functional); lwesibini - iseti amaziko ezemali, ezidla ukuqokelela imali mali ekhoyo okwethutyana uze umboleke (ifom kwamaziko).

Kwimeko yokuqala sithetha ngayo ulwalamano olunjalo njengoko zebhanki, ezorhwebo, urhulumente, abathengi, mboleko.

Ityala lwesibini azezi iparameters zilandelayo. Modern Monetary System - indlela entsonkothileyo eye amanqanaba eziliqela, nto leyo oluhlala ize isasaze asethi zemali. Izinto eziphambili zale nkqubo yile: i-Central Bank, inkqubo karhulumente somsebenzi ne miqulu eselugcinwe-kweendonga; necandelo leebhanki, equka neebhanki zorhwebo, imali, iibhanki ezikhethekileyo urhwebo; mboleko mboleko, utyalo-mali, ityala ezizodwa kunye namaziko non-ibhanki mali: mali yomhlalaphantsi, iinkampani ze-inshorensi kunye nesifundo utyalo-mali, iinkampani ezemali, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo eyongiweyo kunye nemibutho mboleko, iziseko yesisa.

Esi sikimu level ezintathu entlango-uphawu yamazwe aphuhlileyo (US, Japan, amazwe of Western Europe). amazwe ngabanye ziyahluka okukwiqondo yophuhliso iiyunithi ngamnye kule nkqubo. kakhulu iphuhliswe yenkqubo yemali kunye credit eUnited States, ngokunxulumene noko kuyo utsaleleka kumazwe aphuhlileyo xa kusenziwa iinkqubo zabo ngemali.

Urhulumente ilawula inkqubo yemali ngeendlela ezimbini eziphambili: ngenxa yokungenelela ngqo yolawulo (ukumisa ixabiso Ukwabiwa engqongqo kwempahla, njl) kunye ungenelelo ngqo yolawulo (ukuziphatha komgaqo wolawulo-mali).

Ngoko kuba kucacile ukuba inkqubo wemali ngetyala karhulumente ilungiselelwe ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zoqoqosho kulwabiwo olukhoyo imali luphuphume kulo macandelo eziphambili kakhulu zithembisa. Kwezinye amaqumrhu kuvela rhoqo mali okwethutyana mahala (imali eyintsalela), ngoxa abanye - in iimfuno ezongezelelweyo kwingxowa-mali. Le nto ngempumelelo usombulula inkqubo wemali samatyala lizwe.

Wemali nkqubo ngetyala le-Russian Federation yenziwa amanqanaba amathathu: Central Bank; inkqubo yogcino (iibhanki zohlobo yorhwebo); credit ezizodwa kunye namaziko zemali. Esi sakhiwo ibonisa ngokucacileyo ukuba iimfuno zoqoqosho zesizwe, oko likufutshane imodeli iinkqubo ngetyala yamazwe aphuhlileyo kwaye uqale ukuqhelana kwiinkqubo ezintsha bezinto zokwenene zoqoqosho.

Le nkqubo credit usenalo iziphene ezithile phantse onke amanqanaba (ukwandisa inani iibhanki ezincinci, inshorensi iinkampani, iimali utyalo kunye neebhanki zorhwebo iqhubeke ukugxininisa imisebenzi credit elifutshane elide, nto leyo ekhokelele kwakhona yokungoneli kwemali kuphuhliso kwimizi-mveliso namanye amacandelo ezoqoqosho. Ngoko ke namhlanje iye imiba ngokwaneleyo ngetyala kweenkqubo RF zifuna engaphezulu ekuphuculeni. ukusebenza Intaka malini-sibawa inkqubo tnoj iyilelwe ukunika imo ezinzileyo yoqoqosho lwesizwe.

inkqubo yogcino eRashiya iye amanqanaba amabini, bemelwe yi-Central Bank of the Russian Federation (Bank of Russia) kunye neebhanki zorhwebo.