Le ngozi inkulu kwi-USSR: imbali, inkcazelo, kunye noluhlu manani. Ibhinqa wasinda kwingozi moya kwi USSR

Air kuntlitheka kwenzeka kakhulu kungafane, kodwa elowo kubo ngendlela ekhethekileyo ukuphazamisa uluntu. Oku akumangalisi, kuba kubo akukho xesha wabulala inqwaba kunye amakhulu abantu. Kule nkalo, ukuba kungekho ngaphandle kwaye eSoviet Union. Makhe sijonge le ngozi inkulu waseUSSR, iinkcukacha zazo kunye namanani bala maxhoba.

uluhlu iintlekele

Zingaphi moya neengozi USSR? Ukuba ukuze bakuthathele ingqalelo nokuba incinane, ngaphandle kwakusidla amaxhoba, inani labo likhulu kakhulu, yaye akubonakali ukwenza mkhulu kakhulu. Siya kugxininisa ngozi edume kakhulu futhi inkulu. Uluhlu iingozi moya eSoviet Union imi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• intlekele e Tiflis (1925);
• ngozi e Central Aerodrome e Moscow (1935);
• ukufa Air Force myalelo Sverdlovsk (1950);
• ndiza kwiSithili Vurnarsky (1958);
• intlekele kufuphi Krasnoyarsk (1962);
• ingozi e Sverdlovsk (1967);
• ingozi-moya phezu kwiNgingqi ukulungela (1969);
• intlekele Svetlogorsk (1972);
• ziwe kummandla eKharkov (1972);
• ndiza ku Nerskaya River Lake (1972);
• yengozi eLeningrad (1974);
• ukufa "Pakhtakor" iqela (1979);
• nibanga Zavitinsk (1981);
• intlekele kwisikhululo seenqwelo-moya eOmsk (1984);
• yokuwa saseLviv (1985);
• intlekele kufuphi Uchkuduk (1985);
• ntlekele kwi -moya Kurumoch (1986);
• ngengozi kummandla Irkutsk (1989).

Kuluhlu ibandakanya kungekuphela nje loo ngozi inkulu inani lamaxhoba, kodwa kakhulu resonant. Kakade ke, inani iingozi moya eSoviet Union kwakungaphezu, kodwa siya kugxininisa ikakhulu kuphela iintlekele ngasentla.

Le ntlekele lokuqala

Le ntlekele inkulu kwi USSR ivula ungqubano umkhweli moya Junkers F-13, nto leyo esenzeka kwi Tiflis eGeorgia ngo-1925. Kulapha ukuba ungakwazi ukuqala ukubala iintlekele Aviation sikarhulumente eSoviet.

Oku kwalandela ukubhabha kwikomkhulu Georgian Sukhum. Kule ndiza amalungu enqanaweni amabini kunye abathathu, eziphaphazelayo isabelo esemthethweni. Emva kwemizuzu eli-15 emva kokuba kusuka Junkers F 13 umlilo ezibanjiswe. Ezimbini abakhweli wenza uvale lithemba, kodwa wawa ekufeni kwakhe. Ezinye abakhweli babulawa yi-dubulo kwi ingozi-moya phantsi.

unobangela oluchanileyo umlilo ukuze ukufaka Baphela, kodwa, ngenxa kuguqulelo enye, oko kwenzeke ngenxa yokuba omnye abakhweli yaphosa umdlalo elivuthayo phantsi.

Kakade ke, isikali isiganeko inani lamaxhoba kukuba kakhulu obuphantsi kwabo iintlekele, esiza kuxubusha kamva, kodwa nangona kunjalo le indiza ekunokuthiwa wokuqala eSoviet Union.

Le ntlekele kwisikhululo seenqwelo-moya Moscow

Le ngozi inkulu kwi USSR kuqhubeka yintlekele eyenzeka ngoMeyi 1935 kwi-terminal kwingingqi Moscow, leyo ibekwe kwidolophana Sokol. Kwaba ngoko ukuba ilinge uNikolay Balagin, ephethe phezu kwakhe airliner karma moya lingena imbovane-20 "Mxim Gorky". Ngaphandle ngokwakhe, abantu 11 bafa iqela labasebenzi sithwala moya kunye abakhweli-38. Nangona kukho kwakhona data enye ukuba abakhweli kwaba 50. Ngenxa yoko, inani elipheleleyo lamaxhoba zisukela abantu 49 ukuya 62.

Okusisiphumo se-uphando engagungqiyo - imposiso pilot.

Ukufa neqela BBC

Ukuxoxa le ngozi moya eRashiya yaye USSR, omnye asingekhe silibale ngayo ukufa abadlali Hockey Air Force ekuqaleni kuka January 1950, besuka eMoscow ukuya eChelyabinsk ukuba intlanganiso kunye neqela lendawo. Lo moya senzeka iimeko zemozulu kunokuba ayinzima, ukuba yenye yezinto ezibangela le ntlekele. Enye unobangela weengxaki mbutho ekuthiwa inkonzo dispatcher, ikakhulu ukuphoswa ukugaleleka moya "babo", kwaye Li-2, nto leyo labhabha iqela Air Force, kukade icangcisiwe, emoyeni, elinde ukuba imvume umhlaba.

Ngenxa yoko ke, amanani ze utshayisa kwi-USSR zazaliswa elinye elinethoba amaxhoba, apho 8 amalungu enqanaweni kunye 11 - abadlali kwiqela.

Derailment Vurnarsky District

Ngokufanayo umoya enye kwingozi enkulu eRashiya yaye USSR, nentlekele kwiSithili Vurnarsky uya elide kuhlala kwimemori abantu, ingakumbi izihlobo abafelweyo. Kwathi kufuphi kwilali Bulatov Chuvashkoy ASSR ngo-Oktobha 1958.

Tu-104A ubephethe igqiza abakhokheli bamaqela Chinese ukusuka eOmsk eMoscow, kodwa sele ugqibile ngenxa yemozulu embi abasebenzi le airliner walelwa yokuhlala ehostele. Imeko efanayo kwaphindwa Gorky. Ngoko ke, eli qela wagqiba ekubeni ukubhabha ku Sverdlovsk. Kodwa esi sigqibo elungiselelwe utshintsho olukhulu kakade. Ekwenzeni oku kushenxa nzima, ndiza kwi umsinga womoya onamandla, nto ke leyo ebangele wangena likude, nokuba ke unobangela zicinywe emhlabeni.

Ngenxa yoko, ungqubano wabulala izisebenzi asithoba kunye abakhweli 71.

Intlekele kufuphi Krasnoyarsk

Kakade ke, sonke kwenzeka kwingozi moya eRashiya yaye USSR - a ilishwa enkulu, kodwa phakathi kwazo zonke ezinye bungabonakala nentlekele Krasnoyarsk ngoJuni 1962. Engafani nabanye kuloo unobangela wayengekho imposiso pilot okanye umphathi, kungekhona ukungasebenzi le moya, kunye neemeko zemozulu, kunye enomjukujelwa anti-moya hit ukufaka.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuba unobangela yokuwa Tu-104 ubehamba Irkutsk eOmsk, wahlala imfihlelo. Kuphela xa iindawo wakuzincina-moya kwindawo ungqubano lwaba uzokwazi ukubona umonakalo isikhumba fuselage. Kwaye umngxuma wayevela ngaphandle. Kuphela kamva afika ukuba kufutshane zaqhutywa imithambo emkhosini, yaye ngenxa yemozulu embi yenye missiles've anti-moya baphulukana injongo yabo yokuqala kwaye ubuyisele kwi-Tu-104.

Isiphumo sale ntlekele yaba ukufa kwamalungu enqanaweni asibhozo abakhweli 76. Njengoko inani lamaxhoba ayizange de kokuwa elikhulu enjalo USSR.

Indiza e Sverdlovsk

Enye ingxelo embi sasimi ngo-1967 kufuphi Sverdlovsk, apho airliner lungqubene Il-18. Kule ngozi wabulala abakhweli 99 kunye namalungu 8 crew umntu. Kwaye kwakhona, yonke loo ngozi kwi USSR, neyenzeke elide kangaka ayikwazanga ukutshatisa inani abonzakeleyo koku.

Unobangela ntlekele kwaye usilele ukuseka oluthembekileyo. -Moya ngesantya esiphezulu lingena emhlabeni, nto leyo lwaphulwa emininzi. Noko ke, kukho bakukhutshelwa uguqulelo phambili ye ukungasebenzi zobugcisa.

Sisihelegu kwiNgingqi ukulungela ukusebenza

Kakade ke, wayebhekisela ngozi inkulu eRashiya eSoviet Union, asikwazi nokungahoywa kwawa a Yukhnov ngo-1969. Ngapha koko, yaba yeyona inkulu-scale zentlekele eSoviet Union, ngokwenani lamaxhoba ezo eziye zenzeka ngenxa yokuba kwenzeke ingozi-moya ezimbini. Ukongeza, ukuba ngokuwa kakhulu ebalulekileyo kummandla ukulungela ukusebenza.

Le ngozi yenzeke ngenxa ye airliner yokungqubana Il-14M kunye moya zothutho emkhosini An-12BP. Isiphumo sale iintlekele ukufa kwabantu 24 kwibhodi umkhweli kunye nabantu 96 enqanaweni ezontathu. Kufakwe wabulala amalungu 5 abasebenza kuzo zombini izithuthi moya.

Unobangela wengozi nokwazeka yi zombini parameters zizisu yokuhlukumeza kwangaphambili ukuphakama.

Intlekele Svetlogorsk

Phakathi kwezinye iingozi Aviation ezenzeka eSoviet Union, kandziyisa nentlekele 1972 kwisixeko Svetlogorsk, ummandla Kaliningrad. Naso xa moya yothutho yasemkhosini An-24T, wenza ecwangcisiweyo ozibiyele ibenongqubano oko. Intlekele yalo mcimbi kukuba ekwindla-moya wawa phezu enkulisa. Ngenxa yoko, baphulukana nje onke amalungu 8 abasebenzi, kodwa abasebenzi abathathu amaziko kokuya esikolweni kunye nabantwana 24. Inani elipheleleyo amaxhoba yayingabantu 34.

Nangona kule ntlekele abasemagunyeni bazama ukufihla, kodwa, nangona kunjalo, isiganeko le ubukhulu ayikwazanga esidlangalaleni. Uphando lwaqhutywa emfihlekweni, kwaye iziphumo zacaciselwa esidlangalaleni kuphela ngo-2010, okt emva kokuwa eSoviet. Ngokwe ngxelo, unobangela ntlekele yaba uqeqesho okulambathayo abaqhubi. Kodwa akukho ityala lolwaphulo enye ngokunxulumene siganeko kwaye wayengekho evulekileyo, nangona zasuswa izithuba zabo elinesibini ezimbalwa eliphezulu abasebenzi zomkhosi.

Sisazi ukuba unobangela ntlekele yaba ezontathu, ngoko esi siganeko esinoshicilelwa-moya kwingozi emkhosini USSR.

Le ntlekele kummandla eKharkiv

Enye intlekele enkulu kwenzeka ngo-1972 kummandla eKharkiv kufuphi kwilali Russian Lozova. Kwaba apho ingqubekile abakhweli moya An-10, eziphaphazelayo kwi route eMoscow - IKharkiv. Imiphumo ungqubano baphatheka kabuhlungu - Abantu 122 babulawa, apho - 7 amalungu enqanaweni.

Uphando esekwe ukuba unobangela wengozi baqalisa ukusilela zobugcisa lobume moya. Ngoko ke kungekudala moya An-10 sele kuyekiswe inkonzo.

Plane eyenzeke eMoscow

Enye intlekele enkulu, owenzeka kwangolu 1972, kwaba ukuwa kwe-IL-62, ibisuka eParis eMoscow, ukususela Nerskaya River Lake ngelixa igqampe ekupheleni kuyo kwendiza yakho. Isiphumo sale ntlekele ukufa abakhweli 164 kunye namalungu yabasebenzi 10. Ngelo xesha ke le ngozi umoya zibalaseleyo, leyo zenzeka kummandla Russia. Okwangoku, inani abafileyo bayakwazi Zizigqithile yakhe yintlekele kuphela eOmsk ngo-1984.

Uphando akazange achaze ukuba ubulawe sokonakala; kodwa ke omnye iinguqulelo eziphambili ithathwa isicwangciso altimeter engachanekanga.

Kokuwa eLeningrad

Iinkcukacha-manani iingozi moya kwi-USSR naseRashiya abuyonto ngaphandle kokuchaza ngokuwa airliner Il-18b eLeningrad ngo-1974. Hi ndlela leyi, yaba lweenqwelo ntlekele inkulu, owenzeka kummandla isixeko yesibini ngobukhulu eSoviet Union.

Lo moya kwesihloko kwi moya iLeningrad - Zaporozhye, kwaye ukusuka kwindawo yakho ihamba kuphela xa waqhumisa phezulu injini. Eli qela wazama ukubuyela-moya kwisikhululo seenqwelo-moya, kodwa umlilo nangakumbi kuphela xa lihlala pilot ezilahlekileyo ukulilawula kwendiza. Unobangela ukungasebenzi ngengozi injini kwathiwa igama. Kwangaxeshanye, izenzo nobungcali abasebenza labaqhubi kuye kwaphawulwa ukuba wenze ngqo ngokwemiyalelo kwaye kwenziwe konke okusemandleni ukuba ukuthintela le ntlekele.

Ngenxa yale ntlekele yabulala abakhweli 102 kunye namalungu enqanaweni 7. Inani elipheleleyo lamaxhoba wababala abantu 109.

Ukufa Iqela lebhola ekhatywayo i "Pakhtakor"

Nayiphi ngozi ibangela impendulo gqitha, kodwa ngokukhethekileyo Iyandonwabisa uluntu, xa wababulala abantu abaziwayo, amagcisa, abadlali. Ke kaloku kwathi ngo-1979, xa ngenxa ingozi emibini Tu-134 ngomhla Dneprodzerzhinsk wabulala phantse onke amalungu iqela lebhola ekhatywayo ye-USSR Major League "Pakhtakor" Tashkent. Kodwa ngaphandle oku bhu olulodwa USSR, isikali elikhulu enjalo ngokwenani amaxhoba. Ngenxa yale ntlekele yabulala abantu abangama-178 xa moya zombini, kuquka 17 "Pakhtakor" abadlali beqela kunye namalungu 13 abasebenza moya. Akukho namnye kuwa kwimbali yiSoviet Union ekwakusele inani elikhulu enjalo amaxhoba. Ukongeza, le ntlekele nangoku uhamba yesibini ehlabathini inani owambulala ingozi ye-moya ezimbini.

Ngokutsho kweziphumo zophando esemthethweni, ingunobangela loo intlekele enkulu-scale waba Manager nandzu.

owasinda

Kakade ke, ingozi-moya ezimbini ngaphezu Zavitinsk ngo-1981 akunakwenzeka ukuba bafakwa kuluhlu: ". Le inkulu yokuwa USSR" Kuyinto ephawulekayo ezahlukeneyo. It esidityaniswe kolu isiganeko enye kuphela bonke abakhweli umfazi, ixhoba moya engozini USSR. Ukuba wenza yaziwe ehlabathini lonke le ntlekele.

Larissa Savitskaya, oko kukuthi ngoko ngokuba ixhoba moya engozini waseUSSR, kunye nomyeni wakhe evela iholide lwethu lweenkobe Blagoveshchensk wakhe moya An-24. Le ntlekele yenzeke kwintaba ephakame ngaphezulu kwe-5,000 yeemitha, xa airliner nemoto a ezontathu Tu-16. Emva koko, ke unobangela ezisemthethweni yengozi iya iinkonzo yoluntu zomkhosi ulawulo ukungangqinelani igama.

Ngexesha le ngozi moya Savitskaya Bendilele, kodwa waphaphama yabanjwa olunamandla nokutsha kukugodola ngenxa depressurization kwentendelezo. Icandelo le-moya, apho bhinqa osindileyo kwingozi moya kwi USSR, yawa kumhlaba ezinde ukuba ngandlel 'ithile ukuba akufake ekuweni. Ukongeza, waba nethamsanqa ukuba nje kwicandelo umsila lo-moya, komncinane bachatshazelwa yi ungqubano.

Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa kukuwa Larissa Savitskaya wafumana mala kakhulu, balahlekelwa phantse yonke amazinyo akhe, wafumana abathile zokonzakala emqolo kunye kwamathambo imilenze kunye iimbambo, kodwa yena wayesaphila yaye wakwazi ukuhamba. Kodwa ekubeni kokuwa indawo ye-moya kakhulu kude kwiindawo ezihlala abantu, ngoko Larissa nabancedi ifumaneka kuphela iintsuku ezimbini.

Ngoko ke, oko - ixhoba kuphela ungqubano. Kwi-USSR olu lwazi yokungqubana ixesha elide ngokufihla. Vuyerisa Savitskaya waduma ehlabathini lonke kuphela ngo-2000, xa kuvezwe zonke iinkcukacha lwesiganeko.

Yayinye kuphela kwimeko like this. Ngowe-1972, enye indoda wahlangulwa emva ukuwa ukusuka nomphakamo ongaphezulu kwe-10 000 eemitha, emva kokuba dubulo-moya. Loo ndoda yesiYugoslav Vesna Vulovic - sisi, yasinda le ngozi. Njengokuba kunjalo waseUSSR kunye Savitskaya, ukuwa ukusuka kubude leemitha 5000, owayengazi Kwiimeko ezinjalo. Eli bhinqa kuphela yabantu 38 bakhwela moya ezimbini, nto leyo nako ukusinda xa kwingozi kwi Zavitinsk.

Intlekele eOmsk

Le ntlekele, owenzeka kwi eOmsk moya ngo-1984, kukho inani iinkcukacha ezahlula kwi inani leziganeko ezinjalo. Oko akazange athabathe indawo emoyeni ize emhlabeni, kuba isici esasenza yale ngozi moya. Kwi-USSR, oko kwenzeka rhoqo. Ukongezelela, inani lamaxhoba le ntlekele ke isikali abo zenzeka kummandla Russia.

Le ngozi airliner Tu-154 ebikhona, kunye oomatshini ikhephu, kwafa abakhweli 169 kunye namalungu yabasebenzi 4. Omnye umkhweli kunye namalungu amahlanu nqanawa basinda.

Ntlekele kufuphi Lviv

Uhide indiza enkulu waseUSSR, kufuneka ukhankanye nentlekele-1985 kummandla eLviv, eUkraine. Emva kokuba ntlekele kwi eKharkov kunye Dneprodzerzhinsk nto yaba omkhulu moya eyenzeke ku inani abonzakeleyo ezenzeke phezu kwintsimi republic eSoviet.

Unobangela wengozi yaba kungquzulwano-moya Tu-134A moya zothutho zomkhosi An-26 yaye, ubehamba ukusuka Tallinn ukuya Chisinau kunye wayethe eLviv. Ngenxa yoko yesehlo, eyabakho kummandla isixeko kummandla Zolochiv eLviv, ukubulala 79 abakhweli ezithwala moya-9 - emkhosini, kwakunye namalungu enqanaweni amathandathu ukusuka moya nganye. Kwakungekho amaxhoba, kwaye inani elipheleleyo amaxhoba yaba kubantu 94.

Ngenxa uphando yaye yasekwa ukuba unobangela ungqubano lwaba impazamo ngumphathi.

Intlekele kufuphi Uchkuduk

Njengoko ubona, lo moya crash ezinkulu eRashiya kunye USSR kwenzeka kaninzi, kodwa abo ibalulekileyo inani lamaxhoba kufuneka luthathwe kwawa a Uchkuduk kwi kummandla Uzbekistan. Oku kwenzeka ngo-1985, kwinqanaba lokugqibela lokubakho eSoviet Union. Nam ngozi eSoviet Union akazange abe iqela elikhulu labantu abafa. Inani elipheleleyo lamaxhoba wababala abantu 200, apho abakhweli 191 kunye namalungu yabasebenzi 9.

Unobangela ntlekele yaba kukuba ngexesha esemoyeni ukusuka Karshi ukuya eLeningrad crew le airliner Tu-154 okulawula, okubangela-moya eya kweyela spin bawa. Ngokutsho nenguqulelo esemthethweni yelogo ye uphando, kwindawo engundoqo ye ityala into eyenzekayo kwamagxa abaqhubi bayo, abaye baphambuka mfuno esezantsi, ukufumana umda ubude, yaye ke ngoko ayikwazanga ukumelana ulawulo kwimeko zonxunguphalo.

Kuwa e Kuibyshev

Enye intlekele enkulu kwi ekugugeni eSoviet Union yaba ndiza ka-Tu-134 kwi-moya wesixeko Kuibyshev - Kurumoch. Intlekele yesi siganeko kunyuswa yokuba kwenzeke ngenxa kukutyeshela pilot imisebenzi yakhe. Yena aphikisane amalungu abasebenzi ukuba akwazi ukubeka airliner ongayaziyo. Lo mzamo yaphela kakubi kakhulu. yokungakhathali Criminal abasebenzi Aleksandra Klyueva abangu 70 ngqwayi. Wasinda abantu-24 kuphela ngaphandle kwamalungu enqanaweni 94 kunye abakhweli.

Umqhubi wasinda waza wagwetywa iminyaka eli-15 entolongweni. Kodwa emva kokuba eli xesha iye yahlaziywa kwaye kwafakwa iminyaka emithandathu entolongweni.

Le ntlekele kwingingqi Irkutsk

Le yokugqibela enkulu Ingozi eyama, izinto ezo ezenzeka kwi ummandla waseUSSR, kungathathwa yintlekele ezenzeka 1989 kummandla Irkutsk. Ke kwabakho ukungquzulana sithwala moya Yak-40 besuka Irkutsk ukuya Zheleznogorsk, ihelikopta yamajoni Mi-8. Ngenxa yoko, ungqubano wabulala abantu 33 bakhwela inqwelo-moya, kwaye thabatha 7 emkhosini, ephaphazela indiza.

Uphenyo luveze ukuba unobangela wengozi, njengokuba kuye kwenzeka ngaphezulu nakanye, yaba kukunqongophala lonxulumelwano phakathi abalawuli yoluntu Aviation emkhosini.

Kwakuyinto yokugcina enkulu Aviation engozini kwilizwe esele ngexesha wahlupheka ntlekele inkulu neAfrika.

isiphelo

Kakade ke, onke loo ngozi eRashiya eSoviet Union yayo emibi, kodwa siye sazama ukuba baqwalasele livakale inkulu okanye kubo. Kodwa, Kakade, ukungathathi icala ngokupheleleyo uluhlu elinesibhozo iintlekele ingeyiyo, yaye umfundi ngamnye ukwengeza kokuwa moya eyenzeka eSoviet Union, athathwa nilufanele.

Kwangaxeshanye, asimele sibe silibale ukuba nakubeni ayisekho imo efana eSoviet Union okwangoku, lo moya ngozi kuqhubeka ukuba ubomi babantu bakuthi. Le memory of iintlekele nganye enjalo, nokuba ubukhulu balo, kufuneka siphile ezintliziyweni zabantu.