Komzimba aorta namasebe ayo

Le aorta yi isitya inkulu emzimbeni zombini ubude kunye ububanzi kunye nomthamo yokumpompoza kwegazi, nangona kunjalo kuxhomekeke igazi kwemali eyaneleyo onke amalungu kunye neenkqubo. Pathology kwemithambo inkulu emzimbeni womntu kuba nefuthe elibi umsebenzi onke amalungu, imithambo yegazi apho isetyana ngezantsi kwenqanaba sisilonda.

komzimba aortic

Ngokuqhelekileyo, eli isitya esikhulu uwahlule ube zahlulo zithathu, olusekelwe phezu kwawo:

• Unyuka sebe.
• Aortic arch komzimba apho kusetyenzwa ngokwahlukeneyo.
• Olwehlayo yingxenye. Eli sebe elide. Siphela ekusondeleni empontshwa vertebra yesine. Apha iqala kwemithambo iliac eqhelekileyo, leyo okuphosela aorta esiswini.

Nokwakheka Ukuma

Sinyuka aorta iphuma ventricle ekhohlo. Osewufikelele ubambo yesibini, iya kungena ekuthiwa arc, leyo, enomva ukuya ekhohlo, kwinqanaba lweyesine lihamba vertebra thoracic kwi inxalenye phantsi.

komzimba aortic nokulungiselela yiyunithi kunye namasebe eziphambili izibilini xa kuthelekiswa omnye kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo kubaluleke kakhulu ukufunda isakhiwo nemingxuma thoracic kunye esiswini.

isifuba

Ukuthatha inqanaba eliphezulu lweyesine vertebra thoracic, i thoracic icandelo aorta eli ijoliswe kakhulu nkqo ezantsi, ukuba ibekwe kwi mediastinum ngomva. Ukuya ngasekunene aorta kule ndawo ulale ye bile thoracic kunye unpaired Vienna; ekhohlo - iqhekeza elo pleura Parietal.

isebe esiswini

Ukuqalisa le ezahlulwe sisithuba abapasa isitya aortic ngesikrotyana olungqamelanayo kwi uvalo kwaye kudlulela nenqanaba empontshwa vertebra yesine. Le ezakhiwe ngayo aorta esiswini iye peculiarity yayo: lulele kwizikhewu retroperitoneal cellular, phezu imizimba yomqolo empontshwa, singqongwe maqumrhu alandelayo:

• ngasekunene kwayo ubuxoki ezibuhlazarha Vienna asezantsi;
• ukusuka phambili ukuya aorta esiswini elisecaleni ngomva phezu zepancreas, abangakwaziyo tyaba le duodenum, yaye inxalenye engcanjini mesentery ye emathunjini amancinci.

Ukufikelela kwinqanaba le yesine empontshwa vertebra isebe, aorta esiswini ihlukane ezimbini imithambo iliac. Bunika unikezelo igazi nemilenze (kule ndawo ibizwa ngokuba bifurcation, bifurcation le aorta, kwaye isiphelo).

Ngokungqinelana uhlobo acwangciswe ngalo amalungu ale isitya komzimba enkulu aorta kunye namasebe ayo ingqalelo ngamasebe.

Amasebe enyukela isebe

Le - okokuqala isebe kwisikhongozeli. ubude yayo amancinci: ukusuka ventricle ekhohlo ukuya intlala le ubambo yesibini ngasekunene.

Ekuqaleni le aorta ukwenyuka selithe off ngasekunene nangasekhohlo nemithambo yenhliziyo, indawo apho unikezelo igazi intliziyo.

Amasebe Arch aortic

komzimba arch ine phawu ilandelayo: ukusuka inxalenye khaxa zivela imithambo esikhulu ukuthwala igazi kuqukuqela yaba lukakayi, yesiqephu aphezulu. Isahlulo phakathi unika amasebe amancinci-onokufikelela ezingenawo indawo esisigxina.

Ukususela icala khaxa le arch aortic alandelayo amasebe kumka (ukusuka ekunene ukuya ekhohlo):

• umboko brachiocephalic ( "brachiocephalic");
• washiya Umthambo carotid eqhelekileyo;
• subklavikulyarnaya washiya Umthambo.

Inxalenye phakathi ye arc unika izitya ezingcakacileyo esimbaxa zizwana uqhoqhoqho kunye bronchi. Inani labo kunye indawo kunokuba ezahlukeneyo.

isebe ehla Branch

Isihla aorta, yena, yahlulwe yangamacandelo:

1. Thoracic elahliweyo ngaphezu uvalo;
2. Icesina, ibekwe ngezantsi uvalo.

isifuba:

• imithambo Parietal igazi elisuka kwi iindonga Isifuba: imithambo ephezulu diaphragmatic eyayizalwa ukusuka kumphezulu uvalo lo lweHo- esifubeni kunye nempahla angasemva intercostal esimbaxa Ukubonelela intercostal igazi kunye nezihlunu ngqo esiswini, nobubovu mammary, umnqonqo, kwakunye awafuneki elithambileyo ngasemva.
• izitya Visceral elandisiweyo ukususela thoracic, ramify kwi amalungu ngomva mediastinum.

isebe besisu:

• amasebe Parietal, eyayizalwa ezindongeni kwisisu (izibini ezine ezincinane empontshwa ngokunikezela izihlunu nesikhumba empontshwa, udonga esiswini, empontshwa umqolo kunye umnqonqo) kunye umphezulu esezantsi uvalo.
• amasebe Visceral lwemithambo uqhebeke amalungu esiswini - kwisibini (k adrenal, izintso, amasende kunye amaqanda, apho amagama imithambo bahambelana nalaa mabinzana amagama amalungu perfused) kunye unpaired. Amagama bayangqinelana namagama kwemithambo visceral perfused amalungu nabo.

Ubume wesingxobo eludongeni

Le mbono "indlela ezakhiwe ngayo aorta" iquka isakhiwo udonga isitya igazi inkulu zomzimba. Isakhiwo sodonga sawo iiyantlukwano ezithile isakhiwo eludongeni onke imithambo.

Ubume bodonga aortic ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• Iqokobhe yangaphakathi (i intima). Ingaba inwebu ongaphantsi lwenziwa nge endothelium. Endothelium ngenkuthalo iphendula imiqondiso efunyenwe isitya igazi, sikuphendule kubo edlulisela izihlunu umaleko kakuhle kodonga inqanawa.
• Tunica. Lo maleko iqulathe kwi aorta of circularly amalungiselelo ifayibha elastic (ngokungafaniyo nezinye imithambo emzimbeni, apho izipho kunye collagen kunye kwezihlunu gingxi kunye imicu ilastiki - eliqaqambileyo ngaphandle preponderance kwabo). komzimba aortic unalo phawu: ke udonga lothango oluphakathi ndizayo aortic ukhandwa kwimicu ikakhulu elastic. umsebenzi iqokobhe avareji kukugcina imilo benqanawa kwaye libonelela motility yayo. Umaleko phakathi udonga isikepe singqongwe into Embi (ulwelo), inxalenye engundoqo iyileyo ungena apha ngesiyilelo-gazi.
• Adventitia (iqokobhe olungaphandle sikhephe). Le ijwabu maleko nokuqina iqulathe ncakasana Imisonto collagen kunye fibroblasts perivascular. Yena eyayifakwe emithanjeni igazi iqulethe inani elikhulu ekupheleni luvo yawo. maleko Perivascular nokuqina ngomnye umqhubi kunye maza wayalela sitya, kwaye pulses ezivela kulo.

Osebenzayo zonke esicwangciswe eludongeni nemithambo ke oqhagamshelwano phakathi kwaye bayakwazi yokudlulisela inkcazelo imifino omnye - ethathela umaleko phakathi intima kunye adventitia, yaye kwelinye icala.