Khodynka sisihelegu 1896 eMoscow

Lo mlawuli yokugqibela uPeter Russian wasebenzisa Nicholas II ukuba kuthiwe 'Bloody "kwi historiography esemthethweni Soviet. Esona sizathu siphambili oku ezimbini. Okokuqala, i Sunday ngoJanuwari 1905, xa umngcelele ukuya Winter Palace ukuya ukungaqondi okanye ingqumbo wahlangatyezwa volleys umpu. Isizathu sesibini - Khodynka sisihelegu 1896. Le ntlekele iye wahlala kwinkumbulo abantu njengoko ubulumko lwakudala clichés ngomlomo, kodwa wonke umntu uyazazi iimeko zakhe. "Khodynka" - kwaye namhlanje badla sithethe isihlwele ubukhalipha eyo.

uthweso-sitshaba

Khodynskaya ngozi yenzeke ngexesha imibhiyozo azinikele ibekwa Nikolaya Aleksandrovicha Romanova. Lo msitho senzeka ngoMeyi 14 kwaye ehamba nabanye uphawu ezimbi. Yaba imeko lusekeleke Cathedral kwi Moscow yesicelo. Lo mlawuli wayeselula, kodwa inkonzo yaye siyimfe kuye. Le yayiyimini shushu, itempile ukuvaleka nezambatho eyenziwe kwiimeko ezinjalo, yahluke iqhayiya ekhethekileyo yonke imihla. Ngokubanzi, ngokutsho memoirs ka Abbot Serafim, umlawuli unyaka-28 ubudala nje ephosakeleyo, yena bakhubeka phantse liwa, nokuba ngokufutshane andabikho zingqondweni. Oku kungenzeka ngamnye, kodwa kulo mongo ngale nto kamva zazotywa ukuba ngukumkani iimeko klikusheski waqonda.

Sleep emva ibekwa isiko isibini yindinisa Imperial waya Ilyinsky, i-Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich kunye uElizabhete umfazi wakhe Feodorovna, yamvusa phezulu umfazi wakhe iyavuya ukuba yonke, nangokwamasiko igqithile kwaye ngoku kunokwenzeka ukuhlala ngoxolo, ekwenzeni imicimbi karhulumente. Imibhiyozo ziye zabanjwa ixesha elide, de May 26, kodwa sibe nenxaxheba kuzo ngqo kukumkani, akukho mfuneko. Noko ke, uvuyo waba ngaphambi kwexesha: iintsuku ezintathu kuphela kwakukho Intlekele Khodynka.

plan imibhiyozo

UNikolay Aleksandrovich ngokunyanisekileyo wayefuna ukuba abe ngukumkani kubantu bakhe, ukususela ekuqalekeni kobukumkani bakhe, wayefuna ukwenza ubomi lula ngabantu abaqhelekileyo kwaye nokuphucula impilo-ntle yabo. Ukuqala kobukumkani bakhe ngokwemveli lwandulelwe Manifesto, nto leyo ibeka imigaqo yomgaqo-nkqubo basekhaya angaphandle. Abantu wathembisa (kanti ke kufana kumgwebo) ukunciphisa umthwalo werhafu, ukuxolelwa amatyala kunye namanye amanyathelo ezifanelekileyo zohlobo kwezoqoqosho. Ngokukodwa, ngenxa mali ukuhlawula izifundo amatyala ukuya kwikhulu billion engange. Xa sijonga ngoko amandla okuthenga ngayo imali Russian, ungabona ukuba kukho imali eninzi, simthelekisa isixa imveliso yonyaka lesizwe kwilizwe elikhulu kwezoqoqosho. Ewe, kwaye egameni lam Romanov wongezelela kwiimfuno jikelele ezininzi - inani onamanani emihlanu engange ngegolide.

lokumisa obulalayo

komhlaba irhafu ezinkulu-isikali, nto leyo eyakhokelela ekukhawuleziseni ngakumbi ukukhula ubukhosi, yaye akazange wayesazi uvuyo ezilula. "Dessert" kwacetywa ukunika angamakhulu amane amawaka maqhuqhuva isipho esihle ukuba imali kwi gingerbread, epha, amandongomane, sausage, cod polar kunye imagi entle eyenziwe ngeteknoloji entsha yelo xesha. Yaba yentsimbi (yaye ngenxa yoko ayinakutshintshwa, obungunaphakade) kwaye ehlanganiswa wayesebenzisa yaphazamiseka ezihonjiswe headed-amabini okhozi kunye monogram bakomkhulu.

Ngubani na kuqikelelwa ukuba ngenxa naso ngandlela zonke iseti isipho, ukusuka apho bekuya kuba namhlanje akukho namnye wala, kuya kuba yintlekele Khodynka xikepe?

Ukulungiselela le holide kunye nokuhluthwa isicwangciso

Kamva, uhlaziye ezibangela ukufa, ababhali-mbali abaninzi baye babonisa ukuba nemicimbi zilungiswe kakuhle kwaye ihlelwe. Ngandlel 'ithile oku kuyinyaniso, kuba umphumo buhlungu uthetha ukuba ngokwayo. Khodynka ntlekele kukhokelele kwinto yokuba nje kota yeyure esihlweleni batyunyuzwa kwaye balixovula ngenyawo ngo-1389 abantu, ukwenzakala shiyana kunjalo 2690. Ke kaloku, kwakukho iimeko ukunciphisa etyaleni ngabaququzeleli. Abakwazi ukubamba ngxi epheleleyo, kwaye ixesha elifutshane kunye nokungabi le ntlekele ukuvala amathuba ongenelelo. Khawula intshukumo abantu efakiweyo iingcingo kunye imisele ndemba kwangaphambili, ukuze bagcine indlela kwisixeko amapolisa aneleyo. Umkhosi, Noko ke, kwakungenjalo. Amava iziganeko ezinjalo ezenzeka kwiminyaka elishumi eyadlulayo (ngoko sithsaba Alexander III), khange balatha nayiphi na ingozi ezizodwa, ngoko yonke into waya cwaka, bema abantu emigceni, bafumana izipho babele.

Khodynka sisihelegu 1896 kubangelwe ukuqondana ezitenxileyo. Ezinye nabaphathi omnye ikhulu elinamanci mahlanu iintente nasekusasazeni waqalisa ukusasaza iiseti abahlobo bakhe, ngaphandle kokulinda ukuba ngeyure ethile, kwaye nkqu ezimbalwa ngesinye isandla. Abantu (abanye babo aba onxilileyo), bahlanganisana intsimi Khodynka ebusuku ngaphambili, waphawula ukuba bagwilika. Ke necala bazama ukulungisa impazamo waza waqalisa ukukhutshwa iiseti ngaphambi kwexesha. Le nkqubo ligxojiwe, waqalisa ndawo imxinwa.

imiphumela

Khodynka ntlekele kwafaka mlawuli novokoronovannogo ukudideka. Le meko sibi ukuba kanye ngalo olu suku luye designated umgaqo-nkqubo angaphandle intlanganiso ebalulekileyo kunye unozakuzaku French, yena wayelungiselela kwangaphambili azicime oko kungabangela iingxaki ozakuzo. Ukumkani kunye nenkosikazi yakhe kwafuneka ukuba aye Montebello ukuya kuzimasa ibhola emva kokuba ulwamkelo. Kwixesha elizayo, kumaphephandaba melo iye olunyuswe le nto nje wabona umntu 'ezimnandi' esi sibini yobukumkani kwiyure abantu intlungu. Hayi, uNicholas II akazange azilibale ngabantu, kodwa sibeka izilangazelelo eRashiya ngaphezu iimvakalelo zakho. Kakade ke, loo ntlekele Khodynka wabonwa nguye nje ebuhlungu, yaye ngoko nangoko emva kokuphunyezwa lo protocol ozakuzo , waya ukuqonda iimeko zakhe. Ityala nje okhawulezayo. Nazi ke iziphumo:

- Umphathi wamapolisa wayekiswa umsebenzi wakhe, abantu abanoxanduva nengalo yomthetho. Iimeko baba ingalindelwanga, kodwa kufuneka inike bonke.

- Iintsapho amaxhoba bafumana amawaka engange.

- ukungcwatywa emangcwabeni ngamnye eziveliswa ngeendleko zikarhulumente.

- Abantwana abaziinkedama babekwa ngendlela yokusabela yasebukhosini.

- Zonke iimeko zeli tyala esidlangalaleni.

Bakufanele amagama akhetekileyo ngokwabo lokusinda amaxhoba. Akukho namnye kubo akazange agxeke urhulumente ukuba kwenzeke ntoni. Amagwebu kuphela wena nokubawa yakho.