1609-1611: ukuziphendulela ESmolensk. Iziganeko imfazwe Russian-Polish, imbali Russia

I-1609-1611 woKhuselo of ESmolensk waba ngomnye iziganeko ezibalulekileyo the Time Iingxaki eRashiya, xa ilizwe lakrazuka kubini ngenxa ngaphakathi kunye nongenelelo angaphandle.

Zinto zifuneka kuqala ukuze iduli

Uhlaselo imikhosi Polish kwi ESmolensk yaba isiqephu sokuqala kwemfazwe Russian-Polish Ngexesha Iingxaki. Le singqingiwe njalo ke isixeko ekhokelwa yi-Korol Sigizmund III. YoMlawuli wahlasela Russia emva uthotho adventures ezi ababawa Polish.

Emva ngo 1604 ngomhla kummandla Commonwealth wabonisa phezulu bhedengu ezizenza ukuba Tsarevich nguDmitry kudala-efile (nyana Ivana Groznogo). Loo ndoda Gregory Otrepyev - endela obalekayo ngubani wagqiba ekubeni abe ngukumkani, ukuzenza indlalifa umfi ambonise etroneni. Ngeli xesha e Moscow, Boris Godunov imithetho. Akazange ndingenguye Rurik Minor. Ukongeza, ngexesha lokulawula kwakhe ngenxa isilimo kwakukho indlala enkulu. kulo igquba Poor kunye neenkolelo ugxeke ukumkani ngenxa yamashwa zabo, kwaye elindele imbonakalo nguDmitry False.

Otrepyev wacela inkxaso yezikhulu Polish, kuquka nentsapho Mnishek. Basebukhosini bamnika imali, kwaye uninzi nabaphumi-pretender wenza Cossacks abasuka kwiindawo umda Polish-Russian. Ngowe-1605, mavunwa nguDmitry, ngenxa ukuqondana abonwabileyo, yakwazi ukuba athimbe amandla eMoscow.

Wenza neqembu yakhe izibonda wabanika izikhundla ezingundoqo zikarhulumente. Akufani ziingcungcu endala eMoscow. Ikukucetywa apho nguDmitry False exheliweyo nezibonda elirhangqiweyo wamfaka entolongweni. Ukumkani omtsha wangaphambili inkosi Vasiliy Shuysky.

Start of Russian-Polish imfazwe

Lonke eli xesha Korol Sigizmund wahlala cala. Noko ke, ukubanjwa wabanumzana ezininzi Polish Wamsa umsindo. Ngelo xesha eRashiya, a pretender entsha, ngubani historiography eyaziwa ngokuba False nguDmitry II. Yena wancediswa izinhanha Polish, kutshanje asindileyo i mvukelo aluphumelelanga nxamnye eyathatha.

Umkhosi amasela abahloli zawa phantsi eMoscow kunye nomyalezo nasemiqhokrweni yeengxondorha kwengqukuva kunye nezinye izixeko kweli lizwe, yaye ngenxa yoko ithombo iimveliso kuyo kunye neminye imithombo. Kwisixeko lwendlala. Shuya wavuma ukumkhulula emhadini bonke zezibonda. Ngelo xesha ke ukumkani wenza umfelandawonye nenkosi Swedish, ethembisa ummelwane kumantla iindawo ezimbalwa ukwenzela uncedo ekulweni nxamnye pretender.

Eyathatha waba lutshaba efungelweyo, isithsaba Swedish. Wathabatha umfelandawonye abamelwane njengoko eqamba esemthethweni imfazwe. Yibone Polish wayecinga ukuba uza kukwazi ukuthatha eMoscow, kuba ngelo xesha eRashiya iminyaka eliqela Nikhe esimweni isiphithiphithi kungekudala. Ngowe-1609 eyathatha wathi ngokusesikweni imfazwe Shumsky namabutho akhe bafudukela emdeni.

Amalungiselelo nasekuxinweni

Ngaloo ndlela kwaqalisa ekungqingweni ka ESmolensk. Esi sixeko ibekwe endleleni esuka ePoland eMoscow yaba 'ikhaka' eziphambili ingqukuva. Yi le nqaba kwafika umkhosi 20000th Polish. Ngeli xesha e ESmolensk waba amabutho encinane 5000th, ikhokelwa ngu iRhuluneli uMikhail Shein.

Ngomhla olwandulela ngokusesikweni phulo, ngoJanuwari 1609, eyathatha waba Sejm e Warsaw, apho izikhulu wanikela isicwangciso wayefuna phantsi angayibeka etroneni Russian unyana wakhe Vladislav. Entlakohlaza waqalisa kuphangwa inkqubo eentloko ezaxhobela Polish kwidolophu umda Russian zobukumkani. UMikhail Shein, sisazi ukuba kungekudala ukuze eze ESmolensk umkhosi lenene, pre-walungelelanisa ukwakhiwa beemboniselo kwi ngaphandle komzi. Indawo inqaba yayisiba xa ihlobo zonke iindlela zonke kwesihloko ekuhlala kuzo amajoni bobuxoki nguDmitry. Njengoko inkampu yakhe engundoqo akhiwe ipoma Tushino, yena waqala ukubiza Tushino, kunye nabantu bakhe - amadoda Tushino.

Kokurhangqwa ESmolensk, izibonda makhasi ngokukhawuleza kakhulu, ukuba kungabi ngenxa inyathelo elikhawulezileyo Shein. Wahlanganisa ke bonke gunners, abatoli nabantwana boyar ababe kufutshane. Ngo-Agasti, irhuluneli eli wathumela nemimiselo malunga nokugaywa amajoni ezivela ngamafa ezahlukeneyo. abalimi Peaceful bafundiswa ukusingatha izixhobo, ukuze babe nako ukukhusela kowabo.

Lenqaba irhuluneli yahlulwe iinxalenye ezimbini. amawaka amabini abantu kwimo iiyunithi zokungqinga, owawunesihloko ukuya ekupheleni ukuze akhusele iindonga inqaba. Ke ezinye imikhosi obumiselwe ekuhlaseleni wekampu yotshaba. Abanya lenqaba yahlulwe iiyunithi ezifanayo 38, ngalinye leyo ukukhusela inqaba omnye phezu kwenqaba. Ukuba ukuhlaselwa babengekho, inxalenye yesibini yomkhosi ujoyine isimemezelo yaye wancedisa kwiindawo apho utshaba singathatha phezu.

Loo nto iphumileyo ukukhusela ESmolensk ukusuka zezibonda. Imeko ngaphakathi enkampini kunye ingqeqesho ngqwabalala. Voevode ikwazile ukudibanisa zonke izibonelelo mzi. Empini baye banceda ikampu. Babeba iipatroli rhoqo ngeenxa zonke iindonga. Le nkonzo lwaqhutywa kwiinguqu, ngokuvumela iwotshi esweni ukhuseleko kwimida lwesixeko eso.

Isiqithi nayo umbuzo le tenements. Yaba yinxalenye mzi, ibekwe ngaphandle kweendonga zesixeko. Inani lilonke lamakhaya sifikelelwe 6000. Bonke bephela batshiswa nezibonda nako iingcambu apho. Population Posada efihlwe ngaphakathi iindonga, ngenxa yokuba oko kwaqala ngquzulwano kwisixeko phezu kwezindlu. Ekugqibeleni Shein wakhupha umyalelo njengako apho abanini propati babenenkululeko ukuvumela bengenamakhaya. irente Cash kwavalwa. Oku kuye ukuba iingxabano kuthotha. Nangona ubukumkani Russian ubunzima bangaphathwa iintshaba ezahlukeneyo, ngokubonakalayo ESmolensk ulungiselela nezokhuselo.

Imbonakalo zezibonda sisezindongeni ESmolensk

Abantu kuqala amalungiselelo Polish baya ESmolensk Septemba 16, 1609. Bakhokelwa ukapteni Lev Sapieha. Emva kwenye kweentsuku ezintathu ezo ndonga imikhosi kaKumkani eyathatha III. Ekuqaleni, yomkhosi utshaba yaba amawaka 12 abantu, kodwa ekuhambeni kwexesha eli nani zafikelela uphawu 22,000. Nangona ubukhulu zinto utshaba umkhosi waba neengxaki ezithile. Uyilelwe ikakhulu ngenxa intsimi yokulwa, ngoko kuyimfuneko ukuze engqingiweyo elihamba kunye zokudubula kufana ndingekho. Uninzi mbali mihla bayavuma ukuba eyathatha akusoze iintsuku niwungqingile umzi ixesha elide, yaye wayethembe ukuba ukufumana izitshixo kuye ngoko nangoko xa efika esangweni. Kodwa akulindeleyo zange kube njalo.

Ukuqala wayethimba ESmolensk yabalasela kukuba abahlaseli Polish yathatha ummandla ezikwere zeekhilomitha malunga namashumi amabini ababekweso sixeko nemimandla. A abalimi ezimbalwa, ngelo xesha nangoku siphila ekupheleni ESmolensk, zabandezwa zonke ukutya - nje athatha ukondla umkhosi wokumkani. Ukongeza, ezi lali kwakufuneka beze iimveliso kwixesha elizayo. Oku kwakhokelela ekubeni uninzi lwabantu bendawo babalekela nje ehlathini, kodwa akavuma sebenzisana notshaba. Xa imikhosi Polish ekugqibeleni ikwindawo efaneleke kakhulu ukuba ESmolensk irhuluneli waya umthunywa befuna emuva mzi. Okubhalwe Smolyan impendulo zahlukile. Ngokutsho kuguqulelo mnye, abahlali bayingqinga akazange aphendule nto, kwelinye - endikuthethayo kwixesha elilandelayo ukuze usele amanzi Dnieper izibonda (okt ukumka namanzi).

uhlaselo lokuqala

Wawuqala phantse iminyaka emithathu (1609-1611) ukuziphendulela ESmolensk. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba izibonda musa nokuba wenze isicwangciso zokungqinga yaye abazange ekuqaleni wayinyusa zokudubula kuyimfuneko. Esi sifo iye yanxulunyaniswa neminqweno engento eyathatha uzinikele ekhawulezayo kweso sixeko. Xa indawo jikelele kunye Hetman eliyi Zholkevsky, ngoko ngokunyaniseka ndathi kukumkani ukuba umkhosi luswele izibonelelo ukuba aqhube ukubetha ngempumelelo lolokwexeshana. Lowo ngoko kuphakanyiswa ukuba ushiye ESmolensk kwi yaye kuvalwe, kwaye imikhosi eziphambili ukuya ku eMoscow. Eyathatha, kunjalo, isicwangciso akwenziwanga wavuma waza wayalela ukuba balungiselele ngenxa yokuhlaselwa.

iinjineli Polish baye bazama ukudelela emasangweni eziliqela, kodwa zange baphumelele, nangenxa zonke abavikeli sixeko ngexesha ukucwangcisa log-ndlu, ezizaliswe ngamatye nomhlaba. Ezi kwazanywa emini, lo gama kakhulu izenzo sotshaba ikampu. venture elandelayo senzeka ebusuku. Nezibonda wakwazi ukujongela emasangweni Avramievskie, kodwa akukho inzuzo ebonakalayo zatsho phantsi. Abantu ababa kudlula umsantsa ngenxa kwintlangano abaziintsizana uhlaselo kwexesha okubonisa ekuqaleni kuhlaselwa, leyo ndayibonayo ikampu. Resistance ESmolensk kwaba isimanga abahlaseli. Abantu wavula umlilo enzima, nto leyo ukuchetywa ezintlwini imiqobo kunye Lithuanians. Isizathu sokuba iilahleko ezinkulu ilele ekwakhiweni eshinyeneyo-mkhosi lihamba. utolo Russian wawa utshaba phantse lonke ixesha. abavikeli isiteshi wabavumela ukuba umlilo eminqubeni yasebukhosini, leyo yayimi kumgama kakhulu ukusuka kwindawo yokulwa ngqo kwesango.

Emva kokuba ukungaphumeleli ephangweni kwimpuma izibonda bagqiba ukuya kwinqanaba lohlaselo kwi kwiindawo ezisemantla kunye ntshona zokuzifaka apha. Umlo kwegazi kwenzeka kufuphi Dnieper Pyatnitskikh namasango apho amakhulu abantu amajoni macala omabini babulawa. Ngeli xesha linzima uMikhail Shein krelekrele wasebenzisa amaqhinga yokubandakanyeka olusebenzayo reserve mobile, ebonakala apho edabini ukuba nijike baxhasa yotshaba.

Le ngemipu of bodidi encinane, nto leyo lalibukele nabangqingi ngemihla kwangoko, akazange enze umonakalo elibalulekileyo Olubanzi Wall ESmolensk Fortress. It umemeze abavikeli abubonileyo ngamampunge imigudu yotshaba.

Selula angqingo elide

Ukuhlasela lokuqala asiphumelelanga waphela ngoSeptemba 27, 1609. Ixesha Iingxaki azizange zikuthintele abavikeli inqaba yokuhlanganisa ngempumelelo yaye zibonisa ukuhlaselwa lutshaba. Ekuqaleni kuka-Oktobha ukuya amajoni ukunisa abazibandakanyileyo abantu-10 000 phakathi Cossacks. A nqanaba entsha zokungqinga. Ngoku ke iinjineli Polish kunye sappers bazama ziziqhuqhe iindonga utshaba, Asebenzisa ubuqili. Loo nto inika umdla into yokuba nkqu ukumkani baqesha a iingcali amazwe yasentshona (kubandakanywa baseJamani), ngubani ngempumelelo kwakhokelela imfazwe sam yeemfazwe zaseYurophu. Practice lubonise ukuba inxalenye enkulu yemizamo yabo e ESmolensk kwaba lilize.

Ngelo xesha eyathatha hayi wawuqokelela umkhosi ukulungiselela ukuhlasela. Kodwa abavikeli ESmolensk ayihlali bengasebenzi. Lenqaba walala phantse onke amasango, kuncitshiswa ukuya ubuncinane inani iindawo ukuze apho bengena esixekweni. Scouts ngexesha aveze ufakelo zam rhoqo kwiindonga yaye akazange anikezele imiqobo iinqaba umonakalo. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, ikampu kutyhilwa zonke semngciphekweni, ekuthe umbandezeli ukungena ngaphakathi. Kukho oonogada rhoqo ahlelwa.

Kule mo, nasekuxinweni zathatha iinyanga eziliqela. Ngamaxesha athile ESmolensk wahlela sortie, apho kutshabalalisa izibonelelo utshaba kunye namanzi kufunxwa. Xa kuqala ebusika, ezifana kwathunyelwa kumaqela flying ukuqokelela iinkuni. Ngelo xesha, umphathi uMikhail Skopin-Shuya ekugqibeleni uvulelwe eMoscow. Emva koko, ngasemva yomkhosi Polish baqalisa impi yokulwela esebenzayo. It iyaphalala imikhosi kunye eyathatha wamnika isiqabu sibekwe.

Noko ke, ngelishwa ngenxa Smolyan, ubusika 1609-1610 gg. Lwema ngaphandle ingakumbi ngqwabalala. Kuneqabaka Wanciphisa ekampini kwaye amshiya phantse akukho izinto. Kwisixeko lwendlala. Xa kufuphi Moscow Tushino kwinkampu wawa, imiqobo emininzi, ezibe e Moscow, weza phantsi umyalelo we Zolkiewski kunye noxinzelelo nochatha ESmolensk ongqingiweyo. Entlakohlaza isixeko weva ngokufa ngesiquphe Skopin-Shumsky, bonke amelwe ithemba lokoyisa phezu interventionists. Ingqwayi entsha, wafa eMoscow emva kokuba ngendlela echuliweyo lingcoliswe izinduna.

Ngaphandle kulo ilishwa, umkhosi wokumkani kodwa bayishiya kwikomkhulu, ukuba azigxothe abahlaseli ukusuka ezindongeni njengomzi ongqingiweyo. Lo mkhosi woyiswa kwi Idabi Klushino Juni 24, 1610. Ophumelele kujike kube zonke efanayo eliyi Zolkiewski eshiye ngokukodwa enkampini kufuphi ESmolensk, ukunika isigqibo idabi umkhosi Russian-Swedish. Kodwa ezi ndaba akazange ndayihluthwa umnqweno ongqingiweyo ukulwa abahlaseli de kube sekupheleni.

Ukuba ihlobo ekugqibeleni izibonda bazisa zokudubula ngokupheleleyo, kuyingozi enkulu ukuba iindonga zesixeko. ESmolensk I zokungqinga yaqhubeka. June 18 malunga amaninzi imipu Tower wakwazi ukuba atyhudise isikhewu esikhulu. Eyathatha wayalela ekuqaleni edlwengulwa elandelayo. ukuhlaselwa amathathu sele yenziwe, kodwa bonke bephela, ukuba ukumangala yokumkani, yaphela ukusilela. Smolyan ngokoqobo wawulahla Ashera ikhefu. Voivod Shein yokukhusela wanceda ukukhokela Peter Gorchakov.

bodwa lokugqibela of ESmolensk

Ngelo xesha, ukusuka eMoscow kwafika iindaba ukuba ukumkani Vasiliy Shuysky yabhukuqwayo ngexesha boyar ubhedu. abalawuli New yesicelo beseka yokumkani Polish. Xa historiography wolawulo bahlala elifutshane eyaziwa ngokuba izinduna Seven. ESmolensk lafika ukuze anikezele esixekweni eyathatha. Noko ke, uMikhail Shein engavumi ukuthobela. Abemi inqaba ngazwinye inkxaso isigqibo sakhe. utshintsho Smoot nezopolitiko eMoscow akabanga ukusebenza isimo ongqingiweyo. Emva phantse emibini kweminyaka ubunzima abantu baqhele ezahlukeneyo ubunzima kunye nezibonda ndamthiya.

Eyathatha wafunda ukungathobeli Shein wamnika ithuba ESmolensk leentsuku ezintathu ukuya anikezele umzi. Kungenjalo wathembisa ukuba abulale bonke. Kusenjalo ESmolensk waba itonela ukuya kwizithuba izibonda nokujongela phantsi zokudubula zabo. Ngenxa yoko, eyathatha kwafuneka ukuba ukucela imipu ezintsha ekhaya, enanikelwayo ekulweni ngaphambili ezinye iinyanga ezimbini. Ngeli xesha, abahlali bayingqinga akwazi ukubamba umoya wakhe. Ezinye izinduna ESmolensk wayethingaza imfuneko zokhuselo ngenxa kokuwa eMoscow. Shein zicinezelwa lo mood amaqhophololo. Ukongeza, ekwindla oko kwazeka malunga umbutho of the People Kuqala wakhe wamajoni, leyo bayiqinisa ithemba abavikeli usindiso yabo.

Ukuwa kwenqaba

zokungqinga yesibini ebusika, ababaninzi sasinda. Kule minyaka imbalwa idlulileyo - 1609-1611 - wawalwela ESmolensk ekugqibeleni ediniwe abahlali. Ukwazi oku, izibonda abaye Juni 3 ukubetha entsha. Bakwazi ukuba atyhudise izithuba ezindongeni. ESmolensk abavikeli lweMedia nzulu umzi, walwa abahlaseli ezitratweni. Abahlaseli abaqalise ngogonyamelo ongenalusini. Phakathi kwabo kwakukho mercenaries abanganyanisekanga, ngubani warhalela igazi. Iqela elikhulu abahlali bendawo, kuquka abafazi nabantwana, wazimela kuloo ndlu yecawa ka Monomakh. Iitempile badla abe nokuzimela yokugqibela emizini ungqingwe ngaloo maxesha. Phantsi icawa kuvimba kwazo. Yena yasha ukryvshimisya abahlali. Iliza ngokufutha watshabalalisa etempileni, ngexesha elifanayo yokungcwaba abahlaseli ezininzi.

Isiphelo Mihaila Sheina kunye namanye amabanjwa

Yaphela kanjalo wayethimba ESmolensk zezibonda. irhuluneli okhaliphileyo uMikhail Shein, ngubani iminyaka emibini walwa kumkhosi kakumkani, wazivalela ngokwakhe kwelinye ezinde, walwa izibonda wokugqibela. Wayenezalamane ecaleni kuye, bambongoza ukuba anikezele, kungekhona ukuzibulala. Ekugqibeleni wabaphulaphula intsapho yakhe, wayibeka phantsi iingalo zabo. Governor yakhokelela eyathatha. Lo kumkani, nasekuxinweni nomsindo leminyaka emibini, leyo sisazama kuphela umkhosi, kodwa yabangela umonakalo omkhulu negama nokumkani. Abafa iingangamsha ezininzi - umbala besizwe kunye nenkxaso etroneni. Ukuba uMikhail Shein waye unobangela yonke le shame. Ngoko ke, ukumkani waphatha mbanjwa bonke ukuhlukunyezwa. Wayalela irhuluneli sentuthumbo, ukuba wadlula bonke abalandeli bakhe. On top of the ndidiniwe Shein zithathwe ePoland, apho phantsi nokudelelwa, uphawu ngelo xesha: ukubunjwa wenziwa ngayo isixeko, eyenziwa ngendlela buyo evulekileyo, etc ...

ESmolensk kwirhuluneli, kwakunye nabanye abaphikisi ezininzi ezibalulekileyo karhulumente Polish eRashiya waba ibanjwa ixesha elide. Kwafuneka anyamezele olunye uvavanyo. Owayesakuba Tsar Vasily Shumsky, kwicala baba ESmolensk wayo, yathinjwa izibonda emva kokufika kwabo eMoscow. Lo mlawuli yamsusa naye wathunyelwa imbeko eyathatha. On intlanganiso behlazekile kunye nokumkani wayekho, kunye Shein.

Xa sokungenelela Polish eRashiya, yasilela, yaye abasemagunyeni eMoscow weza uMikhail Romanov, into yokuqala ufuna ukuba akhulule onke amabanjwa, kuquka irhuluneli ESmolensk. Oku kwenzeka kuphela ngo-1619, xa imfazwe phakathi kwamazwe ezimbini ekugqibeleni phezu. UMikhail Shein wabuyela ekhaya iqhawe lesizwe. Yaba enye umthinjwa ebalulekileyo Polish kunye naye - Fedor Romanov. Yaba uyise kakumkani, uMikayeli, owathi kamva waba uMphathi eMoscow.

inani Defense

Ngaphandle kwento yokuba kwiminyaka 1609-1611 (ESmolensk ukuziphendulela baphela kokuwa mzi) baba buhlungu ngenxa yembali Russia, uloyiso yomkhosi Polish nga kubizwa ngokuba uloyiso Pyrrhic. Emva kweminyaka emibini enesiqingatha yenkcaso yobuqhawe abemi dolophu bodwa wakhonza likhuthaze abanye abantu Russian, ababonakala ukuba aphume yemfazwe. iziganeko ESmolensk ibize ndaweninye okokugqibela imikhosi ewela ngasemva. Athotywa ke kuqala, uze emva koko owesibini umkhosi wamajoni. Kuyinto Ekugqibeleni ezi imikhosi wabakhulula eMoscow evela abahlaseli wadala imiqathango ukwenzela ukulawula i Romanovs ukuya etroneni.

Ukufika yomkhosi eyathatha ukuya ESmolensk kunye nonyaka-emibini ukulibaziseka phantsi iindonga zayo neziphumo lwezoqoqosho Poland. Ukumkani kwafuneka ukuthumela inkoliso izibonelelo enkampini, ahlulwe mzi ongqingiweyo, ngoxa yena waphulukana inyathelo qhinga eMoscow kunye nezinye iingingqi ebalulekileyo. Xa ESmolensk ekugqibeleni wawa, umkhosi Polish sele yophiswa amhlophe kwaye abakwazi ukuhlala ixesha elide kwikomkhulu Russian. Total wawungqinga ukumkani ezilahlekileyo amajoni malunga amashumi amathathu amawaka baqeqeshwe kakuhle. Eyathatha akazange ukucinga abaninzi kangakanani na ukuya kungcwaba amajoni akhe ESmolensk yesicelo. Imbali yale angqingo sisasetyenziswayo kubonwa izinto zatshintsha isitshixo kwaye Bexesha Iingxaki. Emva kokuba kuthinjwe ESmolensk, ukumkani wabuyela kwilizwe lakhe.

Russian-Polish imfazwe ka 1609-1618 gg. It yaphela into yokuba esi sixeko nangoku wadlulela Commonwealth. Kodwa ESmolensk waba balawulwa lwasemzini waphila elifutshane. Ngowe-1654, sele nonyana uMikhail Romanov Alexei, yena wabuyela kummandla Russian. Xa imfazwe impahla eMoscow yaye yathathwa Ekhohlo Bank Ukraine (kubandakanywa eKiev), engumqondiso ngokuhlanganisa nelembali mazwe asempuma nokuxubana.

ESmolensk ukuziphendulela uye waba mde kwimbali lizwe. Kubekho ubukumkani Russian abazange ukukhusela isixeko sabo ukuzingisa enjalo. Emva kokuba ukubuya ESmolensk xa Alexei Romanov, engazange abe yinxalenye Poland.

In Russia mihla, oko yasekwa holide Day Unity yeSizwe, nto leyo lubhiyozelwa rhoqo ngonyaka ngoNovemba 4. Nguwo lo mhla yokuthabatha Moscow yesicelo wamajoni of Minin kunye Pozharsky.