Ixesha Iingxaki e Russia

Ixesha Iingxaki kwimbali eRashiya ubunzima obukhulu ezichaphazela inkqubo angaphandle, kwezentlalo isigaba, ezoqoqosho kunye zokomoya. Ekuqaleni ithuba kweyama-16 neye-17, oko ehambelana kunye namaqela boyarskie ngxabano, iyileyo iye wafuna ngamandla. Phantse intlekele kuthathwa ukuba Ixesha Iingxaki eRashiya.

Izinto ezibangela le ntlekele ezibe ekonakaleni kwezoqoqosho karhulumente, ukwanda ngezikhondo zamehlo ekuhlaleni ngenxa yemfazwe Livonian (ukususela 1558 de-1583) kunye oprichnina. Ezona mpawu ziphambili eli xesha ziquka noosiyazi, ngoncedo, bhetye. Abanye ababhali uthambekele ukuqwalasela Ixesha Iingxaki eRashiya emfazweni yokuqala yamakhaya.

Eli xesha kuqikelelwa yi ababephila, njengoko xesha "shatosti", "ukuphoxeka ubuchopho" yabangela ngenxa lweemfazwe ukungqubana egazi.

Ixesha Iingxaki baqalisa yeengxaki dynastic eRashiya. Tsar Ivan Grozny ngokubulala unyana wakhe Ivan. Weza ngamandla, lo wesibini - Fedor. Unyana yesithathu nguDmitry wafa. Abaninzi ngelo xesha babekholelwa ukuba umfundisi yokugqibela wahlatywa Boris Godunov, eneneni wadlala indima yokuba ngumlawuli eli lizwe. Emva kokufa engenabantwana Fyodor Godunov weza ngamandla. Ngoko ke, urhulumente ezilahlekileyo indlalifa yokugqibela Rurik.

Godunov yayigqalwa umlawuli olumkileyo eNamandla, kodwa bayeke Knights ngamayelenqe ayiphumelelanga.

Oku kwalandelwa isivuno ihlwempu, nto leyo ebangela indlala. Isiphumo yaba dubulo lokuqala kwezentlalo. Kwangaxeshanye, nento Russia wakhawuleza ukusebenzisa Rzeczpospolita (Polish-Lithuanian Union). Ngelo xesha Poland uye Lzhedmitry I of (Grigoriy Otrepev, galich nene ababesithi amaxhoba, unyana ka Ivana Groznogo).

Emva kokufa ngesiquphe Godunov and non-ukuqatshelwa umlawuli unyana wakhe Feodor, nguDmitry False I ekupheleni kuka 1604 kunye nomkhosi encinane eRussia. Ngenxa yoko, phantse bhedengu ngonyaka ebusa. NguDmitry wobuxoki, wabhukuqwa. Ukumkani waye wachongwa Vasiliy Shuysky.

Kufutshane eMoscow, ngeniswa kwilali Tushino ngo-1608, lo omtsha mavunwa nguDmitry II (imvelaphi yayo ayaziwa), wayingqinga eMoscow.

Ixesha Iingxaki eRashiya ngowe-1609 luphawulwa kukwahlukana lizwe. In impangele ookumkani ababini, ababini Dumas, looSolusapho emibini (in Tushino e Moscow Filaret noHermogene). Ngoko ke, oko kwasekwa imimandla emibini. A Igunya recognised institution of nguDmitry False II, kwaye eyesibini Shumsky oyinyaniso.

Ngowe-1610, ngoJulayi, Shuya wabhukuqwa yaye ngenkani tonsured yimonki. Okwethutyana amandla wadlulela "ibhunga asixhenxe." Lo rhulumente isayinwe eyathatha III (King of Poland), isivumelwano ekwakhiweni itrone Wladyslaw (unyana eyathatha III).

1611 luphawulwa mandundu ziimvakalelo ubuzwe, ukukhula iminxeba ukuze abuyisele umanyano karhulumente kunye nesiphelo yembambano. Kulo nyaka ngayo wabumba umkhosi wamajoni kuqala. Noko ke, ukuba akhulule eMoscow esandleni "ibhunga asixhenxe" ayiphumelelanga. athathwe First inciphisiwe. E Pskov, mna ngaxeshanye uyinkosi Bubuxoki nguDmitry III.

Kukuwa yesibini lenzeka kwi liphulo umkhosi wamajoni ka Minin kunye Pozharsky. Ngenxa yoko, emva komjikelo kwi eMoscow ngo- 1612 (26 Oktobha), ikomkhulu akhululwa. Ngowe-1613, i-Zemsky Sobor wonyulwa irhuluneli elinesithandathu uMikhail Romanov. Ngaphezu koko, wabuya ekuthinjweni eRashiya uBhishophu Filaret (uyise Michael leyo).

Ngowe-1617 Stolbovsky uxolo yasayinwa, apho eSweden iphumelele nonxweme Gulf of Finland kunye Korela inqaba. Kunyaka olandelayo, isgqibo sagqitywa kunye ePoland, ngenxa apho Russia wamnika Chernigov yakhe, ESmolensk, kunye nezinye izixeko.

Nangona ilahleko ezibalulekileyo sobummandla kunye ntlekele yetyala enzima iphelile. Nangona kunjalo, ifuthe ezibangele ukuba Ixesha Iingxaki eRashiya, shazelwa ngakumbi kule minyaka ilishumi ezayo.