Aphorism - yintoni na le nto? Intsingiselo lungelelanisa yegama elithi "aphorism"

Aphorism - le dictum, nto leyo zenzeka kudala. Science, nto leyo izibandakanye kwisifundo yayo, aphorism nazyvetsya. It olubeka mbuzo ubalulekileyo: "Xa athe wabonakala kule ncwadi? Le nto iyaziwa ixesha elide, babonakala kutsha nje? "Ukuze ukunika impendulo eziphathekayo lo mbuzo, simele sihlolisise imbali. Kodwa umntu kufuneka alumke kwaye iqwalasele nezinye iinkalo ezimbini: i aphorism njenge uhlobo kwaye lizwi.

Ukuvela kwe aphorism nje amazwi

Le nto iyaziwa kakuhle ixesha elide. Nokuba kwi-owuva ye-5 BC leminyaka. e. NoHippocrates, umphengululi yamandulo yamaGrike, ebizwa ama kwi aphorisms amayeza. Oku kukhomba zixilonga iimpawu zezifo ezithile, ngokunjalo ukuba bangakunqanda njani, wabaphilisa. Namhlanje, uninzi lwezi aphorisms ezaziwayo :. "Ubomi - kuba ixesha elifutshane, yaye lwezobugcisa elide", "Musa ukwenza okubi - akayi kuba sisoyika," njl uncwadi Antique Isenokumxelela malunga nokusetyenziswa kolu luvo. izazinzulu German P. Rekvadt, F. Schalck wabonisa ukuba ilizwi akazange ixabiso unyango kuphela, kodwa isetyenziswe ilizwi olumkileyo, gnome, zithi, kwakunye zixinaniswe ngqo uhlobo.

Ukuqaliswa ingqiqo zenzululwazi ezahlukeneyo

Ngenkulungwane 8, wabe wathi "aphorism" - libinzana lezamayeza. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, oko waqala yandele kwamanye amashishini. Waqala ukuba abonakale yezobugqi, ezopolitiko, intanda kunye nomthetho. UNero le yabamisela utshintsho aphorism amayeza kwicandelo kwezopolitiko. Ke wathelekisa urhulumente womuntu, nto leyo efunekayo unyango amayeza esesikweni kunye namayeza. Antonio Perez wayekholelwa ukuba aphorism - kodwa amazwi akhe kwezopolitiko malunga nokuziphatha. Abaphengululi abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba uhlobo loncwadi bezobugcisa.

Ukuqaliswa kwe iincwadi Russian

Kuphela ngenkulungwane ye-18 eRashiya kwakukho into enjalo. Igama elithi "aphorism" kutolikwa ngokwemiqathango amayeza kunye noncwadi. Le ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-19 yabalasela ukubonakala iincwadi, leyo waziwa ngokuba aphorisms. Ngoko ke, K. itshayiwe lapapasha ingqokelela, leyo kuthiwa "Aphorisms, okanye ezikhethiweyo iingcinga ababhali ezahlukeneyo ...". Emva koko, le ncwadi yaqala ukuvela kunye iingxelo ezinjalo, yaye kamva lo gama waba othandwa kakhulu. Kwakukho eninzi lweengqokelela aqulethe ibinzana ababhali ezahlukeneyo. Emva kokuba efile phantsi umdla kancinane, kwaye ekupheleni kwenkulungwane yama-20 kwakukho iincwadi njalo ngokuba "aphorisms." Namhlanje eli gama kuqwalaselwa kuphela amanani zoncwadi.

Imbali aphorism nje uhlobo

Imbali aphorism njengokuba hlobo uthathwa ukuba kakhulu ngakumbi enokuphikiswa yaye nzima, kodwa ngaxeshanye yaye kubaluleke ngaphezu yangaphambili. Ngomhla umbuzo wokuba yintoni aphorism igama njenge uhlobo, phendula eziqhitsini akekho omnye. E eJamani, bakholelwa ukuba Yavuka kuphela iincwadi mihla, kwaye ayinanto yakwenza ne uhlobo. Noko ke, abanye abaphengululi bathi aphorism - le ngxelo. Kuyimfuneko ke ngoko ukuba siqwalasele imbali yakhe ngokwembono utsho. uncwadi Modern uthi esithi kunye aphorism - oko kunto efanayo. Namhlanje, la magama neminye imiba enxulumene kakhulu kunye namagama iinkcuba yamandulo. amazwi antique mihla ebizwa aphorisms. Ukuba abanto komnye akukho ezahlukeneyo kwaye abe neempawu ezifanayo ngokwemiqathango kuhlobo: emfutshane, imifanekiso, ubulumko, umbhali kunye nokuphelela kwisemantiki. Konke oku kubonisa ukuba basonta uhlobo olufanayo. Ngamanye amazwi, aphorisms - amazwi mihla kunye neentetho - idluleyo zabo. Bona, Kakade ke, kufuneka iimpawu zabo, kodwa ukuthetha synonymy lwabo Nangoku kucetyiswa, njengoko abathile umahluko.

Imbali aphorism, amazwi

Le nkqubo yaqala kudala ngaphambi kokuba kubekho igama elithi "aphorism" ngokwayo. Kukho ubungqina nkqu BC yesithathu. e. e Egypt kwakukho amazwi. Zikwafumaneka xa impucuko ezininzi East. Zithandwa ukuba eGrisi. Ukuze ube amazwi asinda uPlato, uSocrates, Pythagoras, uEpicurus, kunye nezinye izazi. Xa Renaissance, zawutwabulula eYurophu. Xa umsebenzi Erasmus «Adagia» liye laqokelela inani elikhulu zemihlathi ezinamaphiko kunye namaqhalo. E England aphorisms wadala iWilde, Shaw, Smiles kunye nabanye. Ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-19 waqalisa ukufunda uyilo sethiyori nentsingiselo lungelelanisa yegama elithi "aphorism". Kufuneka kuqatshelwe nokongezwa ebalulekileyo lwezifundo kunye nokuqaliswa ehlekisayo. Yiloo nto aphorisms alaqhenqetha ukuhlalutya uncwadi, ezopolitiko kunye nembali. Guqula indlela, naliphi na aphorisms ahlekisayo, umlinganiswa ngamazwi kunye satirical, leyo zange iqatshelwe amazwi ephakathi.

Aphorisms. Yintoni na? imizekelo yokusetyenziswa

Encyclopedia ichaza aphorism njengoko uhlobo iingxelo evumela usebenzisa ezi- obuphezulu beyiseke usebenzisa iingxelo. Asinto nako ukubonisa indlela ingqiqo, yaye kusetyenziswa umlinganiselo amagama engalindelekanga. ingxelo Umbhali uqinisekile ukuchaneka kwaye isebenzisa clutch nehlekisayo kunye original kwamagama. Ecacileyo, kufuneka kuqwalaselwe imizekelo aphorisms yamandulo. Gorky wathi: "Ilungelo ukunika, uthabathe ilungelo." Mayakovsky: "Ilizwi - injengele yomkhosi zabantu." Descartes: "Ndicinga - ndzi swi ndzi khona." Marx: "Unqulo - umlaliso wabantu 'kunye nabanye.

Eyona engundoqo iimpawu aphorisms

Bonke bephela engalindelekanga kwaye yokuqala. Yiloo nto sisebenza ezingqondweni zethu. Yokuba ukuqonda nzulu ngenene ezele nesenzeko ezizichazayo. Bona azinamgaqo ubungqina ngqo kwaye unokuxelwa kwangaphambil. A isici esasenza kubo kucingwa ukuba ingqiqo. Ukuba kulungile ukubonakalisa, unako ukufumana iingxoxo eziyimfuneko kunye nobungqina. Ezichaphazela inkumbulo yethu amagama yayo yoqobo. A Ixabiso lwesemantiki kuchaphazela ukuqaphela kwethu. Kukho abo amazwi kuphando kakhulu engalindelekanga kwaye musa ungqamane izimvo zabantu abaninzi. Nangona kunjalo, ezi mpawu ke ukuba batye. Umntu akakwazi ukuba aphorisms ezi amanqe, kwaye ziphikisana. Bona oonyana yenzululwazi. Namhlanje, ukuba basondele ngqo kuyo yayo ubhalo kunye rhoqo.

iimpawu izihloko

Ngokuqhelekileyo, le aphorisms ijoliswe imibuzo i "engunaphakade". Babeka iinyaniso ukuba kudala lilityelweyo, kodwa zibalulekile ngokwaneleyo. Zinaso, imvulophu omtsha kakhulu yokuqala. Kwaye ngamandla ngokwaneleyo kutsala kwaye alimise kuyo kwinkumbulo. Aphorisms abanayo kuhlasela ecaweni, ngokungafaniyo amazwi. Sisoloko wazi ngqo ababhali babo. Izifundo amazwi abe indlela yokuziphatha ngentsulungeko, kunye aphorisms kulo lebanga banzi kakhulu. Kukho ezininzi aphorisms, ezigxeka. Omnye wabo wathi UViktor Gyugo: "Impi nasemgoqweni." Ezinye zazo ironical. D. jeremic wathi: "Abenzi baze abo bafuna ukuqalisa ukuzisa ulonwabo kwabanye." Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba babe isa- zothando kunye imvakalelo. Baye ke isihloko "isimbo phezulu". Namhlanje kusekho ezohlula ingqiqo ka "aphorism" yaye "isigwebo", nangona ukuba eninzi ezifanayo. Zinelungelo imbali efanayo kwaye lilungu uhlobo olufanayo. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba iimbono eziphosakeleyo kwi aphorism namhlanje sele bazenzela ngayo ...