I Maastricht isivumelwano

I Maastricht Treaty kwakubaluleke kakhulu umba kumanyano lwezopolitiko yaseYurophu ithi. Yena esatyikitywa ngowe-1992, Februwari 7, eNetherlands.

1989-90 baphatheka ixesha esinzima. Kwelinye icala, ukuba nizame ukukudibanisa iJamani wagxeka ukuba ingqalelo ngokwaneleyo kumdla abamelwane. Kwelinye icala, uMargaret Thatcher (British Prime Minister) wavakalisa uloyiko malunga kubungangamsha kunokwenzeka isiJamani kumbindi Yurophu. Enyanisweni, emva begazi eJamani likhaya kubantu malunga asibhozo ezigidi. Intloko iKhabhinethi British wamoyika amaJamani ubunganga phezu kwezinye iintlanga. Fransua Mitteran (uMongameli French) kwakhona uyakholiswa kakhulu ukuyilwa lukarhulumente enkulu kumda okwimpuma yeli lizwe. Ngoko ke, kukho phambili ngokusekwa kwe-European Union.

Ingcamango ubunye bakumazwe asele luxhaswe Fransua Mitteran kunye uHelmut kohl (Chancellor of Germany). Ngowe-1992, i-yingqonyela yaseJamani, othatha oluthethwa inkxaso wokutyikitywa kwale Maastricht iSivumelwano kwi Congress of the olawulayo Christian Democratic Union. UHelmut kohl wathi uphuhliso Europe ixhomekeke ubukhulu becala kuphuhliso, eJamani, Germany tye phakathi kwilizwekazi.

Isayinwe i Maastricht iSivumelwano kubonelelwa kuphela manyano ithi kwinkalo yezopolitiko. Obekumele ukuba ukwakha umbutho lwemali. Oku kwakuthetha ukuba nje kudala uqoqosho elimanyeneyo yaseYurophu, kodwa umgaqo-nkqubo angaphandle kunye nomgaqo-nkqubo yokhuseleko. Ngoko, kwafuneka ukuba kusekwe isithuba "EU wezangaphandle".

I Maastricht Treaty kubonelelwe ngayo (kamva) ngabemi omnye kubo bonke abantu abahlala kuloo mazwe EU. Njengoko kuba amandla yangaphakathi isixhobo, kufuneka zihambelane nemithetho-siseko yedemokhrasi.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba isigqibo ukwazisa lwemali olulodwa "euro" iye yabangela oorhulumente ezininzi kakhulu yokusabela eyomeleleyo. Amazwe boyika ukuba, anqunyulwe iimali zabo wesizwe, baya kuza kozinzo kwezoqoqosho kunye nokunyuka kwamaxabiso.

Noko ke, ngo-1996, iJamani ecetywayo iseti amanyathelo ukuqinisekisa uqeqesho olungqongqo kwezezimali kunye ezijolise ekuthinteleni ukunyuka okukhulu ematyaleni zemali. Njengokuba umkhuba kubonisiwe kule minyaka ilandelayo, onke la manyathelo ziye ngempumelelo kakhulu ekulondolozeni imali eseleyo mali uninzi European Union.

Iingxoxo kwisivumelwano esitsha phantsi kwempembelelo kweziganeko eMpuma Yurophu. Baphela eSoviet Union (ngo-1991). kumazwe amaninzi aseMpuma Yurophu nangaphambi eSoviet Union waqalisa ukuseka urhulumente wedemokhrasi ukuze bajoyine i-EU ngokukhawuleza kangangoko kunokwenzeka.

I Maastricht Treaty wangena ukusebenza ngo-1993, ngoNovemba. ibizwa ngokuba, ngokuhambelana esixekweni, nto leyo eye ityikityiwe.

Ubukho i-European Union kuye kwafika kubo bonke. Namhlanje yenye zoluntu ezingundoqo ehlabathini. Kufuneka ke ukuba amanye amazwe angamalungu ye-European Union. Namhlanje, uthi mabini anesixhenxe eRomania, Bulgaria, Estonia, Czech Republic, Slovenia, Slovakia, Poland, Malta, Lithuania, Latvia, naseSipro, Hungary, Sweden, Finland, Austria, Spain, Portugal, Greece, Ireland, Denmark, UK, France, Netherlands , Luxembourg, Italy, eJamani, Belgium.

Imiqathango ye-Maastricht Treaty libonelela isixa esithile ityala likarhulumente naliphi EU ilungu likarhulumente (akukho ngaphezu kwe-60% ye-GDP) kunye intsilelo mali kufuneka ingadluli-3% of GDP. Ukunyuka kwamaxabiso kufuneka ingadluli avareji izinga lokukhula kwamaxabiso kwi kumazwe amathathu kunye index lisezantsi kuyo.