Iziyobisi Neuroprotective - ntoni na? Nootropics. Amalungiselelo isenzo nootropic

Nootropics - Yintoni na le yeza? Impendulo umbuzo ufumana inqaku ukuzithoba. Ukongeza, uya kufunda ngembali lemvelaphi yabo, imigaqo yokusebenza, iimpawu, imbonakaliso kunye neziphumo kwi sicelo.

Overview

iziyobisi Neuroprotective - ntoni na? La machiza ukuphucula ukusebenza kwengqondo, uvuseleleke umzimba ixesha elide. It evuselela neyrometabolicheskie ukuba nesiphumo isebenze ekufundeni. Ukongeza, ukuba kakhulu ngcono ukusebenza kwengqondo nememori. Igama elithi "nootropic" yenziwe ngamagama amabini Greek νους kunye τροπή, gama elo elithetha "ingqondo" yaye "ukutshintsha", ngokulandelelana kwazo.

incazelo

isenzo nootropic zamachiza abanayo kwiklasi ukuhlelwa amachiza ezonyango. Kungenxa yoko le nto beye sele idityaniswe nalawa mziba kwaye zanyangwa iqela pharmacotherapeutic yangqinelana ath ilandelayo ikhowudi: N06VH.

Imbali ingenzeka

Ngowe-1963, le pharmacologists Belgian kunye S. V. Skondia Giurgea kuhlelwe iziyobisi kuqala kwiqela simelwe ngu - "Pyracetam". Namhlanje drug nootropic eyaziwa ukuba izigulane ezininzi njenge "Nootropil". Kanye psychostimulant kwinkulungwane yama-20, iphucula yengqondo umthamo womntu , wenjenje akukho iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga.

Ngowe-1972, enye wabaseki medicament kuye kwandululwa elithi "nootropic" ukubonisa iqela iziyobisi inkumbulo yengqondo, ukufunda ingqalelo, kwakunye zichaphazela transcallosal enokubakho ilifa umsebenzi antihypoxic kwaye musa sizibhokoxe iziphumo ezibi zomzimba.

Mu kuya kwa nshita psychostimulants eyaziwa kunye nootropics enza iiseli zemithambo-luvo, nto leyo kukhokelela ekwandeni umsebenzi wabo, nto leyo ubuninzi kunokuba qualitative. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba isenzo koninzi la machiza hayi zibonakale emva kwedosi yokuqala kunye nonyango ixesha elide.

nootropics ezintsha

Okwangoku, ngaphezulu kwama-10 nootropics original kuhlelwe pyrrolidine series, leyo ke kwisigaba 3 lingo lwezonyango, okanye ibhaliswe kwamanye amazwe. Phakathi loo machiza ukuba kuchongwa "oxiracetam", "nefiracetam", "Etiratsetam", "Aniracetam", "Rolziratsetam", "Izatsetam", "pramiracetam", "Tsebratsetam", "Dupratsetam", "Detiratsetam" et al. Amayeza Eza kuye igama eliqhelekileyo "racetam".

Ngaphandle bonke abanye, kwaye kuhlelwe nezinye nootropics usapho kuquka GABAergic, cholinergic, glutamatergic kunye nenkqubo peptidergic. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba eyona nto nootropic esebenzayo ekhoyo kwezinye imithi, anesibambiso imichiza imvelaphi eyahlukileyo.

isimiso ukusebenza

Nootropics - olunjani amachiza, kwaye apho bamiswe? Isiseko yezenzo konwaywa kumayeza anjalo ubuxoki iindlela ezininzi:

• isebenze iinkqubo zeplastiki kwinkqubo luvo ngenxa yokwanda protein RNA yokuqaphela;
• uphuculo karhulumente eneji zemithambo-luvo, oboniswe ukwandisa kuyondelelaniswe ATP kwakunye neziphumo antihypoxic kunye antioxidant;
• ukuphucula ukusetyenziswa glucose;
• nokuqinisa iinkqubo ukudluliselwa zobuchopho kwinkqubo luvo;
• inwebu gulwa imiphumela.

iimpawu iziyobisi

Eyona engundoqo ezisebenza imithi enjalo ingqalelo yeziphumo zabo ngqo kwiinkqubo pathways kunye bioenergetics e iiseli zemithambo-luvo, kwakunye intsebenziswano kunye neenkqubo yengqondo (kakhulu neurotransmitter).

Kuye kudala singqiniwe ukuba nootropics bayakwazi ukwenza adenylate cyclase nokwandisa ingqalelo yayo neuron. Ukongeza, imigangatho ephakamileyo elibujikele AMP enqumla utshintsho yokumpompoza Ca2 intracellular + ion kunye K + ukuya ukukhululwa ngokukhawuleza neurotransmitter neuron oluvo.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba isebenze adenylate cyclase unako ukugcina uzinzo lwemveliso ATP eziseleni ngaphandle ioksijini, naphantsi kweemeko hypoxia ukuguqulela yokucolwa nobuchopho indlela igcinwe.

amachiza Neuroprotective abantu abadala kunye nabantwana kubalulekile ukuphucula ubuchule babo kunye neengqondi recovery nophuhliso ukulibaziseka. Nabavelisi bawo abanjalo abathi ukuba amayeza abo aphucuka nethe nucleic, yenza neprothini Yindibanisela ATP kunye RNA ukuba ukungena BBB kakuhle kodwa ukwandisa izinga nokusetyenziswa glucose.

izakhiwo nootoropov

Isiphumo iziyobisi nootropic Kudla kuboniswana ngenkqubo neurotransmitter ingqondo (cholinergic, monoaminergic, glutamatergic).

Ngokutsho abavelisi, nootropics zingenza eyakho ezinye iintlobo yeziphumo, kuquka:

• antioxidant;
• ndizayo gulwa;
• neuroprotection;
• anti-hypoxic.

Amanye amachiza kunokwenzeka

Nootropics bacebisa ukusetyenziswa ezintsonkothileyo. Ngenxa yokuba kuphela ukuze kuphuculwe umsebenzi bioelectrical kunye nomsebenzi ezimanyanisayo zobuchopho, ukuba esizibonakalisa njengomzekelo uphawu utshintsho electrophysiological (ukunyuka ophawulwe kwinqanaba uphaphama, kwakunye kwincopho elibalaseleyo, sicatshulwa usikrobana lolwazi phakathi zifaka lobuchopho, kukhulisa Hippocampus amandla isalamane kunye elipheleleyo EEG spectrum kunye uthinte).

Ngokuphucula ulawulo cortico-subcortical, ukuphucula ulwazi lonaniso ebuchotsheni, kube nefuthe elihle yokuvelisa ukuyilwa umkhondo memory, sinako ngokukhuselekileyo sithi ukuba la machiza kukhokelela ekwandeni ukukwazi ukufunda, ukuphucula inkumbulo, ukucinga, ingqalelo, imbono, yaye ukusebenza kwawo imisebenzi yengqondo .

Enyanisweni, abenzi abaninzi bathi ezi zixhobo ukuphucula kakhulu nokukhawulezisa ukukhula (okanye umsebenzi cognitive level). Nangona kunjalo, ezi zityholo azikhange iqinisekisiwe ngokwenzululwazi.

imiphumela

Ngokutsho kubavelisi, iziyobisi nootropic kufuneka ngempembelelo zabantu kwezi zilandelayo:

1. Mnemotropnoe (kuchaphazele ukufunda memory).
2. Nootropic (kuchaphazela umgangatho amathuba ezibalulekileyo kunye namasiko, kwakunye ukuphazamiseka komsebenzi cortical, ukuphucula ulawulo cortical yomsebenzi subcortical, ingqalelo, ingcinga kunye nentetho).
3. Adaptogenic (kuchaphazela nokunganyamezelwa imiba eyahlukeneyo, kuquka iziyobisi, ukunyusa uxhathiso iyonke ephilayo imiba kakhulu).
4. Ukunyusa izinga ecacileyo osezingqondweni, vuka (ifuthe ngobume isenesazela abacinezelekileyo mnyama).
5. Psychostimulant (kuchaphazela inertia ngengqondo, iintshukumisa hypobulia ubuhlwempu, ukungakhathali, aspontannost kunye lengqondo yokudodobala).
6. Antiasthenic (ukusebenza ngomhla komzimba, silale, ukutyhafa, izenzakalo ukudinwa ngokwasemzimbeni nangokwasengqondweni).
7. Umthomalalisi (kunciphise ucaphuka kunye excitability emotional).
8. Bucala.
9. Antikineticheskoe.
10. Kwezityalo (kuchaphazela isiyezi, intloko ebuhlungu kunye tserebrastenicheskom syndrome).
11. Antiepileptic (umsebenzi kuhluthwe paroxysmal impembelelo).
12. Antiparkinsonian.
13. Energy.
14. Somatotropinostimuliruyuschee (ukukhula ihomoni ukukhululwa kwenzeka).
15. Hypoglycemic (ukunciphisa xi glucose kwi plasma yegazi).
16. Lipolytic (phantsi glucose kwesithintelo ukuba amandla ngohlobo okunamafutha acid).
17. Antitoxic (zigutyula iimveliso inkunkuma yokungenelela ezahlukeneyo izinto eziyingozi).
18. Steroid.
19. Immunostimulant.

Kuyinto olusebenzayo iziyobisi nootropic Prevention stroke?

Loluphi uhlobo iziyobisi, siye saqonda. Kodwa iphakamisa umbuzo malunga nendlela ezisebenza ngayo unyango kunye nothintelo kokubetha kwakhe. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba eli siko imibuzo. Oku kungenxa yokuba ukusetyenziswa nootropics nxamnye ukungaqheleki abanjalo yaye ndaqiniseka amayeza olusekelwe kubungqina obubambekayo.

isicelo clinical

Ngaphambi kokuba sichaza oko mali kusetyenziswa amayeza ezisemthethweni, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba amachiza nootropic ngaphandle nemigqaliselo oogqirha aziboniswanga kwabiwa ekhemesti. Oku kuchazwe ngenxa yokuba basonta kwiqela zoxubo mayeza njengoko mziba kakhulu.

Kwaqala enikezelwa ngamayeza asetyenziswa ukunyanga ukuphazamiseka umsebenzi zobuchopho kubantu abadala kunye organic ubuchopho syndrome. Nangona kule minyaka imbalwa idlulileyo (ngokuqhelekileyo kumazwe kwihlabathi wesithathu) baye kakhulu sisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo amayeza, kuquka utyando, wezifo, zengqondo, yeenkqubo zengqondo, Addiction, kwakunye practice yokubelekisa kunye zamaxhego.

Ngenxa yoko, nootropics zisetyenziswa oogqirha:

• insufficiency cerebrovascular ezingapheliyo;
• ukunxila;
• neurosis kunye bangonwabi ukuphazamiseka;
• IDementia of imvelaphi ezahlukeneyo (saka, imithambo kunye nesifo i-Alzheimer);
• psihorganicheskom syndrome;
• nokulimala engqondweni ebuhlungu;
• DYSTONIA kwezityalo-nemithambo;
• izifo kwegazi palsy;
• yengqondo-yengqondo ukuphazamiseka (kakuhle ingqondo, inkumbulo kunye nokucinga);
• etywaleni ezingapheliyo (syndrome psychoorganic, Encephalopathy, ukurhoxiswa);
• edakumbisayo, asthenic-edakumbisayo kunye asthenic syndrome;
• CNS;
• ukuphucula umsebenzi engqondweni.

Ubungqina obubonakalayo buxela ukuba abantwana

Kumazwe asakhasayo, bezinikwa zixhaphakile ngakumbi wezifo. Ngaloo ndlela, abantwana nootropic imithi:

• ukukhubazeka engqondweni;
• imisiwe intetho kunye nophuhliso engqondweni;
• Cerebral Palsy;
• imiphumela izilonda CNS osana;
• ingqalelo.

Nezinye iindlela zokusetyenziswa

Best iziyobisi neuroprotective - oku ichiza othe isiphumo ngokukhawuleza zonyango kwaye aluchaphazeli elibi emzimbeni womntu. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba amayeza anjalo maxa wambi kusetyenziswa:

• abanale ( "Pantogam", "Phenibutum");
• ulungiso syndrome neuroleptic ( "hopantenic acid", "Pyritinol", "deanol atseglumat", "Pantogam");
• hyperkinesis ( "hopantenic acid", "Phenibutum", "Memantine");
• dysuria ( "Pantogam", "nicotinoyl-Gaba");
• zokulala ( "Phenibut", "Calcium wesigrike-hydroxybutyrate," "Glycine");
• migraine ( "Pyritinol", "nicotinoyl-Gaba", "Semaks");
• nesiyezi ( "Ginkgo biloba", "Phenibutum", "Pyracetam");
• kuthintelo isifo motion ( "Gaba", "Phenibut").

Ngendlela, xa kusenziwa lwamehlo, ezo mali zisetyenziswa njengenxenye yonyango indibaniselwano for open-angle neglaucoma, izifo nemithambo ye retina kunye macula ( "nicotinoyl-Gaba"), kwakunye nokusebenza kwezihlunu okwenziwa bubudala yamehlo macular kunye retinopathy seswekile ( "Ginkgo biloba").

nootropics zemvelo

Ukongeza kumayeza, kuba isiphumo enyangayo isoloko abaqeshwe izinto zendalo kunye iipropati efanayo. Kakade ke, nootropics yemvelo yena asebenza njengee-arhente amayeza, kodwa emva kweeveki ezimbalwa ukusetyenziswa, izigulane iqala ukuba uphawula uphuculo kumsebenzi ngokwasengqondweni, njalo-njalo.