Crop - yintoni ukuba uhlobo lomsebenzi? Amasebe kunye nemveliso yezityalo

-Esithathwini Ngaphezu yabantu emhlabeni osetyenzisiweyo iimveliso inika zolu shishino phambili kwezolimo - isityalo. Le - isiseko esisiseko imveliso yezolimo yehlabathi. Cinga ubume bawo kwaye uthethe ngayo impumelelo kunye amathuba kuphuhliso loqoqosho ehlabathini.

imboni isilimo

Le nezihluma ke ezahlukeneyo, ngoko ke ishishini efanayo uquka iindawo ezininzi. Ezona ukuveliswa:

• amabele;

• iitapile kunye amatswele;

• Izityalo industrial;

• imifuno kunye nevatala;

• beziqhamo kunye nomdiliya othengisw;

• feed.

Cinga ngeempawu nganye kwezi nkalo.

production grain

kulinywe ingqolowa uphethe isabelo ezinkulu yemveliso yehlabathi imveliso yezolimo. Crop zehlabathi ayikwazi bacinge ngaphandle ingxenye engundoqo. izilimo kwi-avareji abahlala ngaphezu kwesiqingatha umhlaba olimekayo ehlabathini, yaye kwamanye amazwe - phantse yonke indawo yokunciphisa. Kuyinto la iinkcubeko zenza isiseko ngesondlo yabemi kwilizwe ngalinye, ngokunjalo inani ebalulekileyo ekutyeni lulimo izilwanyana.

Iinkozo kwaye lisebenza njenge ekrwada kushishino ezininzi eziphathekayo. World imveliso okuziinkozo lifikelele zigidi 2 ngonyaka ngamnye, kwaye 1,6 ezigidi neetoni ngumthamo opheleleyo ekuhlala ingqolowa, irayisi kunye nombona. Makhe sithethe iinkcubeko iphambili kweli qela.

ingqolowa

Inkokeli kwihlabathi ekhulayo ukhozo lwengqolowa. A emaqeleni lweenkobe Arab, kwakusazeka ukuba iminyaka eliwaka emithandathu edlulileyo, kwaye kutshanje uye waba isiseko esiqinileyo lolu shishino njengesityalo. It zibalulekile. Ngenxa yemigudu breeder wakhululwa iintlobo ingqolowa likhule ehlabathini namhlanje. umhlaba Huge sanikelwa umhlaba olimekayo, ibekwe Northern saseNtla, ezincinane kancinane ubukhulu - apha eMzantsi. Jikelele imimandla ihlabathi phezu ukulinywa ingqolowa eyaziwayo - amathafa American, ehlanganisa ngasentla kunye emaqeleni waseKhanada, umhlaba olimekayo eArgentina, eRashiya, China kunye namanye amazwe amaninzi kunye amazwekazi. Abathengisi inkulu ingqolowa unguye eUnited States namhlanje, eOstreliya, eKhanada.

irayisi

Indawo yesibini ngokwemiqathango izilimo irayisi, ekudumiseni yokuba inxalenye enkulu yabemi behlabathi, ubukhulu becala ababevela kumazwe Asia. Irayisi - isiseko ebalaseleyo umgubo, starch, utywala, inkunkuma ezi yimveliso ukuncedisana imixhesho ukondla imfuyo. Ababhali-mbali bathi abantu baqala ukuhlakulela irayisi kwiingingqi esembindini esemazantsi China kwi BC nenkulungwane yokuqala. e. Kulinywa yale isityalo - iteknoloji kwezityalo okhethekileyo, yaye mhlawumbi oko kuphela kwimozulu eshushu yaye kufumile. Kungenxa yoko le nto kwiindawo eziphambili olunzulu irayisi ukulima buzinze States and South-East Asia, enika ukuya kwi-90% yesivuno jikelele. Inkokeli olungenangxaki ekuqokelelweni irayisi China. abavelisi uphambili Thailand, India, Indonesia, Brazil, Japan.

corn

Ukusetyenziswa amabele nezimo kakhulu. Oku kusetyenziswa ezinkulu eUnited States amazwe aseYurophu Western imfuyo izityalo wefula. E-Afrika, Asia, Latin America kunye namazwe olusemazantsi Yurophu, ukuba isityalo ukutya. Umbona - isityalo sokuba imvelaphi Mexican, ukusuka apho kulo ihlabathi. Growing namhlanje yayo becala kwimimandla nge imozulu obutofotofo efudumeleyo, eyingcathu okanye sehlathi. Umbona engundoqo ukuvelisa iindawo ifakwa indawo of America, abasasazeke nelasezantsi Great Lakes. Ngaphandle kwayo US, eKhanada, Brazil, Argentina ne Australia.

Ezinabileyo namazambane

Eyona kwande amatswele iitapile - oyinzalelwane kumazwe South American, wahlakulela namhlanje yonke imimandla epholileyo. Iinkokheli ekuvelisweni amazambane Russia, eUnited States, Poland, China ne India.

Indima ebalulekileyo edlalwa sugar beet nengcongolo yeziqholo ilinywa amazwe imimandla yetropika sabutropikhi, afana neTshayina kunye Cuba. Ukuba amanye amazwe asakhulayo (Dominican Republic) neemveliso zezityalo ezinjalo - sisiseko nkqubo karhulumente. amazwe aphuhlileyo musa ukuba atsale ngaphezu kokuba isishumi kumasimi eswekile yehlabathi.

Kwenye imeko kunye nemveliso sugar beet. indawo yayo kulinywe - ezinezinga ziingcathu: band eliphakathi eYurophu (EU angamalungu kunye Ukraine, kwakunye eUnited States Canada). abenzi Asian - Turkey, China kunye Iran.

oli

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, amafutha akhutshwa oli, engunobangela esithathwini-kwesixa-mali sisonke kwamafutha osetyenzisiweyo ehlabathini. Kuba oli na peanuts, zesesame, rape, ujongilanga kunye nabanye abaninzi. Ukukhula olunzulu kwimveliso kunye nokusetyenziswa kweemveliso zezi zityalo ngokwangoku ezinxulumene ne endaweni ekutyeni kwamafutha zezityalo zezilwanyana kumazwe ngokwezoqoqosho kunye nokufumaneka zezi mveliso kumazwe asakhasayo.

Leader ekuvelisweni iimveliso zesoy unguye eUnited States, ukuqokelela namandongomane - India, ukuvuna bomqhaphu kunye rape - China.

Kumazwe asakhasayo akhulisa izityalo inxalenye onomtsalane lolu shishino, ngoku kakhulu ukunciphisa ukuthunyelwa leoli ngokunxulumene indalo kunye nophuhliso olukhawulezayo ishishini ioli. Kwaye musa kuthengisa izinto ekrwada kunye neemveliso eyenziwe kwemveliso lakhe.

INkcubeko, uye iipropati indihlaziya futhi siyibulela ngenxa yabo (yeti, ikofu, ikoko), ukukhula kwimimandla ambalwa kakhulu - nemimandla yimvula sabutropikhi. kulinywe babo buzinze amazwe akumazantsi kwilizwekazi Asian, apho sezulu kwenza kube lula ukuba uhlakulele izityalo. Oku Malaysia, India kunye nabanye.

olericulture

Kunye ingqolowa, iziqhamo kunye nemifuno ngabona uqoqosho kumazwe amaninzi. ubungakanani zinto izwe okuhlala kulinywa zabo, phantse akhuphisane izityalo zengqolowa. Xa ikhula ehlabathini ukuselwa imifuno kunye neziqhamo output babo nezingenayo ezikhulayo namhlanje.

Isiqhelo ngcembe lungeniselo emarikeni yehlabathi umlinganiselo enkulu ioli, eziswiti, iziqhamo kunye nezityalo tonic ezivela kumazwe asakhasayo kuhlala ingatshintshanga.

imveliso yezityalo Non-ukutya

Izityalo, market non-ukutya, badlala izityalo indima ifayibha ebalulekileyo kunye zerabha. Isityalo ephambili ezinezikhondo na umqhaphu, ubunkokheli ingqalelo xa kusenziwa lwahlulwe phakathi kwamazwe Asian, umthamo ngaphantsi kancinci - karhulumente Melika kunye Afrika.

Ezinye izityalo ifayibha akukho ezixabisekileyo ngaphantsi - iflakisi jute - asezikhundleni indawo encinci kakhulu. abangaphezu kwe ezintathu imveliso yehlabathi yeflakisi - eRashiya Belarus, jute ezilinywa Bangladesh. Kubavelisi ngerabha yendalo - emzantsi-mpuma izwekazi Asia (Indonesia, Thailand). Kuba kumazwe Asia luphawulwa ukulinywa kwezityalo eziqulathe sezakhi - icuba, umlaliso, Indian hemp. Ezi kusekwa ngalo mzuzu imveliso yezityalo ehlabathini kunye nentengiso.

Iimpawu Plant e Russia

Ngaphandle kokuba Russia - ilizwe kunye esinzima kunene, ngcathu ezininzi yemozulu, kwishishini lezolimo zange kwasilela emva iinkokeli zehlabathi kwimveliso of sugar beet, iitapile, imifuno, iinkozo kunye oli.

imveliso yezolimo lugubungela phantse onke amacandelo izityalo, ngaphandle ngokulima izityalo ezingaqhelekanga ezifana ikoko, ikofu, imithi irabha.

umhlaba Domestic olimekayo bebekelwa kwi ezinezinga ziingcathu kumazwekazi - kwimimandla engundoqo yommandla iVolga, le Urals kunye Western eSiberia, ngokunjalo kwi kwimimandla ekumzantsi Prikavkazya. technology izityalo Russian kumba kwaye kuquka ukuveliswa zombini ukutya kunye nezityalo mveliso kunye nokutya. Kwaye inxaxheba kule nkqubo, phantse wonke umhlaba olimekayo yonke imimandla zemozulu, egubungele eli lizwe.

Elikhulayo cereals e Russia

Njengoko imveliso yesityalo ihlabathi, eli shishini eRashiya akunakwenzeka ngaphandle imveliso yengqolowa, ubuninzi yona ingqolowa. iindawo ezinkulu zomhlaba olimekayo, iimeko zemozulu zivuma, iintlobo ngokobume naphaya kunye isithethe ingqolowa ikhula akazange nje njengesiseko ukuvelisa umgubo, groats kunye nokusebenza olandelayo kushishino yokubhaka, kodwa ke icandelo kwezoqoqosho lubalaseleyo kwezolimo lwasekhaya. Namhlanje, iRussia ukho phezulu kwihlabathi ezintathu - abaxhobisi zengqolowa. iimeko zendalo eRashiya ukuze sikhule zombini ebusika nasentlakohlaza ingqolowa. Izivuno izityalo zasebusika kune kakhulu emthonjeni, kodwa oku kubangelwe iimeko esimi yokukhula. Ekubeni iintlobo zasebusika asengozini ngakumbi nobushushu-bothando, uze ukhule kuzo, njengoko umthetho, kwimimandla yasentshona lizwe, apho sezulu onomoya.

ingqolowa ezibalulekileyo kunye ophantsi ngokubhekiselele kwimveliso, kunjalo, kancinane, iNkcubeko - irhasi. Singene phantse ikota kwi lilonke lwengqolowa. Ngenxa ekrwada kwishishini umqombothi kunye ezidla obalaseleyo eziphathekayo, yerhasi naye inani yeenzuzo - okumangalisayo aqine, abe sexesha lokukhula elifutshane, elikuvumela ukuba ukuyisusa ziphumelele.

imveliso Grain eRashiya ayiphelelanga kulinywa ingqolowa nerhasi, njengoko isityalo - kushishino (oku kungqinwe inkqubo yenkxaso karhulumente), eziquka iindawo ezininzi. rye Cropland, ihabile, umbona, irayisi, buckwheat kwaye bephantsi kwizityalo imithamo zengqolowa, kodwa ke le ndawo kwezityalo kwaye, ngenxa yoko, izivuno ezi izityalo ngcembe ukwanda.

Ukulinywa kwezityalo iingcambu kunye nezityalo zoshishino eRashiya

Kodwa yezityalo yasekhaya - asikuko kuphela izityalo eziziinkozo. indawo encomekayo kuhlala yi ekulinyweni neetapile, ngokwesiko zibandakanyiwe ekutyeni kwethu. Kodwa ke, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuba nokulima yorhwebo yeetapile lisephantsi, njengoko uninzi baseRashiya ukufumana izivuno ephezulu iziza zabucala.

Enye indlela ebalulekileyo, izityalo multi-njongo, ikhule ikakhulu kummandla Central Black Umhlaba - sugar beet. Hlakulela ngenxa iswekile, kwaye kwenkunkuma iimveliso additive egqwesileyo ekufuyeni.

Ayikwazi ukucinga iimbewu zikajongilanga ezo izinto ekrwada phantse yonke ioli obuvelisiweyo kunye walidla eRashiya.
Okubalulekileyo, kodwa hayi ezifanelekileyo kakhulu, ngenxa iimpawu zendalo kweli lizwe, iindawo - imifuno kule ngingqi nokulima nevatala. Ngokwesithethe ikhule beet, ikhaphetshu, amatswele, iitumato, iminqathe, etc. Orenburzhye nolusezantsi iVolga ikhule ngempumelelo yemixoxozi -. Iivatala kunye nevatala. ukuveliswa kwezityalo - hayi nje ekusombululeni lo mba ukutya, kodwa ukhuseleko leli lizwe, njengoko oko kungqinwa kwisenzo yenkxaso karhulumente abavelisi bezolimo.