Mochalov Pavel Stepanovich, umlingisi we-Maly Theatre: i-biography, ubugcisa

I-Pavel Stepanovich Mochalov, obani umxholo wolu xwebhu, ngulo mmeli omkhulu wothando lomdlalo waseRussia wesahlulo sokuqala sekhulu le-19. Ubuchule bakhe kunye nokuphumelela kokuphindukuzalwa kwangenza waba namandla kwixesha lakhe kwaye ngokubanzi wayezimisele ukuphuhliswa kweso sihlandlo sothando ngexesha elichaziweyo.

Biography

UMololov uPavel Stepanovich wazalelwa kwintsapho yabaculi be-serf eMoscow ngo-1800. Abazali bakhe badlala kwimidlalo yaseshashalazini yaseN. Demidov, ngoko uyise wakhe waqala ukuqhuba kwiMidlalo yeTheatre yaseMoscow, eyayiyilungu layo, emva kwexeshana, yaba lilungu le-Imperial Theaters. Isimo sokugqibela sabangela ukuba iminyaka emithandathu kamva intsapho ikhululwe kwaye yanikwa inkululeko. Umdlali wexesha elizayo elidumileyo elifumana imfundo elungileyo, efundela endlwini yangasese, wafunda isiFrentshi. Wayenememori entle ukususela ebuntwaneni. Ngokweememori zentombi yakhe, uMchalov Pavel Stepanovich wafunda ixesha elide eYunivesithi yaseMoscow, kodwa akazange abhalwe phantsi kwintlu yabafundi.

Msebenzi wo kuqala

Waqala ukudlala ukususela ngo-1817 kwi-Theater yeMokhovaya, kodwa ke iqela laseMaly Theatre laba yindawo yakhe esigxina. Ukuphela kwee-1830s kwaba yimpumelelo ebomini yomdlali, njengoko kwakunjalo ngeli xesha ukuba wadlala indima yakhe yesithsaba seHamati, ukubaluleka kwayo okungazange kugwenywe nguVG uBelinsky kwinqaku lakhe elidumileyo elixhomekeke kuhlalutyo lomdlalo womculi. Kodwa sele iphakathi kwe-1840 i-Mochalov Pavel Stepanovich yayingabhengezwa ngokuphathelele utshintsho lwekhokelo kwinkcubeko. Esikhundleni sokuthandana kwavela ngokoqobo, apho umdlalo onobuchopho obunomdla wobugcisa wawungekho ndawo. Umculi wasweleka ngo-1848 kwiqanda eMoscow.

Izixhobo zomdlalo

Kuye kwathiwa ngasentla ukuba ukuqhutywa kwemisebenzi yesigaba somculi kwawa kwixesha lokuthandana. Ngokuhambelana nale nqununu, umdlalo womdlali wenziwe. UMololov uPavel Stepanovich wakhela umdlalo wakhe ngokungafaniyo, okwabangela ukuba abaphulaphuli babe nemihlali. Wadala ukuguquka okubuhlungu kwintlanzi enobudlova ebizwa ngokuba yi "Mochalov imizuzu", apho waphazamisa intetho ngokukhawuleza, emva koko waqala ukuvakalisa iingongoma zakhe, ezenza ukuba ababukeli bavuyiswe ngolu hlobo olungalindelekanga nolumangalisayo. UMololov Pavel Stepanovich wadlala kakhulu kwi-romantic repertoire, nangona ekuqaleni kwesikhundla sakhe sokudala wabakhokelela ekufundiseni i-classiicism, edlala indima emininzi kwimicimbi yamandulo.

Imifanekiso

Umdlali weqonga wadala kwiqonga inani lamagorha-amaqhawe, abavukeli ngendalo, abajongene noluntu kunye nocelomngeni lwentlalo kunye nokuziphatha okubi. Mochalov (umlingisi) owenziwe kwisigaba abantu abaneempawu eziqinileyo kunye nokuthanda. Umzekelo, wadlala uGeorges de Germani kumdlalo "Ubomi bomdlali", apho wabonisa indoda eyayichitha ubomi bakhe kulo mdlalo. Lo mlingiswa uyanqandwa ngokupheleleyo kwaye akasakwazi ukuyeka. Ngexesha elifanayo udlala i-Hamlet okokuqala, kodwa engakafiki ukuphumelela eya kuza kuye kwiminyaka elishumi. Nangona kunjalo, sele sele ikhona ngoku, imigaqo ephambili yomsebenzi wayo iboniswe: umfanekiso wesigandatho, ukukhusela, iqhinga lokulwa nokungabi nabulungisa, amanga nokukhohlisa. Ngokweememori zabantu bexesha, uPavel Stepanovich Mochalov (1800-1848) ngokwakhe wayichaza imifanekiso yakhe kunye neendima zakhe, ebenzela ngokubaluleka.

Umphezulu wobugcisa

Indima ebalulekileyo kunye neyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu kumdlali we-Shakespeare's Hamlet kwinguqulelo entsha, eyenziwa yi-NA Polev. Lo mfanekiso uhambelana ngokupheleleyo nemigaqo yokudala kunye nezicwangciso zomdlali, kunye nesimo sakhe sengqondo. Ukongezelela, ngulo mlingiswa obalaseleyo umgaqo ovukelayo owamtsalisa kakhulu. Lo msebenzi, njengoko ukhankanywe ngentla, unikezelwe kwinqaku elikhethekileyo nguBelinsky. Ngokomgxeki, uMololov enegunya elingavamile wanika ibali elimangalisayo lekosana yaseDanish.

Kufuneka kuthiwa yi-Theater Maly eyaba yindawo eyayizukisa umculi. Omnye umsebenzi obalulekileyo wawuyingxenye yeChatsky. Oku kwakuyinkwenkwe yokwenyani kwimpilo yenkcubeko yaseMoscow. Ngokweememori zabemi bexesha lakhe, umdlali-mdlali wadlala leli qhawe njengesigqekeli esisodwa, esayinselela yonke i-FAMUS. Wachaza ibinzana lokugqibela ngokunyelisa, njengokungathi ukuchasana nezijikelezo ezilondolozayo zendawo yangoku.

Eminye imisebenzi

Iindima zomculi zazininzi, kodwa zonke zihlangene nesinye isici esichaphazelekayo: umfanekiso wesibhambathiso, isiqalo sokuvukela kumntu ophikisanayo noluntu lonke. Kwakuloo moya uMochalov ayenemifanekiso eqingqiweyo yeShakespearean: Othello, uRichard III nabanye. Kwakule midlalo apho umlingisi angaphinda abonise udidi lwakhe kunye ne talente njengenkosi evelele yokuphindukuzalwa. Wayenomdla nakwamanye amanani eembali. Ngaloo ndlela, wabonakala ngomfanekiso kaDon Carlos, umlingisi obalaseleyo lomdlalo we-F. Schiller yegama elinye. Umoya ovukelayo wemisebenzi yalo mdlali odlalwa ngokugqithiseleyo uhambelana ngokuthe ngqo kwimeko yomculi. Kwakhona wadlala indima enkulu kumdlalo ogqwesileyo wombhali iRobbers. Lo msebenzi unomntu ovukelayo ngenyaniso, ngoko iintetho zikaMochalov zivelise inguqulelo.

Umsebenzi weebongozi wakhangela umdlali odumileyo: wadlala uAleko kwimveliso ye "Gypsies", kunye nomdlalo esekelwe kwimbongo ethi "Umthombo waseBakhchisarai". Ukusuka kwirepertoire engentla ingabonakala ukuba umdlali weqhosha wayeyinomdla kakhulu kwimisebenzi yothando. Iindaba kukuba ufuna ngokwenene ukudlala indima ephambili kwidrama yeLermontov "Masquerade", kodwa ngenxa yokudumala okukhulu kunye nomsindo obangelwa yimimoya yokuvukela, ukusebenza akuzange kwenzeke, akuzange kuvumele ukunyanzelisa.

Izizathu zokuphumelela

Imfihlelo yobuqhawe obunzima bomsebenzi we-actor kukubaluleka kunye nokuvisisana kwexesha. Inyaniso kukuba uMochalov ulungelelanise iziqendu zemidlalo kwiimfuno kunye neemfuno zabantu bexesha lakhe kunye nesangqa sakhe. Kwiminyaka ye-1820 neye-1840, iingcamango ezivukelayo kunye nombhikisho wenkohlakalo yaseRussia yintlalo yayisetyenziswa kubantu abancinci kunye nezijikelezo ezifundisiweyo, ngoko u-Mochalov uvakalelwa ngumbono, kwezinye iimeko kunye nokuhlaselwa kweMeclolo kwafika ngendawo kunye nelo xesha. Umculi, ngaphezu kwetalente, naye wayenakho amandla amangalisayo okubamba iminqweno yoluntu, eyayilindele umfanekiso wobuntu obunamandla. Ngomfanekiso ngamnye, umculi, eqinisweni, wadlala ngexesha, kubalinganiswa beentlobo ezahlukeneyo abaphulaphuli bazibona ngokwenene. Ilungiselelo elinjalo lalihambelana nomoya kaMochalov ngokwakhe, ongenakukwazi ukudlala abantu abalula kwisihlwele kunye neminqweno yabo yemihla ngemihla kunye nemixhala. Wayenomdla kubuntu obuqinileyo obuqaqambileyo, ukuphindaphinda kwakhona apho bekufumana khona abaphulaphuli bayo kwisahlulo sokuqala sekhulu le-19. Iingingqi ezincinci zihlala zikhunjulwa kwiincwadi ngokuchanekileyo malunga nomsebenzi wakhe.