Ngokufutshane: kuphuculo Stolypin, umongo walo kunye neziphumo

Ngokufutshane, ukulungiswa nemboni Stolypin yeyona inkcazo oluntsonkothileyo amanyathelo, ezathi zaphunyezwa ukuze kuphuculwe imeko yamafama kweli lizwe, kwakunye ukuvuselelwa ubomi bezoqoqosho karhulumente.

Ngomhla kumasango kuphuculo (ngokufutshane)

guqula Stolypin kaThixo kwakuthetha yotshintsho ebanzi oluntu, kwezopolitiko kunye noqoqosho karhulumente. Ingongoma kukuba sele ekupheleni XIX - leminyaka yokuqala kwinkulungwane XX ewuhlubile ngokucacileyo ongekenziwa yoBukhosi Russian ukusuka kumazwe aphuhlileyo lase Europe. Kwaye nangona kwinkundla yakomkhulu yaqhubeka ukuze kukhanye iibhola iluhlaza yaye okucacileyo iziyolo ukuphisa lobunzima buhlungu kweli lizwe. Emveliso yorhwebo, kunye nobudlelwane nezoqoqosho ziye kakuhle, ukuyilwa oohlohlesakhe kunye nabasebenzi akaziva emva zabo iirhafu ukusuka kwintshona ehlabathini, ezolimo, njengoko kwinkulungwane edluleyo, yayisekelwe kwi lezemisebenzi abangekaphuhli manual, nto leyo kakhulu, ngokungafaniyo kunye neziphumo i Revolution Industrial eNgilani, France kunye eJamani. Ngaphezu koko, kanye begazi eRashiya, kuba becala musa ukukhawuleza ukudlulisela uqoqosho kwiifama zabo kwingoma nkulu, nokuqhubeka ukungena isiselo ngaphandle abalimi. Ukuba ndithini ngale yokugqibela. Serfdom kwapheliswa isiqingatha senkulungwane eyadlulayo, kodwa ke amazwi, iphandle, kwaye ke asicinywanga alunakupheliswa. Empire esichengeni buthathaka impinda ngaphakathi indlela elibuhlungu Iran kunye Turkey, nto leyo eya eli xesha yajika yaba iimilo-ekrwada izinto ezihlobene Europe. komhlaba Stolypin kaThixo kwezolimo (ngokufutshane kuxubusha ngayo ngezantsi), kwakunye utshintsho kwamanye amacandelo karhulumente kuqoqosho nokupheka ngokucacileyo. INkulumbuso ngokwakhe wangumlawuli kwi wakhathazeka 1906, xa okokuqala phantsi etroneni Nikolaem Romanovym ziyadilika.

guqula Stolypin: Isishwankathelo

Ukuguqulwa Peter Abramovich wachukumisa kwiindawo ezininzi karhulumente. Ingakumbi, le yotshintsho Zemstvo wayebonisa ngokubanzi abangaphezulu abasemagunyeni ilizwe sendawo self-government, ezisingelwe indawo zithandwa izikhulu zinkuni kunye iindwalutho (e Ukraine) abasemagunyeni. uguquko Industrial wazisa imithetho ezintsha an bubudlelwane kwingqesho, nto leyo kuyimfuneko kakhulu ngokwemiqathango ivela yeklasi mveliso, ongxowankulu kunye nabasebenzi. Noko ke, lo msebenzi ubalulekileyo urhulumente tsarist baqalisa utshintsho kwezolimo.

On the iinjongo yokuvuselelwa kwemihlaba, kwaye (ngokufutshane)

iinguqu Stolypin kaThixo kwezolimo ijoliswe ekudaleni iklasi oluluqilima kwiifama umlimi ezimeleyo (umzekelo, amafama American), kwakunye nokuphuhliswa kwizikhewu ezikule ngokubanzi eSiberia. Kuba injongo yokuqala, kunye nenkxaso iibhanki karhulumente wamnika Uboleke endle onke amafama anomdla ukuphuma abahlali ukudala uqoqosho yabo. Ihlonipheke karhulumente ke kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba le pesenti yayifudula ephantsi kakhulu kwaye posilen. Noko ke, ukuba non-ukuhlawula imali-mboleko komhlaba yi ezikhethiweyo kwaye kwakhona ubuze ukuba ithengiswe. ngaleyo ngakumbi kwavusa umsebenzi yezoqoqosho. ESiberia, ilizwe eyabelwe nguRhulumente kunye nazo zonke simahla kubo bonke, ngokutsho inkqubo yokuvuselelwa yesibini. IKhabhinethi iye yavusa ngamandla kwenye abalimi ekwimpuma yelo lizwe kunye nophuhliso lwezibonelelo apho. babizwa ngokuba "iinqwelo Stolypin" zadalelwa le njongo.

Kwiziphumo ze-yokuvuselelwa kwemihlaba (ngokufutshane)

guqula Stolypin ukuba eneneni waqala ukunika iziphumo ezincumisayo. Nangona kunjalo, kuye kwathotha ukufa uPetros Abramovich ngowe-1911, yaye emva koko oluphazanyiswa ngokupheleleyo leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi. Noko ke, ezinye kancinane kwe-10% ukusuka kwiindawo iklasi yamahlwempu ngokuthi ekunabiseni umsebenzi yezoqoqosho ezimeleyo, zeemarike ebomini. Xa umsebenzi historiography mihla Peter Stolypin kuhlolwa kakuhle yonke.