Iraq yokuhlala Russian (1999)

Iraq yokuhlala Russian ngo-1999 kukho uthotho abagrogrisi ezaye zenziwa e Moscow, Buynaksk kunye Volgodonsk. Ngenxa yoko, abantu 307 wafa, phezu 1,700 konzakala kakhulu kwaye ubunzima ngendlela enye okanye omnye.

Ngokutsho nenguqulelo esemthethweni, ngokunjalo izivakalisi imizimba lezobulungisa Russian Federation, umbutho kunye nenkxaso-mali yezi ekuhlaseleni ngenxa ukuyilwa ngokungekho kweenkokeli ekuthiwa Islamic Institute "Caucasus". Ngokutsho Tobacco nabaphandi, le ukuhlasela kwigumbi Russian bayalelwa yi Abu Umar kunye Amir al-Khattab, lo gama beqonga kwakukho iqela North abaseAfrika namabutho. Olwenziwe kuhlaselwa ngaphambili ezenzelwe ukufezekisa ngobuninzi ukufa kwabantu ukugrogrisa abantu kunye ngokubanzi uphazamiseko olukhoyo ukhuselelo lomatshini engozini. Ukongeza, uhlaselo oluye lwenziwa ukuze babe negalelo izigqibo ngabasemagunyeni enxulumene ukutshona iziphumo uhlaselo Dagestan namabutho, kwenzeka kulo nyaka.

Kwiminyaka eliqela emva kokuba iziganeko asisininzi eyinhloko beqonga kunye nabaququzeleli ziye zabulawa okanye abanjwa iingalo iinkonzo ezizodwa imikhosi Georgian kunye Russian. Ngelishwa, ezinye abaququzeleli azikhange kohlwaywa.

Ukwanda ku Bunaykske

Russian yokuhlala Iraq yaqala ngo Buynaksk kwisixeko apho 4 Septemba 1999 yasha ibe mihlanu mibini zokuhlala lesakhiwo ul. Levanevskogo (Shihsaidov) №3. Ukwanda yaveliswa usebenzisa imodeli GAS-truck 52, ngelo xesha ngaphezulu kwe 2700 kg neziqhushumbisi ezenziwe ammonium nitrate kunye nomgubo aluminiyam. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba ithagethi ye-hlaselo andinyulanga zazivelela. Iraq yokuhlala Russian baqalisa neentsapho zomkhosi amakhaya.

Imiphumo umgrogrisi yokuhlaselwa yakhokelela ekutshatyalalisweni mabini yokuhlala izindlu, ibangela kwi-64 abantu ababulawa-146 aphole. Kwakhona izicwangciso ukuba dubulo lesibini ilori ZIL-130 imodeli le, kodwa ngethamsanqa, oku yokungenelela kukumthetheli-zobunjineli nomkhosi ekhethekileyo de yayikufuphi esibhedlele emva ezimbini kweeyure emva dubulo kwenzeka okokuqala. Kamva truck neutered kwafunyanwa amaxwebhu egameni Isa Zaynutdinova.

Ukwanda eMoscow (on Guryanov)

Russian yokuhlala laseMelika 1999 ukuqhubeka uhlaselo 9 mibini zokuhlala kulwakhiwo okwindawo kwi Guryanov Street (Moscow), apho kwenzeka ngo September 8. Ezimbini zokungena ngenxa yokuhlaselwa sele atshabalalisa. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba Ngokufutha asakhulayo kwakhona kwakhokelela deformation ozimiseleyo ekufuphi zokuyilwa kwendlu.

Ngokutsho data ezisemthethweni, ukuhlasela kwigumbi Russian ngo-1999 kwi-Guryanov Street kukhokelele ekuswelekeni 100, ngelixa malunga ne-690 abantu bafumana ukwenzakala ezahlukahlukeneyo ubungnqongqo. Iziphumo Bomb lubonisa ukuba umbhalo amandla 350 kg iziqhushumbisi (ixabiso kubonisiwe TNT), kwaye ngethuba loviwo sokuqala olwenziwe kule ndawo, amasuntswana afunyanwa RDX kunye TNT. A kwiintsuku ezimbalwa kamva isigqibo sokuba ngokupheleleyo indlu wemikhwa imikhosi Bomb, ngelixa abahlala kwigumbi baye bafudukela kwezinye izakhiwo.

Ifowuni yokuqala

Kamva, a leefoni senziwe kwibhodi umhleli we-arhente "Interfax", leyo kuthiwa ukubhengeza ulwazi malunga ngoko ke kume indlu ngoSeptemba eRashiya. Le ndoda wathetha aksenti abaseAfrika endibuthethileyo ngamandla kwaye wazazisa kuphela njengelungu le "Confederation of kwinkululeko Dagestan". Uthe indlu laseMelika Russia (ku eMoscow ingakumbi) Bakhona isenzo impindezelo ngenxa yokuba i Russian Federation iye yokuphumeza wamajoni imisebenzi eyabakho emdeni Dagestan. Ngosuku olufanayo onke amajelo eendaba kwabonakala identikit Mukhit Laypanova esasirenta igumbi kumgangatho wokuqala wesakhiwo apho ukhoyo dubulo. September 13 kwabanjwa ngokusesikweni ngosuku yesijwili ukuba abantu abafileyo kuqhuma ezimbini.

umsebenzi Investigative

Xa kuhlasela phezu Guryanov Street, kwisithili lonke eMoscow baqalisa ukukhangela ngenkuthalo bonke nonresidential. ingqalelo eyodwa unikwa umsebenzi Dmitriya Kuzovogo, ngubani wagqiba ukukhangela ngokucokisekileyo indlu phezu Kashirskoye, №3. Esi sakhiwo kwaku kwivenkile ifanitshala, umnini-trade-indoda egama Muhit Laypanov, wathi khona apho kuya kubekwa indawo yokugcina iswekile. Ekuhambeni sokuhlolwa store wethu mna ukufumana inani elikhulu leengxowa ezaliswe iswekile, kodwa bengazi ukuba cover onjalo abagrogrisi ukusebenzisa ukufihla iziqhushumbisi. Kwathiwa kuphela kamva, ngoSeptemba 12, isithili waphinda waya endlwini zokumakishwa uviwo-, kodwa wafumana ucango ivenkile evaliweyo kuphela, ukuqhekeza ukuba akanakuphila. NgoSeptemba 13, kwabakho yesiqalo enamandla.

Ukwanda Kashirskoye

Xa Iraq kwigumbi Russian kwenzeka kwi Kashira emendweni, endlwini apho kwakukho ivenkile ifanitshala, yatshatyalaliswa ngokupheleleyo, yaye phantse zonke abaqashi ababekulo ngexesha (abantu 124) efile. abantu kuphela 7 balimele kumanqanaba angafaniyo ubungnqongqo. dubulo amandla ngeli xesha kg 300 (ixabiso kubonisiwe TNT).

Boris Yeltsin, ngubani na ngelo xesha umongameli Russia, ngokukhawuleza wabizela eMoscow Sodolophu uYuri Luzhkov waza wamyalela ukwenza scan epheleleyo zezindlu kuwo umzi emini. Emva ekwenzeni iinkonzo zobuntlola dubulo wesibini kuthathwe amanyathelo okhuseleko ibonwe neze kuphela elikomkhulu kodwa eminye imizi Russia kunye namazwe ye kufutshane aphesheya. Ngokukodwa, oko kuthwalelwa phandle itsheki epheleleyo izisele ezahlukeneyo ephantsi kophahla, kunye nabahlali abaninzi zezindlu endlini iinyanga ezimbalwa inxaxheba kumjikelo ezizenzekelayo iwotshi kwimijikelo iindawo zabo.

Iziphumo lokuqala zophando

September 13 umnini kwinkampani real estate, wabona identikit Laypanova wafunda umxhasi abakhetha ukuba awasuse ngenxa yendawo yokubeka. Isakhiwo ziyaqashwa kwi Borisov Prudy, 14, apho yaqashwa kwigumbi elingaphantsi, kangangokuba usomashishini wazama ngokukhawuleza kangangoko kunokwenzeka ukwazisa FSB. Kamva, le nto ingxamisekileyo ukuhlolwa lwesakhiwo olwenziwe ngumthetho zonyanzeliso arhente. Ngenxa bakwazi ukufumana iingxowa-50 ezaliswe iziqhushumbisi, ubunzima iyonke iitoni ezingama-2.5. 6 phezu iingxowa timer senqubo olwalubekwe. Kamva, kufunyaniswe ukuba eneneni Mukhit Laipanov wafa ngoFebruwari 1999, ngoxa ngenkuthalo kusetyenziswa amaxwebhu Achemez Gochijaev.

Shamil Basayev nangoko ukulahlile unazo naziphi na umthendeleko kwizenzo abagrogrisi eqhubekayo, lo gama enye inkokeli Mujahideen ogama Khattab wathi ukususela kulaa mzuzu ukuya phambili, ulwa imfazwe kuphela ngokuchasene umkhosi Russian, kodwa nakuwo bonke abantu beli lizwe. Kananjalo kubalulekile ukuba siqaphele kukuba inkokeli lombutho olukhulu Islamist "Abaxhasi elifuna" igama Abu Hamza al-Masri, 14 Septemba wagqiba ukuthumela kwi-ofisi umhleli we iphephandaba "Al-Hayat" yinkcazelo esemthethweni ukuba uyasixhasa ngokupheleleyo ukuhlasela yokuhlala Russian. Oku kwenzeka Septemba 13, 1999 no Septemba 4 izenzo ezinkulu ubugrogrisi, wathi yena, ezo "indawo amaSilamsi Russian kuba amajoni abo udubule umphakathi abahlala kummandla Dagestan kunye Chechnya. Russian eluntwini ezifana lolwaphulo-nkqubo kwiminyaka, ngoxa lonke yindlela elula oyimfama iliso kuzo zonke ukuthotywa ka-Muslims. " Ngawo la amazwi Abu Hamza al-Masri.

I-dubulo Volgodonsk

Malunga esithoba esendaweni Oktyabrskoe Highway 35, September 16,-dubulo yenzekile ndingaz-53 elorini. Emva kokuba kuhlaselwa konke ukukhunjulwa ngokuchanekileyo iminyaka engamashumi amaninzi, unyaka kwakukho udubulo zezindlu indlu eRashiya, nangona wayengasekho omkhulu abagrogrisi, efana engaphambili. Kamva analysis of imiqobo 18 bantu bamfumana efile, naye omnye umntu wafela apho esibhedlele. abantu 89 baye esibhedlele kunye ukwenzakala ezahlukahlukeneyo ubungnqongqo.

Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba umnini weloli Abbaskuli Iskander oglu Iskenderov, owayeqhubela imoto kwindawo apho dubulo. Ngokutsho kwakhe, lo Caucasians amathathu uthenge imoto yakhe, lolayisho oko kuthiwa iitapile, wamcela ukuba aye kule ndawo, yaye kuphela ummangaliso wasinda, waya ekhaya kufudumala, kwaye musa ukuba semsebenzini apho ebusuku.

ezifunyanisiweyo kuphando

Ukungqinelana iziphumo zophando, kwakugqitywa kwelokuba, njengoko kuchaziwe apha ngasentla, le ukuhlasela indlu eRashiya kwenzeka ngo-1999 ngesicelo i iinkokeli mthethweni iqela Abaxhobileyo ebizwa Islamic Institute "Caucasus". Baba Aruba kunye Emir Umar al-Khattab. Injongo yokuqala zawahlasela - ekuqinisekiseni nelahleko enkulu yobomi, ukuze kuzuzwe kophulwa yokhuseleko loluntu, ngokunjalo ngezikweko yabemi.

Eyona amandla kudweliswe namabutho babewahlasela Dagestan, kwakukho mercenaries ezahlukeneyo kunye abalwa abavela kwamanye amazwe, bahlambuluka bonke bephela amalungu "Islamic International Brigade", nto leyo eye uqhagamshelwano ngqo nge "Al-Qaeda". Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba i-Iraq indlu ngoSeptemba (1999) eRashiya zaye walawula ngqo uqeqesho enkampini Khattab, leyo elise Chechnya. Kulo mzekelo, uphando yafumanisa ukuba Khattab waba ngentsebenziswano olusondeleyo kakuhle yaziwa ukuba kuthi ga ngoku abanqolobi Busted bin Laden, owathi, ukongeza, bavuthela up sisakhiwo nonozakuzaku US eTanzania eKenya ngowe-1998, kwaye kananjalo wenza abagrogrisi kwi "Twin Towers "ezenzeka ngo-2001 nge-11 Septemba.

amagcisa

Ukuze aphumeze zonke izenzo zabanqolobi, Abu Umar al-Khattab yaye basebenzisa iinkonzo 'uluntu Muslim №3 ». Enye wayengusihlalo Achimez Gochijaev ngubani abalungelelanisiweyo kwaye wayiqhubela Commando qela. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba kude 1997 Gochijaev Kudinga ishishini ngempumelelo e Moscow, kodwa ngo 1997 bathimba iingcamango Wahhabism. Ngenxa yoku, wabuyela lweenkobe Karachaevsk wakhe, waza waqalisa ukuba baqeqeshwe kwinkampu ezizodwa Khattab ebizwa ngokuba "Caucasus". Isigqibo okwakhokelela ukuba i-operation Ngaba Gochijaev samkelwa ngesizathu ukuba a kakhulu elungileyo yokulwa izakhono, aze enye ngexesha wayeyazi kummandla eMoscow.

Ngelo xesha, 2011, uninzi nakolu ngayo abagrogrisi babulawa okanye babanjwa. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, kuphela Achemez Gochijaev alufumanekanga kwaye kuluhlu federal amazwe opick.

Kovalev Commission Special

Kwi kuqala, leyo ngezimali yi Boris Berezovsky (ngelo xesha ilungu leqela "ekhululekile Russia"), imisiwe a ekhethekileyo ikomiti, ogama main Injongo olunzulu uphando abanqolobi kuhlasela olwaqhubeka Volgodonsk kunye eMoscow ngo-1999. The State Duma Isekela Sergei Kovalev yakhethwa njengentloko ikhomishini.

Ebudeni benye yeeseshoni sokugunyaziswa kweli FSB Relations Public Centre kwenziwe ingxelo malunga nento yokuba inkonzo yokhuseleko akayi nenxaxheba promotions abalinganiswa athandabuzekayo kwaye bazibandakanye nabo mbhodamo.

Ngowe-2003, amalungelo oluntu ntliziyo Lev Levinson, ngubani nonobhala ikhomishini Kovalev wathi eneneni uguqulelo inxaxheba kwi FSB yokuba kwakukho udubulo zezindlu indlu eRashiya (1999, photo - ngentla), eyona ezingaqondakaliyo ngaphezu uguqulelo ubukho ebizwa ngokuba "umkhondo Chechen" kwiziganeko ezichazwe. Waphawula ukuba uninzi izigqibo slavi Felshtinsky-ofisini kuphela kokucingelwayo zakho, ezo maxa wambi ngokukhululekileyo kakhulu.

Levinson wathi iKhomishini ekuqaleni kungekho njongo ekuqhubeni uphando ekhawulezileyo, njengokuba sele kwaba ngoko nangoko kucace ukuba akayi kunikwa imvume yokungena kwi nezinto eziyimfuneko ityala lolwaphulo-mthetho, kwaye inxaxheba kuphando yabucala wayengekho phantsi amandla, yaye oku akwenzi ngqiqo.

Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba kukho inani elikhulu iingcebiso sesikweni ukuba ezaba neendlu phulo yindlela kwantinga Izakhiwo zokuhlala ngoSeptemba 1999 eRashiya, kodwa uninzi iimeko luguqulelo esemthethweni wayefanele ukuba kuthathwa njengezisemthethweni. Kwakhona athathe inxaxheba kulo mba, Boris Berezovsky, kodwa zonke izenzo zakhe, njengoko uninzi leengcali, wajolisa ngakumbi kwi ucalulo Putin kunye nobunkokheli bakhe xa iyonke.