Inkulumo - ntoni na? Iintlobo nkulumo. Inkolelo bakuthetha

Sonke ukuqonda intetho umahluko nokubhala ngokugcina iindlela zoqhagamshelwano, Kakade ke, kufanelekile. unyango ezingasebenziyo iza ekudluliseleni ulwazi kubantu ngokwenene ulwimi lwamandulo zoncwadi. Ngoko, ke, kuya kuqwalaselwa iinzame etyeni ungasuka isigama okhethekileyo amabinzana eziqhelekileyo bemihla ngemihla.

Ukuzimisela bakuthetha

Kungekhona inzululwazi kuphela, kodwa ke revolution ulwazi uphawula ngenkulungwane xxi. Babbitt namhlanje eboniswa imihla UNXIBELELWANO amazwi. Thina sonke kunxibelelwano zabo zemihla ngemihla ngenxa kwabo basingqongileyo ulwazi flow eendaba egxile kwintetho. "Yintoni na?" - kubuza umfundi ngolwazelelelo kweli nqaku. Impendulo ephawulekayo definition eshwankathelwe elinikiweyo magama New Webster: ukuba unxibelelwano ngomlomo.

Imvelaphi igama elithi

Eli gama livela kwi discursus Latin, gama elo elithetha "kumjikelo yeentshukumo." Ekuhambeni kwexesha, lo iintshukumo unordered umbhodamo lo moya ebonakalayo siguqulwe. Bona wazihlanganisa ezahlukeneyo iingcinga "multi-owenza", iingcamango, iimbono ezahlukeneyo zabantu ezahlukeneyo kwi ingxaki efanayo. Kamva, kwakukho omnye ukuguqulwa intsingiselo. Uqala ezinxulumene chu kubantu abaninzi oko nengqiqo intetho ngamazwi. Oko kukuthi, ukuba achaze nje. Phantse nasiphi na isithembiso ulwazi: nokuba ekhaya, evela entsimini kwezopolitiko, ideology, inkcubeko, inzululwazi, imicimbi emkhosini - sibanye - le yenye yeendidi intetho.

Incutshe kule intsimi, uNjingalwazi, University of Amsterdam TA Van Deyk ichaza umsebenzi wayo ophambili njenge unxibelelwano - ukuguqula macro-nesenzeko, ezifana inzululwazi, ideology, inkcubeko, phantse wonke umntu kwinqanaba microsocial ngokuthi nokudlulisela ulwazi impembelelo.

Nkulumo nokubhaliweyo

Yintoni eyahlula isicatshulwa intetho? Kakade ke, kufuneka ube phawu eqhelekileyo: intetho qualitative nangoku ngokusisiseko iqulathe eyinhloko - umbhalo. Noko ke, njengoko sele sitshilo, itekisi onjalo efundwayo okanye manani. Phambili ngempumelelo kwayo, okt. E. I ukuqikelelwa kwaye waqonda nempembelelo intetho, eneneni ejika iteksti intetho. Loluphi uhlobo inyathelo emxinwa-ngamazwi? Intetho isoloko ngqo into ethile, ukuhlala kwindawo ethile kunye abaphulaphuli ekujoliswe ethile. Kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo lithetha ulwazi malunga ngayo kwimeko ethile. intetho eyahlukileyo i yohlobo olunye (esisiso) kengoku block.

Noko ke, nomxokelelwane intetho ayikho obubobu, ibhloko enye iphela, omnye uqalisa, yaye ngoko ke simulates ingxoxo, nto leyo ukulandelelana zihloko: .. Omnye iphela, yaye endaweni kuye kufika enye intetho. Ukuba olu hlobo impembelelo ulwimi sele isakhiwo block, ibonisa ngokucacileyo ukwenza umsebenzi kumajelo eendaba.

intetho yakho

Iintlobo ezahlukeneyo emphakathini lula liyabonakala by iintshukumisa zabo kwaye imixholo zisetyenziswa ngendlela yazo yesiqhelo.

Ba yokuqala, kwelinye icala, kunye ezizodwa - kwelinye icala. Umba sociolinguistics 'intetho' sub-yahlulwe yamaziko kunye lichnostnoorientirovanny (personal).

Uhlobo lokuqala ifuna kombalisi kuba yeziko ethile kwezentlalo, ukuba abe ligosa. Eyesibini ibandakanya incoko kunye nabaphulaphuli ngokubhekisa kuye ngokwam. Olu hlobo lonxibelelwano ukuba lujolise umdla yabucala lo mbalisi.

Iintlobo bakuthetha, ke ngoko nohlulwe iintlobo. Ngoko ke, lo mntu okuvakaliswa iintlobo: zemihla ngemihla ekuphileni.

intsebenziswano Social ithatha indawo phakathi kwabantu eziqhelekileyo, baqondane kakuhle. Ngoko ke, oku sikhatshwa lenta zonxibelelwano ngomlomo, ukongeza kuyo. Isithethi luthatha ukuba umphulaphuli eyiqondayo ukuba ngokugqibeleleyo, ngokunxulumene intsingiselo yamagama ziphatheka kakhulu.

uhlobo ebomini intetho kwenzeka xa umntu omnye, esebenzisa amanani ezahlukeneyo zentetho, abafundi baya kunika intsingiselo yazo ezikhona, izizathu yokuziphatha yabo, nento ebizwa ngokuba ihlabathi embilwini. Kuyinto ezendeleyo imisebenzi zamabali. impembelelo ebomini unxibelelwano, eneneni, ezahlukeneyo ukusuka ekhaya. Noko ke, musa ngazo: ezi ntlobo ze intetho ukurhwaphilizela kubo indima ungumphulaphuli esebenzayo. Oko kufuneka wenze ngokubonakalayo intsingiselo umbalisi uthethile.

intetho lwamaziko

Olu hlobo intetho yahlukile kunye isimo, kunye nendima yazo ubudlelwane. unxibelelwano ngomlomo kwenzeka kulo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo yobungcali, ezikhoyo ekuhlaleni, ezifana nolawulo, emkhosini, ushishino, ulwazi ozakuzo kunye nobunzima, zonyango, limangalisa, zenzululwazi, zemfundo, izibhengezo, ezenkolo, ezemidlalo, ezintle, ezomthetho, ezopolitiko.

Nganye kwezi ntlobo yeziko yonxibelelwano impembelelo luphawulwa iinkalo ezimbini eziphambili: orientation ekujoliswe kuzo intetho kunye ababukeli bayo. Advertising intetho kwenzeka phakathi kwemibutho abathengisi kunye addressees zentengiso ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo: kumajelo eendaba, kwiimagazini ezikhethekileyo ecwebezelayo, amaphulo iintengiso ngamajelo eendaba, ukusetyenziswa ngokubanzi intengiso yangaphandle (amaphepha ezaziso, laytpbordy, izibhengezo kwezothutho). Injongo uthethwano kwezopolitiko kuye bebefudula ukuza ukuya ngamandla iqela kwaye ubukho waqhubeka phambi kwakhe.

Ngokubanzi, kuhlalutywa uhlobo oluthile intetho eziko, kufuneka ubonise iimpawu zayo: indlela evelela, izinto (isifundo), iitekisi umzekelo, iintlobo kunye neentlobo, isicwangciso, nxaxheba, ixesha-isithuba, iinjongo, imilinganiselo (kubandakanywa ingqiqo key). Ngezantsi siya kuzama ukwenza oku ngokuhlaziya enye iintlobo zakhe.

intetho zesayensi

Nxaxheba ye intetho eziko, ekuthiwa Science, abaphandi iingxaki yenzululwazi kunye noluntu jikelele - i ababukeli kunye nabantu abafunda neejenali. Imeko yaso yokulingana nxaxheba, kuba bonke ngokulinganayo ukuba inkqubo yonxibelelwano ezibi ukuseka inyaniso. Nangona kunjalo, i intetho yenzululwazi ngandlel ziphikisana. Kwelinye icala, abathatha inxaxheba kulo badla ukumanya be zabo, omnye komnye "oogxa" Wajika, yaye kwelinye - izakhiwo izithintelo kwenxaxheba yangaphandle kwintetho sijonge ukusungulwa kwezikhundla ezizodwa yenzululwazi kunye be. Xa lo mbandela akhutshiweyo kakhulu, ahlelwe enengqondo. Ngoko ke isiphumo siseko kobungqina.

Concepts uthethwano zenzululwazi

Ingcamango uthethwano lwenzululwazi busenza ukuba mininzi inxaxheba izazinzulu. Odnoremenno bona iziveze abaphandi, njengoko ootitshala, njengoko ndikhuthaze, yaye, ke, njengoko iingcali kweso sifundo phantsi kwengxoxo.

Ixabiso olu hlobo lwesenzo ulwimi ngokunxibelelana kuxhomekeke ingqiqo yayo esisiseko: ulwazi, inyaniso, ukufunda. Yena ulwazi oluthile sicwangciso. Oku kubandakanya iibhloko alandelelanayo uphando: isithintelo kunye Ukuqhela sifundo; ngokutsha iinzame zophando yangaphambili; ekuqulunqweni yeengcinga kunye neenjongo; iindlela ukuzimisela; ngokudala umfuziselo theoretical ziqulunqwe isihloko zophando; intshumayelo kweziphumo zophando, uthi kubo ngokutsha peer; definition inzuzo ngayo; intshumayelo kwiijenali zenzululwazi.

genre

Ingcamango uhlobo yavela ngenkulungwane XIX ekuqaleni, isigama intetho - ekupheleni XX. Kuba okokuqala yabo idibene umphengululi Bulgarian Todorov Tsvetan ngo-1975. A imfuno eli nyathelo ingxaki wophuhliso yenzululwazi 'intetho' didi: ngaphakathi naluphi na uhlobo yayo kufuna iinkcukacha ezithe vetshe kwi iyunithi yonxibelelwano intetho. Ingcamango kakhulu ezibanzi Uhlobo kwafika okuzalisekileyo ukuchaza iipateni bakuthetha. Ihlala kukuba, kwelinye icala, nto yenziweyo inkampani, yaye kwelinye - kuchaphazela superstructure yayo.

Njengoko kukhankanyiwe, iintlobo intetho zinxulumene iimbono zakhe ethile njengokuba intshumayelo yakhe. Ngokukodwa, uhlobo intetho zenzululwazi ingabizwa abstract, intetho kule nkomfa, ithisisi, monographs, ingxelo lwenzululwazi-technical, ingxelo yophando, uphononongo, isincoko, ipowusta, abstract, iphepha zenzululwazi.

inkqubo uhlobo Modern uthethwano yenzululwazi kodwa iintlobo ebhaliweyo lomlomo, iquka ikhompyutha kunye noqhagamshelwano (echo-iinkomfa, izingxoxo zenzululwazi, e-mail).

Advertising intetho: ngendlela

Sivumelana kunye nogqirha of Sciences philological Irinoy Germanovnoy Ovchinnikovoy ukuba intetho yeentengiso yahlukile kwezinye iintlobo zonxibelelwano ngomlomo okuzimela yayo. Ngokungafaniyo nezinye "iziko" ngayo oluthambileyo kakhulu, ukususela ingcebiso umsebenzisi. Kuyinto njengenxalenye yobume ye esisebenzisekayo ukwenzela ngenjongo - ukuze abangenakubanyusa. Ngaphezu koko, isihloko intengiso ukuze akulawule umyalelo ntetho yonxibelelwano: channel, ixesha kunye transmission rhoqo. intengiso elungileyo kufuneka lungqanyaniswe izithethe eluntwini apho ingqwalasela kubameli.

Uhlobo multi-amaninzi ye intetho intengiso ngokucacileyo iboniswe ngendlela ebangela ukuba lufumaneke, nokuba ngokuba engumshumayeli njengenoveli uViktor Pelevin kaThixo "Chapaev nochuku". Indlela ukubonisa yayo yoqobo: inoveli ngokwayo ngumxube intetho, iphakathi apho intengiso phambili. Ophambili, a copywriter Tatar, kudala iimveliso zentengiso neentlobo ezahlukeneyo: epheleleyo Imeko iphulo umboniso, iingqiqo zentengiso kunye nezilogeni. Njengoko, ngokutsho Pelevin, copywriters ukukhuthaza abantu - into yentengiso - yokuthenga iimpahla neenkonzo ezithile? Tatar sichazwe yi yokuqala. Abantu, ngokwembono yakhe, basoloko bezama ukufumana inkululeko yokungcungcutheka rhoqo. Kwaye kubo bezibhengezo krele kangangokuba ngokusebenzisa iintengiso intetho razorachivayut Waqonda ukuba le nkululeko kuvela pads ngamaphiko, intsimbi, sawo njalo njalo. D.

Xa inoveli "UBukhosi," umbhali walumkisa, libonisa icala elibi intetho yokwazisa uhlasela ayegqunyelelwe, kulingisa kuzo zonke iinkalo zobomi, ubukhazikhazi endaweni imigaqo yokuziphatha yoluntu. Yena ugxeka intetho, udideke abantu ukhetho injongo yobomi kwaye ithatha indawo imigaqo obschestvoobrazuyuschie.

Global Network and Intetho

Enye imiqondiso kwenkulungwane xxi na ukuvela iindidi ezintsha zonxibelelwano ezibangwa uphuhliso lobuchwepheshe zolwazi. Ngokukodwa, i medium unxibelelwano lwe Internet namhlanje ithatha indawo ebalulekileyo abantu abaninzi. intetho Internet uba ngokuncedisana le epistolary kunye nesimbo buncokola. Iinkcazelo indlela ezingundoqo kuba isikweko - Uhlalutyo axelwe transfer zeesekethe umba omnye (ngumkhuba) ukuya kwelinye. intetho Internet, ngokutsho AG Abramov, na uhlobo yengxoxo, t. E. Interactive makwenziwe ngexesha lenene. Ukongeza, ukuba uba ukungaziwa yonxibelelwano, utyekelo nabo. Ukuchaza oko, kufuneka ukuhlola iinxalenye zayo candelo, kodwa oku ngesihloko omnye nqaku.

isiphelo

Namhlanje akukho mathandabuzo ukuba omnye wemiba zentlalo ukuyilwa osezingqondweni wethu enze intetho. Imizekelo yalo baziwa ngokubanzi. Emva ukubunjwa unxibelelwano ngomlomo imifanekiso enomtsalane okanye nokungafunekiyo izibonelelo zentlalo kunye namaziko lwenzeka ngenxa kolwazi aqukuqela eluntwini. Oku kuveza amathuba ukulawula ezingqondweni zabantu.

Ngokusesikweni, ke ngoko, unxibelelwano ngomlomo kufuneka kuya kulandela iinjongo zeqhinga kunye noluntu yokuziphatha kwe umdla elifutshane ezopolitiko kunye noosomashishini.