Imiba echaphazela izinga yokusabela chemical

Nengqiqo 'isantya "ngokuqhelekileyo nazo kule khosi ye physics. Le nkcazelo jikelele isantya lixabiso obonisa indlela utshintsha naluphi uphawu iyunithi nganye kwexesha.

Le chemistry wasebenzisa definition "rate imichiza reaction." Olu didi igqiba indlela nganye ixesha unit yahluka xi ukuqala wezenzi okanye iimveliso basabela ifunyenwe.

Ukuqikelela izinga, ukutshintsha luxinzelelo lwezinto omnye izinto.

Iinkqubo ezininzi umdla kwindawo eyohlobo olulodwa. Eyohlobo olulodwa (uniform) iinkqubo lulwelo okanye iigesi. Ezi abasabela kuqhubeka ngokupheleleyo. Le imichiza Izinga kuvamile enjalo inkqubo ukutshintsha ratio yoxinaniso ibalwa kwaye lokuphumla ixesha apho kwenzeka esi simo.

Non-eyohlobo olulodwa (owahlukeneyo) le nkqubo imi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: isiqina - igesi, isiqina - ulwelo kunye negesi - ulwelo. Kwezi nkqubo awasabela zenzeke kumda kwisigaba komhlaba. Izinga ekudibaneni kwemichiza kwiinkqubo lweentlobo ngeentlobo kugqiba inani abamenzelayo kwezinto ezithe wangena okanye benziwa ngokubhenca iyunithi komhlaba nganye kwexesha unit.

Imiba echaphazela izinga yokusabela chemical

Kuchaphazela ukuphendula le yoxinaniso kwezinto, ubushushu, ubukho ngumnxibelelanisi (inhibitor), indawo zoqhagamshelwano kunye nohlobo izithako ezisebenzayo.

Okokuqala, izinga indlela kwemichiza kuxhomekeke xi le reactants. Ukhula ngokulingana ngqo kwimveliso zoqhaphelo zabo. Isizathu sokuba ukwandisa isantya ukwandisa imali ye wezenzi izenzo yangqubana yamasuntswana ngenxa ukwandisa inani labo nganye kwiyunithi umthamo.

Ukwandisa izinga kwemali yenkqubo imichiza kunegalelo ekwandeni obushushu. Le ekudibaneni kwemichiza ngokuthatha indawo kwiinkqubo yohlobo olunye (izisombululo ulwelo, imixube igesi) zenzeka ngenxa yangqubana zamacandelo (ngamasuntswana). Noko ke, musa abasoloko bexabana wezenzi ikhokelela iimveliso ezintsha. Kuphela amasuntswana asebenzayo aye okunyuke amandla, ekwaziyo ukwenza ukusabela imichiza.

Ngenxa yokwanda lobushushu kwandisa amandla agciniweyo ye iintlobo kwemichiza kunye nenani iintlobo esebenzayo kwandisa. Ngoko ke, basabela kuya kwenzeka xa amaqondo obushushu aphezulu kunokuba aphansi. Ukumisela indlela izinga reaction kuxhomekeke ubushushu, ngokubanzi ivumela van't Hoff. Le postulate ukuba njengokuba ukunyuka ubushushu nganye izinyuko ezilishumi Celsius, umlinganiselo indlela yemichiza linyuke amaxesha 3-4. Nangona kunjalo, oku ngokuqhelekileyo inika amaxabiso ilingane, kwaye isetyenziswa kuphela xa ekuqhelaniseni uvavanyo lokuqala eziphembelela lobushushu.

negalelo elikhulu kwisantya indlela iguqulela phambi ngumnxibelelanisi - into leyo ibalekisa inkqubo imichiza. Zokuthundeza basebenzisane wezenzi ukwenza iikhemikali intermediate, yaye ekupheleni indlela kokuba akhululwe. Ngokutsho imeko udibaniso bahlule ehlanganisa yohlobo olunye kunye owahlukeneyo.

Izinto anqanda indlela, ebizwa inhibitor.

Izinga reaction kwakhona kuxhomekeke kummandla kunye zoqhagamshelwano reactants. Ukuze ukwandisa olu phawu, iyeza le ukusilwa. Ubungakanani ubuninzi comminution kuzuzwa ezinyibilikayo wezenzi. Ngoko ke, ukusabela ngokukhawuleza kwenzeka isisombululo.

reactants Nature naye ephembelela izinga reaction. Umzekelo, intsimbi nezinki nodibaniso olunesantya ezahlukileyo intsebenziswano kunye xi ezifanayo asidi. Oku kungenxa umsebenzi ezahlukeneyo eekhemikhali lwezi methali.