INgqungquthela yeeNtloko kwiLyubech: Iingcebiso kunye neziphumo

Kwimbali yaseRashiya, njengokuba, ngokwenene, nayiphi na ilizwe, kunamaphepha amaninzi ahlaselayo xa iimfazwe zegazi ezibangelwa igazi zibangele iintlekele ezinkulu kubantu kwaye zenze iimeko ezifanelekileyo kubahlaseli beentlobo ezahlukeneyo. Kwakule mimeko uRus wabonakala ekupheleni kwekhulu le-11 ngenxa yeengxabano phakathi kuka-Oleg Svyatoslavich, uVladimir Monomakh no-Svyatopolk Izyaslavich, ekugqibeleni ukubizwa kwabo kwintlanganiso yeenkosana eLyubech.

Ngaphambili

Ukuqonda oko kwenzeka eRashiya kwithuba elisusela kwiminyaka eyi-1093 ukuya ku-1097, kuyimfuneko ukuqala ibali echaza imfazwe yabantwana abathathu baseSvyatoslav Yaroslavich ngelifa. Ngokukodwa, u-Oleg Svyatoslavich, ukubiza abantu basePolvania ukuba bancede, wakwazi ukuthatha umzala wakhe - uVladimir Monomakh - Chernigov, owayesakuba yinkunzi-dolophu kayise. Ngaphezu koko, isikhulu sithatha uRyazan kwaye, sabula ekulweni nomlawuli waseMurom u-Izyaslav, sabamba inkunzi yakhe, kunye noSuzdal noRostov. Isenzo esinjalo saqwalaselwa ngolu hlobo njengoluhlu olona lukhulu kunabo bonke, kwaye bonke abameli beMonomakhs bendixhobile ngokumelene no-Oleg, owakwazi ukuphinda athole kwakhona amafifdom. Kodwa ingozi yangaphandle engena kwilizwe iye yaphoqa iintshaba ezingenakucinganiswa ukuba zicinge ubuncinane ngokukhawuleza ngokukrakra malunga nokuchasana kwaye zingabonakali uRush ngeemfazwe zangaphakathi.

Abathathi-nxaxheba benkqutyana yesigxina eLyubech

Umqalisi wokuqokelela abalawuli bezona zidumileyo belo xesha kwakunguVladimir Monomakh, umzukulu kaYaroslav oBulumko kunye noMbusi waseByzantine uConstantine IX. Le nkosana, nangobutsha bayo, yabonisa ingqondo engavamile kunye nokukwazi ukuphazamisa. Ngokukodwa, ngo-1093, ukuba nethuba lokunyuka esihlalweni sobukhosi saseKiev, wanqotshwa uSvyatopolk ukuphepha imfazwe, kwaye ngo-1094 ngokuzithandela washiya iChernigov, njengoko wayeqonda ukuba akayi kulwa naye u-Oleg Svyatoslavich kunye namaPolvvusi. Ukongezelela, wayeyindoda enomdla kakhulu enezicwangciso zezopolitiko.

Phakathi kweenkosana zamenyelwa kwi-congress eLyubech zaba yinzala kaYaroslav i-Wisse Svyatopolk Izyaslavich, uDavyd Igorevich, kunye no-Davyd no-Oleg Svyatoslavichy. Ukongeza, ukusuka eTerebovly wabizwa umzukulu wakhe-uVasilko Rostislavich.

Unyaka we-1097: Inkomfa yeenkosana eLyubech

Isidingo somhlangano wabalawuli abachaphazelekayo belizwe lide lide. Nangona kunjalo, uVladimir Monomakh wayengenakuchukumisa uOleg Svyatoslavich ukuba eze eKiev, ngenxa yokuba wayeyika ukuhlaselwa. Ekugqibeleni kwagqitywa ukuba ibambe iqumrhu leenkosana eLyubech. Le nqaba yayiseMonomakh, kodwa kwakukho ixesha elide kungekho mntu ohlala kuyo. Njengoko iimbali zale minyaka zifakazela, uNkosana Vladimir wabhekisela kubazalwana bakhe waza wababiza ukuba babale ukuzondla nokukhusela amaMeland kwiintshaba eziqhelekileyo-iiPolvvusi.

Iziphumo ze-congress eLyubech

Emva kwengxubusho exhafisayo, iinkosana zanikezela kwakhona iinkokheli zilandelayo:

• I-Syatopolk Izyaslavich iya eKiev ngePrankk naseTurov;
• UVladimir Monomakh wamkela iPeryaslavl, uSololk, waseSuzdal-Rostov, iBeloozero;
• UDavyd Igorevich wayezakulawula uVolodymyr-Volynsky kunye noLutsk;
• UVasilko Rostislavich kunye nomntakwabo uVolodar wanika uTerebovl, uPeremyshl noCherven;
• UDavyd no-Oleg Svyatoslavichi baqala ukulawula eChernigov, kunye nakwilizwe le-Seversek, eRyazan, Murom naseTmutarakan.

Ngaloo ndlela, i-congress yeenkosana e-Lyubech yavakalisa umgaqo welifa ngabalawuli baseRussia bamazwe ooyise, kwaye umphumo walo obaluleke kakhulu ngowokusekwa eRussia kwinkqubo entsha yezopolitiko esekelwe kwimimandla emikhulu ye-feudal egcinwe ezandleni zamasebe ahlukeneyo aseDurk.

Iziganeko ezilandelayo

Ngelishwa, i-congress yaseRashiya iinkosana eLyubech ayikwazanga ukukhokelela ekumiseni uxolo oluhlala eRashiya, ekubeni uDavid Igorevich wathumela isithethi kuSvyatopolk ngxelo malunga nenkqonkqo yokubanjwa kwetrone ye-Kiev nguVladimir Monomakh noVaskoko Rostislavich. Le ntshukumo yenzelwe ingozi enkulu kwilizwe lethu. Inyaniso kukuba i-Sviatopolk, eyakholelwa ukunyundela, yamema uVasilko eKiev, yamvalela kwaye yamphosa. Yaye ubungqina bugcinwe ukuba uRostislavich uxwayiswe malunga nomgibe ozayo. Nangona kunjalo, waphendula wathi iinkosana zaseLyubech "zamanga umnqamlezo", ngoko akakholelwa ukuba unokubeka engozini. Isiphumo sezenzo zikaSvyatopolk noDavid Igorevich kwakuyimfazwe entsha ye-internecine, eyadlulela kude kube ngu-1110.

Congress e Uvettechi

Ehlotyeni ye-1110 iinkosana uVladimir Monomakh, uSvyatopolk, uDavyd no-Oleg Svyatoslavich baqokelela kwaye "badala uxolo phakathi kwabo". Emva koko bambiza uDavid Igorevich ukuba balingwe, bawuthintela u-Vladimir-Volyn, kodwa baqinisekisa ukuba abaza kuwuphindezela. Ukongeza, uSvyatopolk wamnika iDubna neChertorizhsk, kwaye uSvyatoslavichy wanika imali eninzi. Ekubeni iimfuno zamacandelo onke ziqwalaselwe, imfazwe yangaphakathi yaphela.

Ngaloo ndlela, injongo yenkomfa yeenkosana eLyubech, eyayiza kuzuza uxolo ngonaphakade eRashiya, ayizange ifumaneke ngenxa yeenqweno zabanye abathathi-nxaxheba.