Imikhankaso yeCrimea yeminyaka eyi-1687-1689

Ngekhulu le-XVII i-peninsula ICrimea yenye ye-wreckage yenkosi yaseMongolia endala - i-Golden Horde. AmaKhans aseKhaya amanyathelo amaninzi ahlasele ukuhlasela kwegazi eMoscow nakumaxesha ka-Ivan the Terrible. Nangona kunjalo, unyaka wonke kwaba nzima ukuba bahlangabezane neRashiya kuphela.

Ngoko ke, iCrimean Khanate yaba yintsimi yaseTurkey. Ngelo xesha ubukhosi base-Ottoman bufikelele ekuphakameni kwayo. Yatyula kuwo onke amazwekazi amathathu. Imfazwe nalo mbuso yayingenakupheka. Abalawuli bokuqala abavela kwintando yaseRomanov babhekiselele eCrimea.

Imfuneko yokunyuka

Ephakathi kwe-17 leminyaka, kwavela imfazwe phakathi kweRashiya nePoland kwi- Left-Bank Ukraine. Ingxabano ejikeleze le ndawo ebalulekileyo yanda yaba yimfazwe ende. Ekugqibeleni, ngowama-1686, kwasayinwa isivumelwano soxolo. Kulo, iRashiya yafumana indawo enkulu kunye neKiev. Ngesinye isikhathi, iRomanovs yavuma ukujoyina into ebizwa ngokuba yi-Sacred League yamaYurophu aseYurophu ngokumelene noMbuso wase-Ottoman.

Yadalwa yimizamo kaPapa Innocent II XI. Ininzi yalo yayenziwe ngamazwe amaKatolika. Kwili ligi langena kwiRiphabhliki yaseVenice, uMbuso oyiNgcwele oyiRoma, kwakunye ne-Commonwealth. Kwakuloo manyano apho iRashiya yajoyina. Amazwe angamaKristu avumile ukusebenzisana ngokumelene nosongelo lwesiSilamsi.

ERashiya kwi-Holy League

Ngoko, ngowe-1683 iMfazwe Enkulu yaseTurkey yaqala. Imisebenzi esempi yempi eyenziwa eHongary nase-Austria ngaphandle kokuthatha inxaxheba eRashiya. I-Romanovs, ngenxa yazo, yaqala ukuphuhlisa isicwangciso sokuhlaselwa kweCrimean Khan, i-Sultan's vassal. Umqalisi wale phulo kwakuyinkosikazi uSophia, owayengumlawuli welizwe elikhulu ngelo xesha. Izikhulu zentloko uPetros no-Ivan babengabalingani besikhokelo abangazange benze isigqibo.

Iiprogram zeCrimea zaqala ngo-1687, xa umkhosi onamandla wamakhulu amawaka wathunyelwa emzantsi phantsi komyalelo weNkosana Vasily Golitsyn. Wayeyintloko yentlawulo yePosolsky, ngoko ke, ephethe umgaqo-nkqubo welizwe langaphandle. Ngaphantsi kwemibhobho yakhe kwakungekho kuphela iirmimenti eziqhelekileyo zaseMoscow, kodwa kunye ne-Cossacks zamahhala zaseZaporozhye kunye neDon. Baholwa ngu-Ataman u-Ivan Samoilovich, apho amaRashiya ahlangene naye ngoJuni 1687 kumanxweme eMlambo waseSamara.

Eli phulo linikezelwe kakhulu. USophia wayefuna, ngoncedo lwempumelelo yempi, ukudibanisa igunya lakhe kummandla. Iiprogram zeCrimea kwakufuneka zibe ngenye yezinto eziphumelelayo zokulawula kwakhe.

Ukunyuka kokuqala

Amashishini aseRashiya aqala ukuhlangabezana namaTatars emva kokuwela umlambo weConka (umgcini weDnieper). Nangona kunjalo, abachasene nabo balungiselelwe ukuhlasela okuvela kumntla. AmaTatars atshisa lonke iqela kulo mmandla, ngenxa yokuba amahashe aseRashiya ayengenanto yokutya. Iziganeko ezimbi zikhokelela ekubeni kwimihla emibini yokuqala emva kweeyure ezili-12 kuphela. Ngoko, iiprogram zeCrimea zaqala ngokuhluleka. Ukufudumala kunye nothuli kwenza ukuba iGolitsyn iqokelele ibhunga apho kugqitywe khona ukubuyela ezweni lakubo.

Ukuze ngandlela-thile uchaze ukungaphumeleli kwakhe, isikhulu saqala ukukhangela ityala. Ngaloo mzuzu ukuchaswa ngokungachazwanga kweSamoilovich kwaziswa kuye. U-Ataman wamangalelwa ukuba nguye yena kunye no-Cossacks wakhe obeka umlilo kwi-steppe. U-Sophia wazi ngokuchaswa. U-Samoilovich wayehlazekile kwaye walahlekelwa ngumlenze wakhe - isimboli samandla akhe. Kwabizwa ngokuba yiRada yeCosacks, apho i- Ivan Mazepa yonyulwa khona . Eli nani laxhaswa nguVasily Golitsyn, phantsi koobunkokheli beCrimea.

Ngelo xesha, imisebenzi yemikhosi yaqala ngephondo lomzabalazo phakathi kweTurkey neRashiya. Umkhosi ophantsi kolawulo lukaGeneral Grigory Kosagov uthathe ngempumelelo i-Ochakov - inqaba ebalulekileyo kunxweme loLwandle oluMnyama. Abantu baseTurkey baqala ukuxhalabisa. Izizathu zeeprogram zeCrimea zanyanzelisa i-tsarina ukuba inike umyalelo wombutho wephulo elitsha.

Iphulo lesibini

Iphulo lesibini laqala ngoFebruwari 1689. Umhla awukhethwa ngethuba. INkosana Golitsyn yayifuna ukufika e-peninsula ngasentwasahlobo, ukuphepha ukushisa kwehlobo kunye nemililo yomlilo. Umkhosi waseRashiya wawuquka abantu abayi-110 lamawaka. Ngaphandle kwezicwangciso, yafuduka yancinci. Ukuhlaselwa kwamaTatars kwakuyi-episodic - imfazwe jikelele ayizange kwenzeke.

NgoMeyi 20, amaRussia aye esinqabeni esiqakathekileyo-uPerekupu, eyayimi kwindawo esincinci ekhokelela eCrimea. I-shaft yayigubungile. UGolitsyn akazange alinde ukubeka abantu engozini kwaye athathe iPekop ngeqhwithi. Kodwa wachaza isenzo sakhe ngento yokuba kwinqaba apho kwakungekho nto yokusela ngamanzi amanzi. Umkhosi emva kokulwa kwegazi kunokuhlala kungekho ndlela yokutya. AmaPalamente athunyelwa kwiCrimean khan. Uthathethwano luqhutywe. Ngelo xesha, umkhosi waseRashiya waqalisa ukufa kwamahashe. Kwacaca ukuba iiprogram zeCrimea zika-1687-1689. Kuya kubakho nto. UGolitsyn wanquma okwesibini ukubuyisela umkhosi.

Ngaloo ndlela wagqiba amaphulo eCrimea. Iminyaka yokunyamekela ayifuni ukunika iRashiya izabelo ezibonakalayo. Izenzo zakhe zaphazamisa iTurkey, okwenza kube lula kuma-allies aseYurophu ukuba alwe naye kwi-Western Front.

Ukugqithisa uSophia

Ngeli xesha eMoscow uSophia yayisesimeni esinzima. Iingxaki zakhe zazibekwe ngokubhekiselele kuye ngamanani amaninzi. Wazama ukuzenza ngathi yonke into yayilungelelaniso: wancoma iGolitsyn ngempumelelo. Nangona kunjalo, ehlotyeni kwakukho ukutshutshiswa kombuso. Abalandeli bakaPetros abancinci babhuqa ukumkanikazi.

U-Sophia waxhaswa kwi-nun. UGolitsyn wayebanjwe ekuthinjweni ngenxa yokuncenga komzala wakhe. Abancedisi abaninzi baseburhulumenteni bamandulo babulawa. Amaphulo e-Crimea ngo-1687 kunye neminyaka eyi-1689. Ukukholelwa ekubeni uSophia wayekhethile.

Omnye umgaqo-nkqubo we-Russia kumzantsi

Kamva, uPetros Omkhulu wazama ukulwa neTurkey. Iiphulo zakhe ze-Azov zenze ukuba kube yimpumelelo. IRashiya inomkhumbi wokuqala oselwandle. Enyanisweni, bekuncinci kummandla wamanzi wangaphakathi we-Azov Sea.

Oku kwenza ukuba uPetros anake ingqalelo eBaltic, apho iSweden yayiphethe. Ngaloo ndlela yaqala iMfazwe Enkulu yeMntla, eyakhokelela ekwakheni iSt. Petersburg kunye nokuguqulwa kweRashiya ibe ngukumkani. Ngexesha elifanayo, iTurks yawina iAzov. I-Russia yabuyela kummandla oselunxwemeni kuphela kwisiqingatha sesibini senkulungwane ye-18.