Imbali yentengiso

Ukupapashwa ... Namhlanje kuhamba nathi kuyo yonke indawo: iipowers kunye namabhanki, iiflethi kunye neebhodi, izibhengezo, iifowuni, i-pennants, iintengiso zethelevishini, ezinye iindlela ezitshintshela ukuthenga, ukutyelela, zama, kwaye ziza nini na?

Iimbono zezinto zakudala zibonisa ukuba nakwihlabathi la mandulo, le nto yayithatyathwa kakhulu. Abanye abaphengululi bakholelwa ukuba imbali yentengiso ivela kwiYiputa yamandulo. Ubuncinane ipapyrus yokuqala kunye nesibhengezo sokuthengiswa kwekhoboka lafunyanwa kweli lizwe. Kamva kamva, kwintsimi yaseGrisi yasendulo kunye neRoma yaseRoma, izazi-mlando zifumene iiplanga ezininzi, amathambo amathambo, izitya zethusi ezineenkcukacha malunga nokuthengiswa kwempahla ethile. Bavela ngomhla we-6 okanye we-8 weminyaka eyi-BC.

Imbali yentengiso, izazinzulu zifunyenwe, ziqala ngokuza kwezorhwebo. Erekhodiweyo kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo (i-papyrus, ithusi, amathambo), ulwazi lwaye lwafundwa ngokuvakalayo kwiindawo ezininzi kakhulu. Sekunjalo ngoko injongo yezipapasho zifuna ukutsala umdla, ukungena kwangena kwiingcinga zabathengi. Abathengisi, usebenzisa izandi, ezibonwayo, iindlela ezibhaliweyo, abathengi abaphoqelekileyo ukuba benze izinto ezintle kwaye zizuze izenzo zentengiso.

Imbali yeentengiso ibonisa ukuba ibalulekileyo ebalulekileyo ekuphuhlisweni kweli bakala kwakunyaka-1472. Ngaphambili, kwakusungulwa umshini wokushicilela, oko kukuthi lo nyaka unyaka wokuqala wokupapashwa. Wafumaneka emnyango webandla, waza wachaza ngokuthengiswa kwencwadi yomthandazo.

Ukupapashwa kwimidiya yokushicilela kuqala kubonakala ngo-1630. Umntu waseFransi ongumThefhrastus Renaudo uqale ukuthumela iintengiso kwi "iphephandaba laseFransi". Omnye wo kuqala - ulwazi malunga nomvuzo ofanelekileyo, oya kunikwa umntu obonise indawo yeehashe ezininzi ezebiweyo.

Phantse ngexesha elifanayo, ibhanki yokuqala yokukhangisa yabonakala. Kwakuyiphepha lephepha elifakwe kumgca wokuhlulwa kwentonga kunye novavanyo olubhaliweyo, oludwetshwe ngumfanekiso. Wabeka efestile enye yeefleji zeFransi ezingathengiyo: wathengisa iikiti yakhe engabizi.

Ngokuphuhliswa kweshishini, imbali yentengiso yaqala ukuzuza. Ukususela ngo-1839, ukusetyenziswa kwezithombe kusetshenziswe kule shishini. Kwaye ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19, i-arhente yokuqala yokukhangisa yabonakala, eyahluke kakhulu kunamhlanje. Abasebenzi bakhe bathenga iimpahla kwiphephandaba, baza bazibuyisela kubathengisi ngexabiso elithintekayo.

E-Rashiya, imbali yentengiso ithe yaveliswa ngokukhawuleza. Eyaziwayo kwixesha le-10-11 leminyaka, i-barker yatshintshwa yimiqulu eyaziwayo, leyo leyo yakhawuleza yanikela kwiindawo zokuthengisa. Emva koko, amaqabunga ambala aqala ukuvela kwiifestile zezakhiwo zikawonkewonke, zazihlotshiswe ngamahashe, trams. Amanqaku amaninzi aphetshile amakhalenda kunye nabo. Zininzi ii-bureaus ezikhethekileyo kwiintengiso zavulwa.

Ukuphuhlisa ngokuthe ngcembe nokuphucula, izibhengezo, iikhalenda, njl. Zasinda nanamhla.

Ngama-1990, imbali yentengiso yentlalo yaqala eRussia. Namhlanje ibamba indima ebalulekileyo ekubunzeni ubudlelwane obuhle phakathi kwabemi kunye nelizwe. Iintengiso zentlalo engekho-yorhwebo zibiza ukulwa nogonyamelo, ukuthanda abazali, ukufundisa kakuhle abantwana, ukukhusela imvelo, njl.

Ngokufika kwe-intanethi, imbali yentengiso yenza i-twist entsha. Intanethi ayizange ibe yinto yesiko kubantu abaninzi, kodwa "ama-techies" asele athumele i-imeyili yomnye ngolwazi oluchanekileyo. Nangona ukuba i-mailings ivele ikhona, kukholelwa ukuba imbali yentengiso ye-Intanethi iqala ngo-90. Oku, ngokutsho kweengcaphephe, kwakukho "ixesha le-spam yegolide", kwaye ngexesha elifanayo, i- adner banner.

Namhlanje, ukuthengisa kwiWebhu kudlule yonke imingcipheko ebomvu kunye nokulindela. Kodwa oku akusiphela isiphelo sebali.