Izikhali APU: C-300 "endimthandayo". Ukucacisa, iifoto

Inani lwamacandelo wamajoni-lwezenzululwazi, ethandwa kakhulu kwindawo ekuthiwa uphendulane, musa ufake abaqhubi izikhululo air yokuzikhusela. Kufuneka abaqhubi, paratroopers, Scouts, kodwa hayi abo abapase ezinyanzelekileyo okanye inkonzo isivumelwano kwaye baqeqeshwe ekusingatheni iinkqubo enomjukujelwa anti-moya "Buk" okanye C-300 "endimthandayo". Iifoto nevidiyo kule nqubo, ukukhasa ecaleni kweendlela ukuya ngasempuma, kwiinyanga zakutsha nje, okuye kwagcwala kumajelo eendaba kunye Internet.

Kutheni "ziThandwyo 'kufuphi IDonetsk?

Kubonakala ukuba anti-moya iingcali iinkqubo APU ngokwaneleyo njengoko SAM ngokwabo. Kutheni na ke apho? Ngenxa yokuba sonke siyazi ukuba wamajoni-moya yalo apho, alabonakala kungalindelekanga. ke kunjalo njani,, amawaka amajoni kunye namagosa kulwa bebutho ngaphezu konyaka kwaye wenze ngaphandle ngenqwelomoya mihla imfazwe elektroniki? moya kabani uza knock phantsi izibalo ekukhonzeni iinkqubo enomjukujelwa S-300 APU "endimthandayo"? Kukho imibuzo ngaphezu iimpendulo. Ukuze kucaciswe ngandlela ithile imeko, bekuya kuba yimfuneko ukuze uqonde ukuba yintoni na ezi iinkqubo zokhuselo, njengoko Ukraine ubamkele nendlela ngayo.

iimfuneko jikelele kwinkqubo mihla umoya yokhuselo imizili mobile

ESoviet izikhali anti-moya ukususela ekusekweni kwayo, wayibona indlela zisebenzayo nokulwa moya yotshaba. Kwanele ukuba ukukhumbula iziganeko baloo mashumi angamahlanu kade - gqira ekuqaleni xa badutyulwa phantsi iinqwelo-moya hlola U-2 babegqalwa anihlasele. Bayakwazi ukubhabha undizela phezulu (ngaphezu 18.000 meters), apho interceptors ayikwazanga asuswe, kodwa imijukujelwa zabo anti-moya, waza apho. Ke kwakukho Vietnam, apho ngelo xesha ukuba sohlwayo ukuba kuqhunyiswe Hanoi kunye neminye imizi Vietnam akayi kusebenza nkqu US Air Force ebinezinto heavy-umsebenzi iindlela zobugcisa. Ngelo xesha, yaye iimfuno ezingundoqo iinkqubo enomjukujelwa mihla mobile anti-moya, kwaye ngexesha elifanayo ukufumana iingxaki eziphambili abajongene izibalo zabo. Yasungulwa ngo "Shrike" imijukujelwa i US protivoradarnyh ijoliswe ecaleni komgca yophendlo esebenzayo ngokubhekisele kwiithagethi zokuqhubekela ekhutshwa yi-eriyali. Ngoko nangoko emva sungula waba "amavili okuba" kubalulekile oko kukuthi, kangangoko kunokwenzeka elikhawulezayo izikhundla engango ukulwa ukuze uphephe ukuziphindezela. Ukuzisa ezimbaxa zibe kwindawo zothutho wanikwa imizuzu embalwa (idla kancinane ngaphezulu kwama-20), lo gama, njengoko umthetho, iintambo uqhagamshelo ngokujulwa, ngenxa yokuba kwakungekho ixesha sisuke kubo.

Konke oku amava kubonakaliswe ekuyilweni ezintsonkothileyo air-yokuzikhusela S-300 "endimthandayo". version lokuqala baqalisa iza kuphuhliswa 1969, njengoko amajoni wangena ngo-1978.

imigomo

Ngoko ke, izakhiwo mihla mobile iintswelo zomoya zokhuselo ngexesha elifutshane nijike nize ubume bokulwa, uze kanye njengokuba ngokukhawuleza (kwaye mhlawumbi oluikhawuleza), idluliselwe kwindawo zothutho ushiye iindawo zokusebenza, ngaphandle kokulinda ukuba impendulo amanyathelo yotshaba Nokwethisa kuyo. Kodwa kukho ezinye iimfuno Obumbe ukubonakala kuthembisa anti-moya iinkqubo enomjukujelwa S-300 "endimthandayo" zokuguqulwa ezahlukeneyo. Enye yazo kukuba ekuqaleni wokulwa isikhundla kwaba fi hlo. Ukuba ubeka i-SAM ethafeni evulekileyo, utshaba uya kukwazi ukufumana oko ngeendlela ezininzi, kuquka ezibonwayo. Ukuphehlelelwa ehlathini, okanye ngenxa isondo zendalo kwimimandla uncedo kunzima, ekubeni le miqobo ukunqanda oko. Kanti ke, ukuze songe imali mali, kungakuhle ukuba ukudibanisa iintlobo ezintathu ezinkulu bekujongiwe Navy, i Army kunye Air Defense. Oku kunxibelelana imiqathango kweenkqubo enomjukujelwa S-300 "endimthandayo".

iimfuno ezisisiseko kunye neempawu

Ekuqaleni lomsebenzi projekthi sele yaqulunqa iingxaki eziphambili ukuziphendulela. Ekubeni iinqwelo eqhelekileyo kunye ntaka izinto zentsimbi kwinqanaba Committe, kwakugxininiswe ukuba ganga ngoku imijukujelwa ephantsi-ezibhabhayo kunye neethagethi-high speed, balwa ukusuka stratosphere kwi sesiqhelo enkulu (ngeeyunithi yokulwa ethile IDB). Le ezininzi ungakwazi ukusebenza i-S-300 "endimthandayo". Iimpawu kuvumela phantse naluphi na uhlobo injongo:

• Radius - 5-90 (kamva 150) km.
• Ukuphakama Ubhaqo sisilonda esidumbileyoesingaphakathi kunye - km ukusuka 25 m ukuya 27.
• Isantya ekujoliswe - up to 4140 km / h, kamva banda amawaka 10 km / h ..
• Inani lezinto eziphaphazelayo ngaxeshanye ezibandakanya - 6.
• Inani amagalelo ekujoliswe nganye - 2.
• Amathuba kokutshabalalisa ekujoliswe (enomjukujelwa wokuhlolwa) - ukususela 80 ukuya 93%.
• Ixesha phakathi buqala - ukususela-3 ukuya kwimizuzwana eyi-5.

Ngenelela ephantsi-andize neenjongo super-high

Ngeminyaka, lo msebenzi ungxamisekileyo yaba ukuziphendulela ithuba wentshabalalo-moya indlela ezimcaba kunye zikhali ze imijukujelwa weave, aphezu isikhokelo lokugqibela. Kuba ezi iinjongo kunye wadala S-300 "endimthandayo", kodwa design yayo ithatha ingqalelo amathuba nophuhliso indlela zonikezelo zezixhobo. Inkqubela izixhobo ekhubekisayo uba sezintlungwini, ngoko, iprojekthi ebiza enjalo - ukuze aphephe iphelelwe efutshanisileyo - kufuneka ibe nako ukudubula phantsi izinto, eziphaphazelayo ngokukhawuleza nangaphezulu phambili kubo. kweemitha ezingama-25? Mhlawumbi, kodwa ke, kwi-70, ukuba nomfanekiso amathuba udale i izixhobo ekwaziyo ukuba ezinjalo, oko akunakwenzeka, yaye namhlanje kunzima. S-300 "endimthandayo" waba amathuba eliphezulu zokuwaguqula, ukuba lixesha namhlanje - ke kaninzi inkqubo yokhuselo umoya Russian esekelwe, nangona kwakukho sele "uloyiso" ye-S-400 ezineempawu eliphezulu. Kwi indlela no C-500.

division isakhiwo

Umgaqo loLwahlulo inkqubo air wokhuselo ifuna i iiyunithi ezifanelekileyo kwisakhiwo solawulo.

Ukubunjwa iseti entsonkothileyo S-300 "endimthandayo" uquka iqela izindululi mobile, ukudala uhlobo yeqela apho umatshini umntu uthathwa ukuba eziphambili, kunye ababini - yokuzikhethela. Ngaphandle kwabo, iyantlukwano ababandakanyekayo kujoliswe izikhululo radar kanye njengendlela yokuqinisekisa yokulwa ukusebenza (zibiza izithuthi). Management lwenziwa ukusuka isithuba umyalelo mobile, baxhotyiswa radar sokukhanyisa kunye neenkqubo isikhokelo. Efumanise ekujoliswe ezimaxongo ezindaweni yimveliso kakutsha ophantsi kwendawo HBO, nto leyo obekwe kwi kwisilayidi-out erhuqwayo isixhobo okhethekileyo.

irula 5V55R

Lixhotyiswe uluhlu imijukujelwa ezahlukeneyo, ngoku isikakhulu 5V55R eziphuhliswe CB "letotshi". Yayakhelwe kwisikimu classical kunye ngokusonga iphini rotary. Xa izithuthi kwindawo ekuqaleni 5V55R ukuba ibekwe kwisingxobo zezindlu hermetically etywiniweyo gingxi. Kwisithuba elishumi, akuyomfuneko ukuba ukulawula imeko yabo, njengoko ufakelwe injini eqinileyo. Lamagumbi ziqulathe izixhobo ulawulo enomjukujelwa, nale ulwalathiso kunye nezinye inkqubo zekhompyutha. DB-300 "endimthandayo" linokuyiqhuba yokuqalisa phantse naziphi na izinto ezifihlakeleyo, kuquka kubulela kakhulu nobunzima kakhulu, ukuba imisebenzi eyakhayo, ngokubonelela isilinge ekuqaleni. Party, yona le njongo, ayibalulekanga. Umjukujelwa ke betekisi ukusuka isikhongozeli ukuya ukuphakama kuyimitha-20, yaye ke yena iqala injini, yena ajike kwindawo ekunene.

amandla ziyaphawulwa

Action HE iindawo ukuqhekeka atsho: udubulo kudala izenzo kumda wesangqa ngqo ukuhamba uxabela izinto ngohlobo kukho cone landayo. 5V55R irula S-300 "endimthandayo" ekulweni gumbi sinentloko esinobunzima ka-133 kg umonakalo, 48N6 - 143 kg kwaye 48N6M kakhulu ezinamandla - 180 kg. mali yokuqalisa contactlessly (okt kwebala-njongo moya igobhogobho ozikhethelayo) yerada fuze amanyathelo. Submunitions zenziwe ngohlobo iibhloko yesinyithi.

electronic

Le backwardness kobuchwepheshe yiSoviet elektroniki yoma akazange athethe kuphela abemi amavila. maza Japanese okanye German, TV kunye oonomathotholo ababelungile okunene, kodwa ukuthelekisa amathuba zobugcisa wamajoni, akukho mntu wayekwazi, kodwa neengcali. Ngoko ke, eli qela, ikhokelwa ngu V. S. Burtsevym, ukuba sele liphuhlise ulawulo computer, apho zaba sisiseko 5E26 ezintsonkothileyo, uyakwazi ukucombulula iingxaki ezinzima kakhulu algorithmic kwaye iimeko ezivela ezininzi (on-ebhodini kunye Elinye Labaniki ndawo yangaphandle) iinkcukacha zale ncwadi. Kwaye ngaphandle, inkqubo yokulwa S-300 "endimthandayo" wafumana ubuchule bokwahlula lwenyaniso data ababuxoki. Avelisa amanyathelo ayimfuneko ikwimo oluzenzekelayo ngezinga eliphezulu sifo ingxolo. Kule yee-, izixhobo oluphuculweyo njalo, kwaye le nkqubo kwaqhubeka kwinkulungwane xxi, esebenzisa yeendima mihla.

Bangaphi "ezazithandwa" kwi Ukraine?

1991, ezi kunye nezinye iinkqubo ezibe qwa lonke kujikelezo umda karhulumente eSoviet Union, yaye emva kokuwa yinxalenye lwabo ilifa APU. C-300 "endimthandayo" kufuna inkathalo abanezakhono: bekusoloko kwenkulungwane ikota, nto leyo ngaphezu kabini ngaphezu isethi ezikhabhathini kwemaliu ukususela kwixesha yemveliso kwanezona "Ukrainian" imizili entsha. esinye kuphela salungiswa ngo-2012 kunye ulwandiso seminyaka emihlanu le resource. Kubo ngo-2013 ukuya umhlala, kodwa iziganeko East loku zicwangciso. Ukraine wayezithethelela okwangoku zimelwe iinkqubo ithathele amathandathu iintlobo ezahlukeneyo Bangaphi aba "ezazithandwa" (C-200, "Buk-M1" kunye nabanye.) - ukwaziswa uluntu jikelele. Zenziwe eRashiya, xa isityalo zobunjineli kubo. M. I. Kalinina, yaye ngenxa yezizathu ezicacileyo, akathengiswa kumazwe ekulandeleni imigaqo-nkqubo abanabuhlobo.

amathuba

Yiba ukuba kunjalo, i "ziThandwyo" kumkhosi Ukrainian kusenjalo lukhulu. Noko ke, isabelo sawo sisele, kodwa kucingwa ukomelela okukhulu kakhulu kunye nokuthembeka zobugcisa Soviet, oko kuthathwa ukuba nanamhlanje inkoliso iinkqubo zikwimeko yokulwa lokulungela. Kuyo yonke le khosi pro-Western le kulawulo lwangoku Kiev licebisa ukuba maxesha zokhuselo lomoya iya kuba iisampuli yasentshona. Ufuna imali, oko akwanelanga, kangangokuba kuhlaziyo ekhawulezayo kufuneka kulindelwe. Noko ke, yintoni angabekwa kwicala ukulwa umsebenzi emva kokuba uvele yokugqibela 'ozithandayo? "Iinkqubo ezintsha akufuneki ukuba ikhosi-nkqubo wezangaphandle Ukraine ukuba akunjalo ngokucacileyo ukuba amazwe phambili NATO ukuba esichengeni unikezelo yabo kuphela simahla, kodwa imali eninzi. Oku kuphakamisa umbuzo ngayo, iinkqubo American enomjukujelwa wokhuselo yaseBritani okanye French iya kuba nempumelelo kwimeko yongquzulwano yokwenene evela kunyuko zibe kwisigaba "shushu"? Avamise kakhulu ehlabathini yasentshona SAM zicingeleka ezenziwe kwi-US "ngokuthanda uhlanga". Mhlawumbi baza ukutshintsha imijukujelwa MAT-300 'endimthandayo "?

Ukuthelekisa ne "ngokuthanda uhlanga"

Phantse zonke izalathi si zokunikwa S-300 abe "ngokuthanda uhlanga". Radius, apho ukufunyanwa setekeni kunokwenzeka, kuya kuba asezantsi kakhulu (90 xa kuthelekiswa 150 km). ukuphakama ngenelela phansi (24.4 xa kuthelekiswa-30 amawaka. m). Indawo ekhuselweyo "ethandwayo" ntsimi phindene mkhulu (150 macala onke. Km ne-15 ngokulandelelana). Ukuba inkqubo Russian ye ukuguqulwa lokugqibela ukulungele ukuba ganga ngoku ekujoliswe hypersonic (ukuya kwi-10 000 m / s), nembangi yayo waseMelika lunqongophele umda (ukuya ku 2200 m / umzuzwana). Nangona kunjalo, inani imijukujelwa, aqhubela ngexesha elinye, ngaphezu kwesiqingatha (24 no-12), kodwa kwakhona iindleko "ngokuthanda uhlanga 'kumaxesha ngasentla. zibiza amandla kwakhona yayileliphezulu phakathi "ezazithandwa" - le mijukujelwa waseMelika 80 kg. ukuthetha ixesha basiwe kwezinye iindawo kunye amahlwili (imizuzu 15-30) yaye egameni US sample. Ukongezelela, oko esingazihambeliyo, mfutho imfuneko yakhe. Ngoko ke kwakhona, eRussia phambili.