"Cornflower" (82 mm nodaka): iimpawu, iifoto

Mortars kwinkulungwane XX yaba uhlobo ebalulekileyo yezixhobo elihamba. Ngokutsho abasebenzi, baye zokuhlamba, kuxhomekeka ubukhulu, ayilwe ngendlela ethi ixhobise inkampani iiyunithi, nomkhosi, inqanaba regimental kunye kweminyango. iindlela ezizodwa intshabalalo mlilo "Centaurea" - nodaka ekwaziyo ngokudubula Ungqabhuko, yaye ukuba kuyimfuneko ukwenza imisebenzi ekhethekileyo na imipu zokudubula ngaphambili.

Yintoni ibumba

Ngengqiqo ezaziwa nodaka - uhlobo lwe isixhobo esisebenzisa umsinga jet oluthi luqokelelane phezu ucinezelo ngayo ezweni kwentlawulo. Umphanda esi sixhobo imisela ulwalathiso uqina yokuqala projectile, ekuthiwa ngabam yaye lamela ezinamaphiko nenqaba. Fuse, ngokuqhelekileyo, umfowunelwa okuyinxenye yayo ephambili. Uyilo lidla ngokuquka ngodaka kumphati ipleyiti koseko; bipod, isixhobo isikhokelo abalibona. Kwakhona, ngengqiqo ezaziwa ekulayisheni kwenziwa ngqo phambi shot. Mina wakhonza ukusuka kuwugcina ngokuwubopha cap umphanda elahliweyo kwi Ezomva projectile wokhela yokuqhumisa, nto leyo ukusebenza ezweni kwentlawulo.

Nangona kunjalo, le mortars kwi-USSR kunye nabalindi ebizwa Katyushas. "ETulip 2S4" Le nkqubo kwakhona, nangona bendalo howitzer ngokucacileyo, izinto zalo iklasi izixhobo, nangona oko kudla ibizwa ngokuba zokudubula self-ngokwaso.

ESoviet Union ukuba kwamkelwa nodaka "cornflower" ngo-1970. Iifoto ngezikrweqe umlilo eqela labasebenzi utshaba kungenzeka ukunxulumana umpu. Nangona kunjalo, uhlobo kunye nolwakhiwo yeqokobhe kubonisa ngokucacileyo ukuba yeyam. Nezikhali Akukho enemikhono, nguye opera. Ngoko ke yintoni na le ngokuncedisana lwemipu kunye mortars? Noko ngenxa? Ziziphi iingenelo zayo?

Mortars nemipu

Izizathu zokuba mortars zande, bambalwa, yaye ibalulekile bonke. Olu hlobo izixhobo luphawulwa kalula, elula, ebonakalaliswe manufacturability, nokugcina, amandla aphezulu umxhelo kwaye ukukwazi ukuhlawula injongo avela ngasentla, evela ezulwini, oko kukuthi, ukususela ulwalathiso ukhuseleko ubuncinane. Kuba zokudubula indlela kwakuxhomekeke usebenzisa howitzer okanye udaka. Cannon kule inobunzima ngakumbi, iindleko ezinobunzima mali zokhuselo ngesixa esikhulu. Gun, Kakade ke, kufuneka zalo eziluncedo, kukuphucula uluhlu olude, ukuvuleka kunye nokuchaneka, kodwa phantsi kweemeko ezithile nazo mu lupwa rhoqo, ezi iingenelo ukuba neyalo. Umgca phakathi kwendlela ezimbini eliqhelekileyo ukutshatyalaliswa bodidi kususa phantse ngokupheleleyo nodaka "Cornflower", ifoto apho thsuphe kwi "ulwalamano 'bakhe ngemipu. Kuxhomekeka imeko wompu, iba ngathi udaka, howitzer kunye gun njengesiqhelo, wadubula amadlelo. Ukuba kule sidibanisa iimpawu umdla kobe eliphezulu lomlilo, isixhobo esisodwa ibonakale.

Imbali i "Cornflower"

Ingcamango ekudaleni okukhawulezileyo-udaka yavela kule post-imfazwe eSoviet Union. Ngowe-1946, i-umyili VK Filippov wacebisa ukusebenzisa amandla ukubuyisela ukuba uyitshaje umpu, apho ityala breech. Ngokwayo, le sisombululo ayikho ntsha, ngaphandle ingongoma ebalulekileyo ukuba esisetyenziswe ngokunxulumene udaka, kunokuba okukhawulezayo-umpu. Filippova ukusebenza uphumelele, ngo-1955 imveliso QAM yenziwa yiSoviet Army. It yenzelwe ukusetyenziswa kwiimeko zokubhala (casemates kunye iinqaba ixesha elide) kwaye waye okukhawulezayo-umlilo udaka oluzenzekelayo. Kwiminyaka emine emva koko, ukulungele kwaye yavavanyelwa uguqulelo nentsimi Kama wafumana igama F-82. Ngenxa yezizathu ayicacanga, le ndlela namhlanje ngokubaleka kwimveliso wayengekho. Ngowe-1967, emva kokuba ezinye uguqulelo kancinane, elo yamkelwe ikhomishini karhulumente. Ngokutsho isithethe esekwe kwi zokudubula, wafumana intyatyambo ubuncwane ebizwa ngokuba "Cornflower". 82 mm ngodaka oluzenzekelayo naninokudubula kunye ingumlinganiselo RDS 100. / Min. ezinereyithi lomlilo 170 rounds. Umahluko kula manani mabini kubangelwe ixesha lokuba uyitshaje i cassette.

Ukulungisa i "M"

iminyaka emininzi yenkonzo semkhosini wavumela ukuba iinjineli ukuba bazobe kwisigqibo sokuba amanzi okupholisa le bhafu nga zipheliswe. Iyafihlwa elisikhusela nobushushu ngokulinganisela ukudutyulwa eliphezulu, ezisusiweyo, ukwanda udonga ububanzi kwindawo esembindini, ngokubonelela imbambo ocinga ukuba ukuphucula iimeko transfer ubushushu nokuphumeza indima zezulu okupholisa radiator. Kuzo zonke ezinye iinkalo ukuba i "Cornflower 'efanayo. Ibumba kwathiwa 2B9M (modified), kubonakala kulula ukwahlula ukusuka kuguqulelo sangaphambili umphanda exabe. Njengoko practice ngakumbi esi sisombululo bugwetyelwe, ingakumbi ukuba iimeko entlango, apho imikhosi nazo ukunqongophala kwamanzi.

Yini "Cornflower"

Udaka kule version zakudala uphethwe isiphako kuyilo kakhulu. amandla bahlehla ebangela ukubana le nkqubo iyonke ngenxa deformation emhlabeni kunye neziphumo mechanical esiqwini. Emva shot nganye, ukubala uye ukunyenyisa parameters kunye ukuhlangabezana injongo kwakhona. Ibumba isixhobo "Cornflower" ivumela amandla bahlehla luncedo ukuba unikeze iqokobhe omtsha umphanda. absorbers mothuko ngamanzi libekwa buti bakhonza ukufunxa kwemfuneko yayo. Ngenxa yoko, ukuchaneka iziphumo isekhona phezulu ngomlilo kulawulo efolisiweyo. Le dyokhwe imigodi ezine.

Ukukwazi

Enye yezinto ezilungileyo "Cornflower" yi yokusebenza kwalo. Kuwo ungenza batole ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo.

2B9 ingasetyenziswa njengento udaka esiqhelekileyo, kukowuphi umzekelo apho kwenziwa kulayishwa evela isicheme. Noko ke, umpu iphambili umahluko kukuba layo ukudubula umpu ubuncinane eqhelekileyo kwaye okubi (ukuya kwi-1 °) engile indawo. Kuba adubula imo "udaka", iintlobo ezintathu iintlawulo, kunye zokudubula iimbumbulu indlela standardised ingasetyenziswa. Kukho iindlela ezimbini: automatic nabangatshatanga.

ezakhiwe ngayo

shot 3V01 ukuqhekeka iimbumbulu na rhoqo, nto leyo yenzelwe-mm 120 nodaka "Cornflower". ebudeni balo isenzo, kodwa Ukongeza apha, kuquka ezinye iindidi zeentlawulo, kubandakanywa lonyuselo eyenzelwe ukutshabalalisa izithuthi vehicles.

Isakhiwo iquka ngaphandle kwimigodi Shestiperov O-832DU, intlawulo propellant engundoqo F-832DU kwentlawulo. Xa Velocity sokuqala 272 m / s inika uluhlu izitshanguba ukusuka 800 ukuya 4270 m. Mass propellant iimbumbulu ngu-3100 grams, amaqhekeza luyasekwa lekhefu ukuya ezintandathu, iyileyo enobunzima ngaphezu kokuba gram. Kwirediyasi ngokuqhubekayo ukoyiswa - 18 eemitha.

Ngaphandle kokuba intlawulo propellant iphambili ekujongwe ukuba bamnike i lokuqala Velocity am eziqulathwe nesabelo salo umsila, yaye ngakumbi isicelo. Isigqibo ukwamkela ukusetyenziswa kwazo yokubala ngqwayi, ukuqinisekisa injongo yazo kukuba emlilweni nodaka "Cornflower". Adubula uluhlu kuxhomekeke ukhetho propellant olongezelelweyo. Bathe elide ilaphu cheholchiki equlethe edubulayo egubungele annularly nomsila nxenye projectile phambi somfanekiso unxitywe yi buttonhole eziqhelekileyo lokuvala. ubukhulu kwabo kuxhomekeka kwinani --1 ukuya ku-3.

ukuhambahamba Aids

82mm ngodaka "Cornflower" inobunzima 622 kg, ngoko ukuthutha umatshini ezizodwa ezisetyenziswayo. Ngenxa yoko, eziqhele ukusetyenziswa naphaya 2F54 ndingaz-66, echongiweyo. Le umpu kwi hambo emzimbeni, kwiimeko ezizodwa (utshintsho olungxamisekileyo isikhundla okanye ezinye iimeko ngesiquphe-nokuqala) ekuvumelekileyo ethwele. Calculation iqulathe (umphathi, gunner, umlayishi kunye umqhubi nabamasango) ezine.

Uyilo eziphumeleleyo ngokuphindaphindiweyo bakhuthazwa iinjineli kumazwe ahlukeneyo izame ukwenza udaka self-esingazihambeliyo ezenzekelayo. "Cornflower" ezifakwe isisu semoto umkhondo MT-LB eSoviet Union kunye iHungary, njengoko abathile neengcibi kwi kuMbindi Mpuma , yaye namhlanje ukuba zixhonywe enamandla American engibaziyo yomkhosi "Hammer".

Indlela ukudubula "Cornflower"

Rhoqo kangangoko lula kangangoko kunokwenzeka buyo, uyafana nje umpu eziqhelekileyo, kwisiyilo yayiquka yetreyi uzimele. Iinguqulelo kwi imeko zokulwa kukhokelela ekubeni amavili wawuphakamisa emhlabeni kwaye isebenze inkxaso kuma jack kunye openers umtshato. ngodaka oluzenzekelayo "Cornflower" uyakwazi kuvuswa okanye kwehliswe, kuxhomekeke kwiimeko yecala. Ubude ubuninzi indawo Umphanda kwi indawo olusezantsi 78 °, 85 ° kwindawo eliphezulu. Xa Ukudubula kwakuxhomekeke kunye ethambekeni mkhulu kuno-40 °, ukuze siphephe iindlela umonakalo evela iimpembelelo emhlabeni, phantsi pad lempundu kufuneka ukumba lekhefu. angles olo zisetyenziselwa sasijonge Umphanda kwi ekujoliswe vehicles. Kwesi sikhundla, udaka-82 mm "Cornflower" lisetyenziswa umpu anti-itanki ezolileyo kunye noluhlu encinane, kodwa enamandla kakhulu.

emehlweni sinye esilungiselelwe umlilo ngqo, nto kulo mzekelo ukutshintsha ngokukhanya wesiqhelo (PAM-1). Njengenxalenye isixhobo isikhokelo kwakhona isixhobo izibane "Ray-PM2M", eyenzelwe zokudubula ebusuku.

isicelo yokulwa

Yokuqala enkulu ukulwa test emfazweni Afghanistan baba 2B9. Iimpawu ze imisebenzi eyenziweyo kwiindawo entabeni, ukuba kuyikhulula amandla phambi kwethu izixhobo ngokupheleleyo. Ukukwazi kwakhe kunye nokukwazi ukubetha iithagethi ezifihlakeleyo, kudityaniswe ukuhamba, ziye wathola intlonipho, eyasetyenziswa kwi "Cornflower" amajoni. Nodaka wayedla kuyalungiswa abathuthi olova vehicles MT-LB, elikuvumela ukuba ushiye ngokukhawuleza indawo emva kokuba isibini amagophe, ngaphandle kokulinda ukuba umlilo ukubuya. Emva koko kwafunyaniswa ukungachani zoyilo. Ngokukodwa, iteyiphu lam uhlale endaweni rhoqo, kwaye dosylka kufuneka ngesibetho isityhwentywe semali ngehamile, leyo ngamaxesha onke umlayishi ngesandla.

Ngokubanzi, i ngodaka oluzenzekelayo yaba yinto elungileyo. Basebenzisa oko kwiimfazwe ezininzi lwezigalo ezithe zavela kummandla elalisakuba yiSoviet Union, ingakumbi kwiimfazwe ezimbini Chechen.

iimpawu

Ngelo xesha langoku asiyonto imfihlelo ulwazi malunga nendlela nodaka "Cornflower". Iimpawu kuyalahleka Ukuhlelwa yokhuseleko bakhe ngenxa ukusasazeka ngokubanzi izixhobo ehlabathini lonke.

Iindlela lula kangangoko kunokwenzeka nesikhokelo wakha phezu kwiindibano iqhosha lemenyu. ujikelezo Manual of iikhola kwenziwa ukhokelo tyaba ngaphakathi ° 60 ukusuka nkqo yaye -1 ° ukuya ku-85 ° (xa kuvuswa ngokupheleleyo jack). Ubuninzi radius ukulwa sisilonda esidumbileyoesingaphakathi yi km 4.7. Buti imigodi ukujikeleza egudileyo zibonelela iintlanti ezintandathu icandelo nomsila ungumzalwana imibono ukuya esqwini longitudinal. Le cassette ilungiselelwe namacala. nezikhali Abasebenzi iquka imiz 226. ubunzima Zizonke imoto zixhotyiswe na ngaphezu kweetoni ezintandathu. Ukuhambisa ayihambise umendo ngesantya-60 km / h phezu ezimbi - 20 km / h. Xa ukudubula ukuma nkqubo iqhelekile imizuzu elishumi elinesihlanu.

"Cornflowers" Foreign

design gun ilula, original netheknoloji. Ehlabathini akukho analogue, nangona lezi iisampula ngoku kwi-Peoples Republic. Emva kokuwa yiSoviet Union, China uye wafumana mvume lokuvelisa of "Umpu-type 99" - ngoko e China ebizwa ngokuba "Cornflower". Ngodaka wakhululwa yale mithi, kwaye ngoku ozibonileyo nozivileyo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zehlabathi igutyungelwe ezimfazweni ilangatye.

Ulwazi malunga nokuba i "Cornflowers" luqulathe kwi Russian Army, okwangoku ayifumaneki. Kungenzeka, baye indawo imifuziselo ugqibeleleyo.