Evuthayo Aircraft "umoya-to-moya": iimpawu eziphambili

Kuba ukulwa ekujoliswe umoya eyenzelwe iinkqubo enomjukujelwa kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo. A iintlobo ezininzi kwezixhobo ngokuyintloko zihlelwe ngokungqinelana launch kunye nendawo ekujoliswe kulo. Umzekelo: "Umphezulu ku Air" - imijukujelwa umhlaba-based (igama lokuqala) ngenxa yokwaphuka izinto kwisithuba emoyeni (ilizwi okwesibini). Olu hlobo emthethweni ngoyena elikholisa ukubizwa ngokuba anti-moya, okt batole bade - up. Isantya irula kakhulu "umgangatho-to-moya", ngaphezu kwezihlandlo ezine isantya isandi, akakwazi kakuhle ukulwa nje kuphela moya ballistic imijukujelwa, kodwa wabetha imijukujelwa iza moya.

moya izixhobo

Ngezikhali mihla yokulwa moya yendibanisela lweenkqubo abaxhakaxhaka eziliqela, nto leyo ngokuqhelekileyo iquka inkqubo yolawulo yaye ngoko nangoko abasarhoxisiweyo kunye olungisiweyo iingalo. Imijukujelwa zenzelwe ukuba izakusebenza amaqonga umoya ezihambayo kutshabalalisa umoya moya, ngokungqinelana nenkqubo yasekhaya nyonke ngexabiso 'umoya-to-moya "(B-B). Kwi-West, kuba Iimboniselo kule klasi ezivunyiweyo ukusetyenziswa AAM basisishunqulelo edibeneyo air-to-moya ngezikhali. imizekelo ngempumelelo ezi zixhobo zaye kuqala zaziswa kwi yee-novalo zenkulungwane lokugqibela. Iimboniselo yokuqala yokufundisa lwasekhaya ziye zakhutshelwa ukusuka 'umoya-moya "rocket yaseMelika. IRussia kungoku endle yokulwa yentsimbi iqatshelwa ngokuba yinkokeli ekuzibonakaliseni. Ezinye iinkqubo ezikhethekileyo phakathi kweenkqubo kuphuhliswa amazwe.

ukuhlaselwa ibanga

Ngokutsho umgama apho injongosenzi wamginya e evuthayo emoyeni 'umoya-to-moya "zahlulwe kwiiklasi eziliqela. Aircraft ezakhiwe yenzelwe ukusetyenziswa kwiindidi ezintathu imigama yokulwa;

• Kuba ukutshatyalaliswa moya imijukujelwa ezimfutshane-uluhlu esetyenziswa umgca emehlweni. Ezi Iimboniselo baxhotyiswa izixhobo homing infrared. Owamkelwe NATO nolwabiwo - SRAAM.
• Ngokwemigama imijukujelwa eliphakathi uluhlu ezisetyenziselwa 100km (MRAAM) kunye nenkqubo radar homing.
• Ordnance ezisetyenziswa imigama ukuya ku-200 km lomqolo elide (LRAAM), kufuneka isixokelelwano isikhokelo esimbaxa kusetyenziswa imigaqo ezahlukeneyo ezisendleleni kunye nesabelo ukuhlasela lokugqibela.

Ngaloo zokuhlela ngokusekelwe kuluhlu elide, ababhekisi phambili bakholelwa ukuba imigama anikiweyo ngexabiso kuya ngqo apho kujoliswe liqinisekisiwe. Xa ulwimi iingcali ibizwa ngokuba ukudubula distance olusebenzayo.

inkqubo isikhokelo target

Intloko rocket zibekwe lezixhobo evumela ngokwawo, kukho ingakhathalelwanga, ekuba projectile kwi thagethi hit. isixhobo esizilawulayo kwisiqalo yommandla amasimi emzimbeni uyakwazi ukuchaza injongo, imida sesindululo yayo, intshukumo umjukujelwa ngokwawo kwaye enze iqela le kwinkqubo yolawulo, ukuba kuyimfuneko, lo kushenxa. Homing inkqubo 'umoya-to-moya "enomjukujelwa usebenzisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo injongo radiation: enombala, yiacoustic, infrared, unomathotholo. Kwindawo indawo yomthombo radiation, iinkqubo isikhokelo zezi:

• Zava - ukusetyenziswa injongo yemisebe signal.
• Kuba iimfuno intloko semi-esebenzayo ziboniswe kwi injongo uphawu ekhutshwa yi-yenethiwekhi moya.
• Active ngokwabo zikhanya injongo zidlulisele baxhotyiswa amaza yexesha elizeleyo.

Submunitions kunye detonators

Emoyeni, ingakumbi kwiindawo ezise eziphakamileyo, isenzo esibi umonakalo angasebenzi. evuthayo Aircraft "umoya-moya" yambethe inyathelo eliphezulu-umonakalo warhead. Ngenxa ngesantya ophezulu intshukumo njengoko kujoliswe kuko, kwaye enomjukujelwa ngokwawo warhead isicelo iimfuno engqongqo ukuze kwakhiwe kwisigaba ebulalayo. Isiphumo oyifunayo aokusetyenziswa ngokusebenzisa inkqubo ukuya ngamaqhekeza kwangaphambili ityumza okanye submunitions ukulungele (iibhola, iintonga). Kwiimveliso ezininzi ezisetyenziswayo ngobuwena, ukwakha amaqhekeza pitch iphiramidi ebonisa zezindlu warhead, ibhatyi kobuntu. Phezu ukwanda, iziqalelo ebetha benza cone kunye enkcochoyini thumbanails ulwalathiso intshukumo, umana irula.

ngokwahlukana acwangciswayo ukubetha amaqhekeza siyifumana ibala okanye laser yokuqaqadeka imisinga aphezulu rhoqo, nokusebenzisa basike okanye "imaski" ye egalelwe. submunitions ukuqhekeka ifakwe enomjukujelwa ezase melee. Xa iinkqubo enomjukujelwa uluhlu medium warhead kusetyenziswa ukusekwa kweentonga. Submunitions amalungiselelo obliquely ngeenxa zonke izinto ziyaphawulwa kwaye ofunwa kunye khosi iziphelo eliphezulu nengasezantsi. Xa eveza iintonga benza isangqa evaliweyo amandla enkulu yingozi. Uphuhliso ezithembisayo sithethayo ukuyilwa ulawulo kolwalathiso izenzo eqhekekileyo wentsimi.

warhead Ukubukela wenziwe i elilelona fuze kumgama radar baxhotyiswa eriyali omnye okanye emibini. izikhali Modern iklasi 'umoya-to-moya "zixhotyiswe zifakelwa laser, gqolo iliso umgama ukuya target. Ngawo onke enomjukujelwa uye yokuqhumisa inertial xa kuthe hit ngqo kwi target.

On izithuba air unogada

Kuba ilizwe lethu, kunye imigama zayo neziseko ngokwaneleyo emhlabeni phezu imiyalelo neMpuma Koloni kunye noMntla, inxalenye ephambili yokhuselo na evuthayo "umoya-to-moya." Russia, akuba eyenziwe kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ukukhula kobuchule ezikhawulezayo, uye lonke uluhlu emthethweni ophezulu yokusebenza. izikhali Russian enzelwe nje kuphela ukuze kuxhotyiswe moya ekhoyo, kodwa ngokombono kweenkqubo moya alawulwayo yaqonda, bafakwa inkonzo kulindeleke kwixa elizayo. moya Russian Modern exhotyiswe ezinye iindidi imijukujelwa. Phezu kwabo kuya kuxutyushwa ngakumbi.

enomjukujelwa okhokelwa P-73 uluhlu olufutshane

Le mveliso ithatyathelwe inkonzo ngo-1983, NATO uhlelo AA-11 "Archer". Ngelithi ukutshabalalisa ngenkuthalo entlokothisa iinjongo alawulwayo yaqonda ngesantya esiphezulu ukuya ku-2500 km / h ngexesha lasemini nasebusuku kuzo zonke iimeko zemozulu ngaphambili kunye zifaka angasemva. Ngecala lokudubula ekusukeleni iinjongo ngokusebenzisa ukubuya-isiqalo. Injini ne vectoring nityhala bume kunye nezinye ukwazi ukuba lidlule zonke analogue ezikhoyo elizweni ngokwemigaqo uphume. Ingasetyenziselwa nxamnye iibhaluni zomoya okutyekisayo, ntaka kunye imijukujelwa iza. I irula iyinxalenye iseti rhoqo kwezikhali lwe MIG-29 kunye Su-27, iinguqulelo ezintsha, kwakunye ekuhlaseleni yamacebo okulwa, Su-34 kunye Su-25. Iveliswe kwiinguqulelo ezimbini iinguqulelo RMD RMD-1 no-2. Ingasetyenziswa ukujongana imijukujelwa iza. Rocket kwamanye amazwe. Nezikhali neneempawu zilandelayo:

• Weight - 110 kg.
• Ubude - 2.9 m.
• Weight intonga warhead 8 kg.
• yokuqalisa lomqolo - 40 km (RMD 2).

Watyhutyha zenzeke impi enomjukujelwa RVV-MD

nezikhali entsha-umba yonke homing infrared. Isicelo aerogazodinamicheskoy inkqubo eqondisa ivumela ukutshabalalisa ekujoliswe kuyo naliphi icala. Kucingelwa ukuba le ndlela iza nixhobe zonke iintlobo moya umlweli moya kunye ntaka. "Air-umgangatho" X-38 ifom isiseko alwayo ngamandla yesihlanu isizukulwana karma RVV-MD kunye irula.

• Ukuqalisa ubunzima angekho ngaphezu kwama-106 kg.
• ubude enomjukujelwa - 2,92 m.
• ubunzima Warhead ngentonga element echaphazela - 8 kg.
• Umgama ukuzibandakanya iithagethi ukuya km 40.

Aircraft evuthayo "umoya-to-moya" P-27

Bakhokelwa Iimboniselo izikhali wadala ukuba abantu abalwa yesine-ngezizukulwana. Ngokutsho NATO yokuhlela AA-10 "Alamo". nenqaba ngqo yenzelwe ukutshabalalisa moya utshaba usondela lupwa eqondisa kunye nemigama eliphakathi kwi ngesantya esiphezulu of kwethagethi ku-3500 km / h. Sihlanganisa a ingqiqo entsha yolawulo aqinileyo-propellant motor. Kwezinye iinguqulelo ze accelerators zisetyenziswa. Velocity le ngexabiso 'umoya-to-moya "amaxesha P-27 ngo-ezine ezinesiqingatha Isantya yesandi. Iimpawu kuxhomekeke iinguqulelo zilandelayo:

• iisampulu mass ezahlukeneyo uyahluka 250 no-350 kg.
• Ubude ubuninzi 3.7 ukuya 4.9 m.
• Warhead weight intonga-hlobo - 39 kg.
• Uluhlu neyentshabalalo izinto km-50 ukuya 110.

Aircraft enomjukujelwa F-77 eliphakathi uluhlu

Yenzelwe ukuba yesihlanu-isizukulwana karma MIG - 1.42, kwaye isetyenziswe kolu thotho. Western AA-12 Igama "lweliso lerhamba". Faka kwi inkonzo ngo-1994. Mayixhotyiswe injini enamandla kwaye radar eziphambili kunye neenkqubo isikhokelo infrared. Iyilelwe ukuba bazibandakanye ezihambayo ezimile zonke iintlobo moya, kuquka imijukujelwa iza luphaphazela ezineteriyeni kulandelayo, kwisiqalo komhlaba kunye umphezulu elwandle zonke zibe eziphakamileyo. ukuguqulwa kwirediyasi amanyathelo kunye kwizomelezi okuqinileyo ukuya ku 160 km.

• Weight - 700 kg.
• Ubude - 3.5 m.
• Weight intonga warhead kunye iziqalelo multikumulyativnymi - 22 kg.
• Uluhlu ubuninzi ukutshatyalaliswa bezinto - 100 km.

Ngenxa yale nenguqulo nenqaba wadala "lubuye-to-moya." enomjukujelwa esekelwe emhlabeni features injini ubudeki enkulu.

Homing enomjukujelwa RVV-SD medium uluhlu

Umzekelo entsha izixhobo moya yasekhaya eyenzelwe kutshatyalaliswe zonke iintlobo, kuquka iintolo iza undizela ukuya ku-25 km radar enzima utshaba zokumelana. Isicelo ulwalathiso esebenzayo entsonkothileyo inertial usebenzisa ulungiso kunomathotholo. isixhobo Detonation isebenzisa woluvo laser proximity.

• Ukuqala ubunzima kwi 190 kg.
• Ubude - 3.7 m.
• uhlobo Warhead - intonga multikumulyativnaya, ubunzima - 22.5 kg.
• Umgama uqale 110 km.

RVV-AE eliphakathi uluhlu

Olu luguqulelo oluphambi enomjukujelwa yenzelwe ukuxhobisa-moya umlweli yesine ++ isizukulwana kwaye yenzelwe ukujongana zonke iintlobo ezikhoyo-moya, kuquka ukucima iza. Zimbumbulu ingasetyenziswa naliphi na ixesha lemini phezu kwendawo ulwandle nomhlaba kummandla wonxweme. Developers ukuhlalisa iintlobo moya amazwe. Njengoko kusetyenziswa laser licwecwe yokuqhumisa fuze. Wajika isicelo fin electric grid - isixhobo zobugcisa ekhethekileyo indawo ehlabathini ekugunyazisayo na.

• Ubunzima sungula eliphezulu - 180 kg.
• Ubude obukhulu - 3.6 m.
• Warhead intonga multikumulyativnaya, ubunzima - 22.5 kg.
• Ukudubula umgama km 80.

enomjukujelwa okhokelwa P-33 emva kwexesha elide

Bangamajoni interceptor yenzelwe ukulungiselela izixhobo zokhuselo ndawo ngeziseko ezisentlabathini abahluphekayo. Kwiincwadana NATO kubizwa ngokuba AA-9 "Amos". Ngokubambisana MIG-31-33 ezifakwa inkonzo kwi 80s kwangethuba yaye enye yezinto ezifunekayo inkqubo multi-iimbalelwano "Barrier". Le nkqubo ivumela ukusetyenziswa ngaxeshanye zonke unit izixhobo ukusuka moya-4. Kulo mzekelo, izixhobo moya radar imijukujelwa homing semi-esebenzayo ngexesha elifanayo ukunika ithuba lokuba ukubetha izinto ezine imijukujelwa ezine. R-33 yenzelwe ukutshabalalisa moya babheke imijukujelwa ephantsi-ephaphazela kuzo zonke iimeko zemozulu, kwisiqalo komhlaba kuzo zonke zibe yokuphakama kunye ngezantya kwaye idatha yokusebenza ilandelayo:

• Weight - 490 kg.
• Ubude - 4.15 m.
• Mass HE ukuqhekeka warhead 47 kg.
• Qala Range - 120 km, kunye neenjongo uphawuliso olongezelelweyo - ukuya 300 km.

"Le ingalo elide" P-37

Ngomhla isiseko R-33 kuba iingalo ngenelela zakhiwo entsha esekelwe mig-31BM yenzelwe ngexabiso elide-uluhlu R-37. Kwezinye imithombo ebizwa WAKHE-DB and K-37. NATO Ukuhlelwa AA-13 "Arrow". Iimvavanyo Iisampuli yokugqibela kugqitywa ngo-2012. Xa kusetyenziswa ukwenza le-mbini imo injini amafutha entsha eqinileyo kunye nolawulo entsha izixhobo kunye nengcebiso. Ngexesha iimvavanyo, ingxelo ngqo apho ithagethi kumgama km 307.

• ubunzima Launch iinguqulelo ezahlukeneyo ukususela kg 510 ukuya 600.
• ubude enomjukujelwa - 4.2 m.
• Warhead - high-umonakalo, ubunzima - 60 kg.
• Ibanga "moya-to-moya" enomjukujelwa R-73 - 300 km, kule komsebenzi kwamanye amazwe - 200 km.

Ukuphakama alisilingene;

Ukwamkelwa ukuba umkhosi Russian yeemveliso ophezulu zobugcisa kwiminyaka yakutshanje, kakhulu ngaphambi yavuma. evuthayo ekhokelwa Developed 'umoya-to-moya "ziza kuxhotyiswa ezinamandla ngakumbi iinkqubo kwi-kwibhodi wecomputing kunye iziqhubekisi uphawu-high speed. Isizukulwana esitsha imijukujelwa ziya kukwazi ukulandelela kuphela Target i radar olomeleleyo counter infrared, kodwa into tracking umoya efihliweyo bahlaselwa.