IRashiya engabonakaliyo: IsiXeko sesithathu seRhulumente

I-Russia yilizwe elimangalisayo kwaye elimangalisayo: apha kukho ezimbini i-Kremlin, ngoko ke abantu abaninzi abadumileyo behlabathi, kwaye kuphela kule ndawo kukho iinqununu ezintathu. Kuya kubonakala, njani oku kungaba: onke amandla anedolophu eyodwa kuphela, eyakhiwe kangangamakhulu eminyaka? Kwaye kukho iitrato ezingamakhulu amathathu. UMoscow uyiNtloko yeRashiya, eyaziwa yihlabathi lonke. Ewe, ziphi ezinye iidolophu ezimbini ezinalo igama elizukileyo? Siza kuthetha ngale nto kwinqaku lethu.

Ngokufutshane ngoMoscow

UMoscow (inkulu-dolophu yaseRashiya) idlulile umgama omdala wendalo kunye nokwakhiwa kwawo. Kunzima ukuchaza lonke isigaba, kodwa ixesha elibalulekileyo lifanelekile ukukhankanya.

Ngokuqala uMoscow ukhankanywe kwimibandela ephathelele ekupheleni kwekhulu le-12. Kwakukuphela kwangoko xa iinkosana zihlasele iimfazwe eziqhubekayo phezu kwamandla ngaphezu kweKiev. Ngo-1147 (entwasahlobo) U-Yuri Dolgoruky - iNkosana yaseSuzdal - wayala umkhosi wakhe ukuba uye e-Novgorod. Eli phulo linxulumene ngqo nenkumbulo yokuqala yaseMoscow kwimbali. Kwisixeko esitsha esincinci, umthetheli wabiza ukuba eze kwelinye lamakhelwane-ezandleni, oko kukuthi iSvyatoslav. Iindaba zokuba intlanganiso yeenkosana eMoscow ngaphambi kokuqala kwemfazwe enkulu ye-internecine, esongela ukuba yiyo yokuphela kwephulo, yajika le dolophu ibe yidolophana eyaziwayo kulo lonke elaseRussia. Le yimvelaphi yaseRashiya, inkunzi enkulu yesithathu iya kubonakala ngexesha elide elide.

UDolgoruky akazange acwangcise ukujika iMoscow ibe yinkunzi. Kodwa isithuba sakhe sasichaza indima enjalo kwi-settlement, kuba kwakungumlenze owawuphakathi kwamanqwanqwa amaninzi, kwaye kwakukho apha ukuba amanzi kunye neendlela zidibana. Ngenxa yoko, i-willy-nilly, kodwa iMoscow yayisakuba yipropati.

IMyuziyam kwiiqithi

Xa kuziwa kwiSt. Petersburg, wonke umntu utsho ngokukhawuleza ukuba le ngxenyana esenyakatho yeRussian Federation. Isixeko siseziqithi ezingama-47 ze-Neva delta kwaye yona yeyona minyuziyamu evulekile. I-Petersburg ithathwa njengenye yezona zixeko ezintle kakhulu eYurophu. Kwimbali yobukho bakhe kwafuneka akhuthazelele iminyaka emithathu yokukhutshwa, abalawuli bama-11, ukuguqulwa kwezoqoqosho kunye ezininzi zezikhukhula. Kwaye konke oku kwiminyaka emakhulu mathathu.

Ngomnyaka we-1703 i-cobblestone yokuqala yabekwe kwisiseko seLeningrad. Kwakulo xesha ngeli xesha uPetros owokuqala wanquma ukwakha isixeko esitsha senkunzi. Kwakudingeka ukuba ivulekele kwiindlela zaseYurophu kunye nemimoya yolwandle. Intlaba esenyakatho yakhula ngokukhawuleza, phakathi kwemifula kunye namanxuwa, kwaye phantse yavuselelwa ngokutsha ngabakhi bezakhiwo. Ukubukeka kweSt. Petersburg ngesiRashiya kuye kwinto engaqhelekanga njengomkhuba wokufunda amaphephandaba okanye ukucheba iindevu. Ngexesha lokwakha kwesi sixeko, akukho abasebenzi abaliwaka abafa, ngoko kuthiwa kuthiwa yakhiwa emathanjeni.

Yiba yiNkunzi

ISt. Petersburg (inkulu-ntla yaseRashiya) yajika yaba yidolophu ebalulekileyo yombuso onamandla ngexesha lokulawula kukaPetros Omkhulu. Kodwa xa kwenzeka oko kanye, awaziwa ngokuqinisekileyo. Kulo thuba, kwaye kwakhishwa umyalelo okhethekileyo. Yonke into yenzeke ngandlela-thile. Ngo-1708, uPetros I waseMoscow waya kuPetros washukumisa intsapho yonke yaseRomanovs. Ngokukhawuleza ukuba ukumkani wakhiwe indlu yokuqala yaseBusika kwibhanki lasekhohlo laseNeva.

Xa kwacaca ukuba ukumkani wayefuna ukuguqulela isixeko esitsha kwindawo yakhe yokuhlala, abameli belizwe laseMoscow baqala ukuhamba apha. Kancinci kwakukho ukuhamba kwawo onke amaziko karhulumente kunye nabasebenzi babo. Ngomnyaka we-1712, iSeti kaRhulumente, igunya eliphezulu lamandla karhulumente, lafudukela ekuhlaleni kwi-Neva. Lo nyaka uphinde uthathwa njengomhla apho iSt. Petersburg yaba yintloko yelizwe.

Nizhny Novgorod okanye iKazzan

I-Russia (i-capital capital yesithathu - iKazan) ithole isixeko esitsha senkunzi kungekudala kakhulu nje: kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo. Ukuba unelungelo lokugqoka isihloko sesithintelo sesithathu, iidolophu ezimbini - iKazzan noNizhny Novgorod - balwa. Ukuqwalaselwa kwezicelo ezinjalo kwanyatheliswa yiReospatent. Kwakhona wagqiba ekubeni i- capital of Tatarstan iya kuba yikhulu esilandelayo kwisixeko sonke.

Ngokukhawuleza uKhazan wabhalisa iimpawu zokuthengisa ezifanelekileyo kwiRospatent. Ayikho imfihlo ukuba isiqubulo esithi "iKazan iyinkunzi yesithathu yeRashiya" isetyenziswe ngumzi ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo ka-2007. Oku kwabangela ingxabano phakathi kweNizhny Novgorod neTatarstan. Kodwa isisombululo siphumelele. Kwaye ngoku iRussia Federation inomnye umzi-dolophu - eKazzan.

Kazan

I-Russia, inkunzi yesithathu apho uKazan, inokuziqhayisa ngayo ukuba ekugqibeleni kwayo kukho isixeko esinomkhulu. Imbali kaKazan ineminyaka eyiwaka. Ixesha elidlulileyo lokuhlaliswa lixhomekeke ngokusondeleyo kwimpucuko yasendulo ye-Volga Bulgars kunye neendlalifa zabo ezizodwa ze-Kazan Tatars.

Kwimizuzu engaphezu kweyesithathu i-Kazan yayikhonza njengenqanawa yombuso waseBulgaria. Ngenkulungwane ye-13 yajika yaba yindawo ebalulekileyo yokulawula enye yeendawo zokuhlala zeGood Horde. Kwiminyaka eyikhulu kamva umzi waba likhulu leKazan Khanate. Kwaye ngo-1552 wayenamathela kwiRashiya. Ngowe-1920 uKazan waba yintloko-ntloko yaseTatarstan.

Izihloko ezintathu

I-Russia (intloko yesithathu ibhalwe apha ngasentla) lizwe elihle kakhulu. Kwaye kungakhathaliseki ukuba yiyiphi iinqununu zayo oya kutyelela, uya kubona ukuba ngamnye wabo uhlukile kwaye ngendlela yakhe iyamangalisa. Kuzo zonke izixeko kukho izinto ezininzi zembali, izinto ezinomdla kunye nabantu, behlala bekulungele ukuxelela malunga nezona zihlandlo ezivelele ebomini. Kwaye, i-Muscovites iya kukukhokelela ukuba yiMoscow kufuneka ibe yintloko, eSt. Petersburg iya kuzisa ubungqina bamawaka eqinisweni ukuba le yowona mzi, kwaye iKazzan iya kubonisa i-Kremlin yendawo, eya kubangela ukuba kungabikho ukungaqiniseki ukuba kutheni le ndawo Ayikwazi ukuba yidolophu eyintloko yeShicilelo.