Imfazwe yeScarlet kunye ne-White Rose: isishwankathelo esifutshane kunye nokulandelana kweziganeko

Ekupheleni kwekhulu le-XVII, itrone yeNgesi yathathwa nguHenry Tudor weentsapho zaseLancaster - umsunguli wobukumkani obusha, owahlala enamandla iminyaka eyikhulu. Oku kwadlulelwa yintlukwano yegazi yamandla phakathi kwenzalo yamasebe amabini endlu yobukumkani i-Plantagenet - iLancaster neYork, eyayiwela kwimbali njengeWars of the Roses, inkcazo emfutshane yembali yeyona nto ichazwe kweli nqaku.

Iimpawu zamaqela alwa

Kukho imbono ephosakeleyo yokuba igama leemfazwe libangelwa iirasi ezichazwe ngokubonakalayo kwiingalo zale ntsapho eziphikisayo. Enyanisweni, bebengekho. Isizathu silele eqinisweni lokuba, ukuya ekulweni, abaxhasayo belo nenye iqela njengombonakaliso ohlukileyo owenziwe kwiinqwelwe zabo i-rose-symbol - i-Lancasters-white, kunye nabachasi babo baseYorkie. Intle kunye nebukhosi.

Izizathu ezitshintshiweyo kwigazi

Kuyaziwa ukuba imfazwe ye-Scarlet ne-White Rose yaqala ngenxa yokungazinzi kwezopolitiko okwaseNgilani phakathi kwekhulu le-XV. Ininzi yoluntu ibonakalisa ukungoneleliswa yimiphumo yeminyaka emininzi yemfazwe kwaye ifuna utshintsho olusisiseko kurhulumente. Le meko yahlaziywa yinto engakwazi ukuyenza ngayo iNkosi Engu-Henry VI yeLancaster, engenakungazi kakuhle, apho amandla okwenene yayisezandleni zomfazi wayo, uKumkanikazi uMarguerite kunye neentando zakhe ezininzi.

Ukuqala kobutshaba

Kwintloko yentshaba yayinguDuke uRichard waseYork. Umzuzwana we-Plantagenets, wayenombono wakhe, amalungelo athile kwisithsaba. Ngokuthatha inxaxheba ngokubambisene nalo mmeli we-White Rose Party, ukungqubana kwezopolitiko kungekudala kwaqala ukuba yintlupheko yegazi, kwenye yayo, ngo-1455 kufuphi nesixeko saseSt. Albans, abalandeli bakaDuke bahambisa imikhosi yasebukhosini. Ngoko ke yaqala iminyaka engamashumi amathathu nemibini edlulileyo, kwaye ichazwe kwimibhalo kaTomas More noShakespeare, imfazwe yeScarlet ne-White Rose. Isishwankathelo somsebenzi wabo sisishukumisela umfanekiso walezo ziganeko.

Inhlanhla ecaleni kwenkcaso

Ukunqoba okunjalo kukaRichard York malunga nezigunyazi ezisemthethweni kwaqinisekisa amalungu ephalamende ukuba le ngqungquthela ingcono ukuba ingacasuli, kwaye bamxelela ukuba ngumkhuseli karhulumente, kwaye xa kwenzeka ukufa kwekosi - indlalifa esihlalweni sobukhosi. Kunzima ukusho ukuba i-duke ingaba yenzele ngokukhawuleza ukufa okanye cha, kodwa kwindoda elandelayo kunye nemikhosi yecala eliphikisayo labulawa.

Emva kokufa komgqugquzeli wemfazwe, inkcaso yayikhokelwa yunyana wakhe, ozalisekisa iphupha likayise elide, egqithiswe ngo-1461 phantsi kwegama likaEdward IV. Kungekudala impi yakhe yagqitywa ngokunyanzeliswa kweLancastrians, kwakhona yawayisa kwi-Battle of Mortimer Cross.

Ukungcatsha ukuba iMfazwe yamaRos ne-White Rose yazi

Isishwankathelo somsebenzi wembali kaT. Mora uthumela ubunzulu bokuphelelwa lithemba kwe-deposit Henry VI kunye nomfazi onobubele. Bazama ukubaleka, kwaye ukuba uMargarita wakwazi ukubalekela kwelinye ilizwe, umyeni wakhe osweleyo wabanjwa waza waboshwa kwiNqaba. Nangona kunjalo, ukumkani owayesandul 'ukwenjenjalo wayesekudala ukunyamezela ukunqoba. Kwiqela lakhe, iinqweno zaqala, zibangelwa ngamabango amabango abo bavakalisi abasondeleyo, elowo bafuna ukufumana isiqununu esikhulu kwisahluko seendumiso kunye namabhaso.

Ukunyaniseka nokukhwabanisa kweminye i-shabby yaseYorkians yabanyanzelisa ukuba bathengise, ngenxa yoko umzalwana omncinane wenkosi entsha, uDuke Clarence kunye no-Earl waseWarwick, beyilungisa yonke imimiselo yozuko, bawela kwicala lutshaba. Emva kokuba baqoke umkhosi omhle, bahlangula uHenry VI owayengathandeki kwiNqabayolo waza wambuyisela esihlalweni sobukhosi. Kwakuyixesha lokubalekela ku-Edward IV, owayelahlekelwe yitrone. Yena kunye nomntakwabo uGloucester bafika ngokukhuselekileyo eBurgundy, apho babenandipha ukuthandwa kwaye banamxhasi amaninzi.

Ukujika okutsha kwesalathisi

Imfazwe yeScarlet kunye ne-White Rose, ichazwe ngokufutshane ngeShakespeare enkulu, ilungiselele eli xesha ukungangamangalisi kwiLancastrians. Umntakwabo kaKing Clarence, owayezihlaziyile ngokuzihlambalaza ngokuzithengisa waza wabuyela esihlalweni kuHenry, efundile yintoni impi enamandla isihlobo sakhe esabuyela eLondon, saqonda ukuba ukhawuleza. Kwavela ukuba akazange afune ukuzifumana emgodini - indawo efanelekileyo kakhulu kubacuphi - kwaye, xa evele eenkampu zikaEdward, wamkholisa ngokuzisola kwakhe.

Xa bephinde bahlangana, abazalwana kunye nabaxhasi babo abaninzi abavela kwiYorkie Party bawaphinda kabini amaLancastrians eBarnet naseTewkesberry. Kwimfazwe yokuqala, iWarwick, yona leyo eyamngcatsha uClarence, yafa, kodwa, ngokungafani nalolu hlobo, wayengenalo ixesha lokubuyela kumphathi wayo wangaphambili. Inkqubela yesibini yabonakala yingozi kuMlawuli oyiNkosana. Ngaloo ndlela, umgca weDynastic we-Lancasters waphazamiseka yimfazwe ye-Scarlet ne-White Rose eyayithatha iNgilani. Isishwankathelo esifutshane seziganeko ezilandelayo zinikezelwa ngezantsi.

Yaye ibali lisitshelani ngeziganeko ezilandelayo?

Emva kokufumana ukunqoba, u-Edward IV waphinde wathumela inkosi ekhutshelwe kwi-Tower Tower. UHenry VI wabuyela kubantu abaqhelekileyo baze bahlala phambi kwekhamera, kodwa ixesha elide alizange lilinde. Ngomnyaka ofanayo nasezikwere zaseLondon ngomsindo obukhulu wachaza ukufa kwakhe. Kunzima ukusho nokuba bekuyinto engokwemvelo, okanye i-overlord entsha yenze isigqibo sokuzikhusela kwiingxaki ezinokwenzeka, kodwa ukususela ngoko umlotha ka-Henry VI, washiya ngexesha lakhe lobomi ngabafazi bakhe kunye nezifundo, baye behlala etilongweni laseWindsor Castle. Yintoni ongayenza, itrone yobukumkani ngezinye izihlandlo.

Ukugqithisa umntu owayephambili kunye nomncintiswano, u-Edward IV wabusa kwadalela ngowe-1483, xa wafa ngokukhawuleza ngenxa yesizathu esingachazwanga. Ngethuba elifutshane itrone yathathwa ngu-Edward wakhe unyana, kodwa ngokukhawuleza yasuswa emandleni yibhunga lobukhosi, njengoko kwakungathandabuzeki ngokusemthethweni kokuzalwa kwakhe. Ngendlela, kwakukho amaNgqina athetha ukuba uyise oza kuzalwa akaveli kwiDuke yaseYork, kodwa waba isiqhamo sothando olufihlakeleyo lwe-duchess kunye nomculi omhle.

Ngoko kunjalo, ngokwenene okanye akunjalo, akazange afune ukumbamba, kodwa nje ukuba ithethrone yendlalifa yindlalifa isuswe, kwaye umzalwana weNkosi yasekupheleni uRichard Gloucester, ogqithiswe phantsi kwegama uRichard III, wakhiwe phezu kwakhe. Isibi asizange simlungiselele iminyaka emininzi yokulawula okulileyo. Ngokukhawuleza, ukuchasana okucacileyo kunye ngokufihlakeleyo kwakhiwa ngeenxa zonke etroneni, kubutshisa ubomi bomlawuli kunye namandla akhe onke.

Ukubuya kweeRos

Ingxelo yembali yenkulungwane ye-15 ichaza indlela iMfazwe yamaRose kunye ne-White Rose yaveliswa ngayo kwikamva. Isishwankathelo esifutshane samaxwebhu agcinwe kuzo sibonisa ukuba abaphathi abakhokelayo beLancaster Party bakwazi ukuhlanganisa kwilizwekazikazi umkhosi omkhulu, oququzelele kakhulu kumaFrench. Ekhokelwa nguHenry Tudor, wafika ngo-1486 kummandla waseBrithani waza waqala indlela yokuphumelela eya eLondon. UKumkani uRichard III ngokwakhe wayekhokela umkhosi, owaphuma ukuhlangabeza intshaba, kodwa wafa empini yaseBosworth.

Ukuphela kwama-Middle Ages aseYurophu

Imfazwe yeScarlet ne-White Rose eNgilani yayisondele ekupheleni kwayo. Isishwankathelo se-akhawunti kaShakespeare yale miba imbuyisela umfanekiso weendlela, ekufikeni ngaphandle kweengxaki ezikhethekileyo zentloko yaseBrithani, uTudor wayenomgca phantsi kwegama likaHenry VII. Ukususela ngoko, ubukhosi baseLancasty buzinzile ngokuzibeka etroneni, yaye ukubusa kwabo kwahlala iminyaka elinamanci elinesixhenxe. Inzame enkulu yokuzama ukuyichitha ukumkani yathathwa ngo-1487 ngu-Count Lincoln, umntakwabo kaRichard III, owavusa umvukelo, kodwa wabulawa ekulweni.

Kucingelwa ukuba imfazwe yamaRos kunye neRos (1455-1487) yintsebenziswano yokugqibela kwi-Middle Ages yaseYurophu. Ngeli thuba, kungekuphela nje inzala yonke yendalo ye-Plantagenet yabhujiswa, kodwa ininzi yesiNgesi. Iintlekele eziphambili zibekwe kumahlombe abantu abaqhelekileyo, abaye baqala ukubamba iinjongo zezopolitiko zangaphandle.