Indoda efundela ubunzulu bomhlaba. Izikhokelo eziphambili zophando lwe-geological

I-Geology iyinzululwazi ephonononga ukubunjwa, isakhiwo kunye nemihla ngemihla yophuhliso lwangaphakathi loMhlaba. Le nzu lulwazi luquka izikhokelo ezininzi. I-geologist ngumntu ohlola ubunzulu bomhlaba.

Imvelaphi yegama elithi "geology"

Ukususela kwisiGrike, igama elithi "geology" liguqulelwa ngokuthi "umhlaba" nangokuthi "ukufundisa." Ekuqaleni, igama elithi "geology" - inzululwazi yemithetho nemithetho yomhlaba - yahluke kunye negama elithi "inkolo" - isayensi yobomi bokomoya.

Xa eli gama libonakala, akukho suku oluchanekileyo. Abanye bakholelwa ukuba eli gama labonakala ngo-1603, kwaye lisetyenziswe ngumfundi we-Italiya u-Ulysses Aldrovandi. Abanye bakholelwa ukuba igama laziswa ngo-1657 nguNosayensi waseNorway kunye nendoda efunda iibilini zomhlaba, uMikkel Pederson Esholt, ngoko ngo-1778 wayetyenziswe nguJean Andre Delux. Ekugqibeleni, ilizwi liye lasetyenziswa ngo-1779 sibonga ku-Oras uBenedict de Saussure.

Ngokomlando, igama elithi "geognosy" lisetyenzisiwe, lacetyiswa yiJalimane geologists uG. Fuksel no-A.G. Werner. Ekupheleni kwekhulu le-XIX, eli gama lalisetyenziswa.

Izigaba zeGeology

I-Geology yenzululwazi yesayensi. Enye yemisebenzi yayo eyintloko kukubona ukulandelelana kweziganeko ze-geological. Uphando lwe-geological luhlukaniswe kwiindawo ezintathu eziphambili:

1. I-geology echazayo-uphando, indawo, ubungakanani, ubungakanani kunye nobukhulu bomzimba we-geological, amatye kunye namaminerali, kwakunye nokulandelelana kweentlobo zamatye.
2. I-geology ye-geology - iqhubekele ekuveleni kweenkqubo ze-geological - ukutshatyalaliswa kwamatye, ukuthutha, ukuqokelelwa kwezidalwa, ukunyakaza kwehlabathi, ukukhukhula kweentaba-mlilo, iinyikima.
3. I-geological geological ihlola ulandelelwano lweenkqubo zexesha elidlulileyo.

Ngalinye lemiyalelo ihambelana nemigaqo yayo kunye neendlela zokuphanda. Ngokufika kolwazi olutsha, izigaba ze-geology zanda, iindawo eziphambili zophando namhlanje zizenzululwazi zilandelayo:

1. IiNzululwazi malunga nokukhutshwa komhlaba.
2. IiSayensi zeenkqubo zemihla ngemihla.
3. Inzululwazi yokulandelelana kwembali yeenkqubo ze-geological.
4. I zi qeqesho.
5. Geology yesithili.

Ingcali ye geologist

Ngokuqhelekileyo lo msebenzi uphathelene nokuthandana kweendwendwe, iibhonfires kunye neemvumi zentshebe, kodwa le yinto enye yezinto ezininzi. Umntu ophonononga amathambo omhlaba unolwazi ngokwecandelo apho asebenza khona. Indawo yomsebenzi ixhomekeke kwicandelo le-geology kunye nemisebenzi eyabelwe. Ezi zi nohambo-ukufunda isifundo kwintsimi. Kungaba yindalo yeeprojekthi okanye imisebenzi yophando-uhlalutyo lwengcaciso efunyenwe kwikhabhinethi. Umsebenzi womsebenzi weoli we-geologist udibene nokukhangela ioli okanye igesi. I-volcanologist yinkwenkwezi eyenza ukuhlola umsebenzi we-volcanic. Yintoni i-geologist efuna? Unomdla kakhulu kwiimigodi kunye neemaminerali. Ukwakhiwa, ulwazi lobunjineli bezobunjineli luyadingeka.

Geology eRashiya

Ukususela kumaxesha amandulo kwintsimi ye-Urals ne-Altai yasebenza "uthandoznattsy" kunye ne "rudosytschiki." Benza ukukhangela kunye nokutsalwa kwe-iron kunye ne-ores ye-copper, amagugu kunye namanye amaminerali.

ULomonosov wayeyindoda efunda ubunzulu bomhlaba, wabeka iziseko zokuphuhlisa i-geology yaseRashiya, ngaloo ndlela ayivumelekanga iimpazamo zabafundi beNtshona Yurophu.

Ngekhulu le-XIX, ukuphuhliswa kwebhizinisi lokumbiwa kweemayini kwaqala, kwaye izinto ezifunekayo zifunekayo ukuze ziqhutywe. Ngenxa yale njongo, umsebenzi wokuhlola uqale kwii-Urals, eMpuma yeSiberia naseTranscaucasus. Kwixesha le-geological work eTranscaucasus, i- oyile, isinyithi, ubhedu, inkokheli, isilivere kunye nemithombo yamanzi yamaminerali zachongwa.

Ukuphuhliswa kwoshishini loshishino kwenza kube lula ukuhlola kwiDisetk.

I-geologists yaseRussia, ngokungafani neNtshona Yurophu, ngokuzimeleyo kwafika kwimbono yokwenza iiflethi zegolide. Indawo yabo yokubunjwa idibene nokutshatyalaliswa kweemithanjeni ezithwala igolide.

Umsebenzi ohlolisayo kwicandelo laseYurophu leli lizwe linike ulwazi oluninzi kunye nezinto eziphathekayo ukuqonda okutsha kwisakhiwo seRain Plain.

Ngokusekelwe kwimibala yezobuqhetseba baqala ukudala iimephu zokuqala ze-geological. Ekupheleni kwekhulu le-18, imephu yokuqala ye-petrographic yenziwa.

Ngowe-1882, iKomiti yeGeological yasungulwa. Uphando olunzulu lwethala laseRashiya laqala. Ekuhambeni kwalo msebenzi, ulwahlulo olutsha kwi-geology - paleogeography - isayensi ehlola imeko ye-physico-yemozulu yexesha elidlulileyo libonakala.

Kwakukho umsebenzi ekufundweni kweentlango, eSiberia nase-Central Asia.

Geology kwiSoviet Union

Ngexesha leSoviet, i-geology ye-USSR yayinokuphuhliswa ngamandla kwaye iyenziwa kakhulu. Emva ko-Oktobha u-Revolution, uphando lwengingqi lukhuphe ngaphezu kwama-35% kwintsimi yelizwe. Ngomhla ka-1945, i-66% yintsimi yombuso sele ivele ikhona.

Izibhengezo kwi- Peninsula yaseKola, i-peninsula yaseTaimyr, ii- Polar Urals, i-Pechora ibhasi, iiNtaba ze-Altai kunye nezinye iindawo eziye zahlelwa.

Kufunyenwe idiphozithi ye-potassium isalts yaseSolikamsk neBereznyak-enye yezona zidiphozi ezinkulu kwihlabathi.

Ukukhangela kunye nokuhlola iindawo zeoli kwintsimi phakathi kweVolga kunye neeUreals zaqala. Ukubola ngokujulile kwanika imithombo yamanzi.

Kuye kunye neenjini zezolimo , i-geologists zeemfuno ezihlukeneyo zibonakala zifunda i-crust earth.

Yintoni i-geologist efuna namhlanje? Ukusebenza kuzo zonke iipasiti ezinkulu zivulekile kwaye zihlolwe. Iinkqubo ezenzeka kwimibilini yomhlaba ziyaqhubeka zifundiswa kwaye ziphuculwa ngolwazi lwe-geology. Imibuzo eninzi iphendulwa, ayikho enye impendulo ngoku. Ngexesha elide, umntu ophonononga amathambo omhlaba udonsa ulwazi, kodwa iimpendulo ezintsha zivelisa imibuzo emitsha.