Imbali emfutshane kuphuhliso kwezibane zombane

Imbali kuphuhliso kwezibane zombane busuka emva 1870, xa yaqanjwa i isibane yale igqengezelayo ukuba wanikela ukukhanya ngokusebenzisa umbane. Imbali kuphuhliso yombane yangoku kakhulu waqala ngaphambili, xa amalinge edumileyo inzululwazi Volta neziphumo zokudalwa kwebhetri obrak. Kwaye izixhobo yokuqala sinokwanela ukukhanyisa, apho wayesebenza phezu yangoku yombane, zaye obuyiyile ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XIX. Bazama ukusebenzisa kukhanyisa ezitratweni, kodwa kubiza imali eninzi kwaye alale.

Mdibi uzibophelele oyinjineli evela Russia Pavel Yablochkov, apho ngoDisemba 12, 1876 wavula "amakhandlela yombane ', nto leyo ngoncedo lombane iye yaba umthombo elula kukhanyise. An hlaziyo kubalulekile obumiselweyo Yablochkov eewathi isibane basungula American odumileyo, uThomas Edison. Uye wafaka isixhobo kwimvulophu lwepolitiki, apho abafowunelwa akhuselwe ukusuka kwi arc ngu igcwala, ngoko akwazi ukunika ibhalbhu ilayite ixesha elide. Ngayo, imbali kwezibane zombane ifumene umfutho omtsha. October 21, 1879 wafaka ibhalbhu yokuqala ukukhanya, onako ukuze batshise iintsuku ezimbini.

Ngesandla ukukhanya Tomasa Edisona bulb ukukhanya kuye imveliso yorhwebo kwaye lisetyenziswa ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XX. Nakule elizayo kuphuhliso isibane sombane sele waqalisa ukuya phambili soqobo umsebenzi wenzululwazi kunye nabasunguli, njengoko fyabo ngamnye omtsha efuziselwa kwinqanaba olutsha kuphuhliso lwamashisini zokukhanya.

Ngowe-1901, Cooper-Hewitt wenza eliphantsi isibane xi mercury.

Ngowe-1905, kumasifundisane yenziwa wokuqala Auer Izibane isibane kunye coil Tungsten.

Ngowe-1906, isazinzulu Kuh wasungula uxinzelelo oluphezulu mercury isibane.

Ngowe-1910 yena wenza i idabi ebalulekileyo kuvulwa ephambili kumjikelo halogen.

Ngowe-1913, Lange buchopho wabonisa ityhubhu karhulumente zizaliswe gas-, nto leyo kamva wafumana igama lakhe.

Ngowe-1931 nzulu wenza i Pirani sodium isibane ngamandla eliphantsi.

Ngowe-1946, uMnu Schultz hits yonke isibane xenon.

Ngowe-1958 kwafika ukuba izibane halogen.

Ngowe-1962, lo kuqala LED kunye limiswa amadlozi spectrum ebomvu.

Ngowe-1982, ihlabathi wabona izibane halogen ephantsi-ombane.

Ngowe-1983, izibane ezibengezelayo ezibumbeneyo yasungulwa.

Kule mihla imbali kwezibane zombane iboniswa kuphela ngohlobo lenzululwazi phambili, kodwa ke uhlobo lwe izinto eziqulathwe kule imveliso yokugqibela losetyenziso abaninzi. Kule mihla sele lusekiwe kakuhle imveliso ubunzima kwimithombo ebanzi eyahlukeneyo zombane, kubandakanywa ii-LED, aba bamamkeleyo ingqalelo ekugqibeleni kwimbali. amalungelo abo elikhulu ubomi inkonzo, ngamandla aphezulu ezikhanyayo, ubungakanani encinane kunye phantse angakwazi ukuba konga umbane. Noko ke, lo gama ukusetyenziswa kakhulu LED liyi kuphela imbali kuphuhliso bombane.

zobuchwepheshe iLED ekukhanyeni yombane kwixa elizayo kufuneka ekugqibeleni win kwindawo yalo efanelekileyo. Ikamva kukhuphiswano ukubalasela phakathi LED kunye nemithombo zokukhanyisa ezibengezelayo. isibane ezijiko-jiko, ngoku umthombo wokukhanya kakhulu ethandwa, unetyala isikhundla sakhe ukuba loo abalaseleyo Scientist eSoviet SI Vavilov, ngubani na okunike negalelo enamandla kuphuhliso zokukhanya nokulayita wadala isiseko yenzululwazi. Kwaba phantsi kwesikhokelo lakhe sele iphuhlisiwe phosphor, nto leyo eye baguqula yiultraviolet ukukhutshwa spectrum kuluhlu, ibonakale ngokucacileyo emehlweni oluntu. elizayo Good njengoko ilinda Nesibane xenon.