Iinqununu zeentlanzi kunye neempawu zazo

Iintlanzi ziindawo zokuhlala zihlala emanzini kwaye ziphefumle ngegill. Ehlabathini labo kukho iintlobo ezingaphezu kwezi-3 ezilwanyana. Kukholelwa ukuba ngabo beza kuqala ezweni, bezalela izilwanyana zasemhlabeni. Ziziphi iiklasi kunye nemiyalelo yeentlanzi ezikhoyo? Zihluke njani omnye komnye? Kuliphi iqela elenzayo intlanzi yenyanga-eyona nto intlanzi ehlabathini? Siza kuphendula yonke le mibuzo kule nqaku.

Yintoni ekhethekileyo ngeentlanzi?

Iintlanzi ziyingxenye ebalulekileyo yezinto eziphilayo kunye nabathathi-nxaxheba abathintekayo kwizicwangciso zokutya. Zisasazwa ngokubanzi kwilizwe, ezihlala emanzini amnandi kunye namanzi amanzi ukusuka elwandle ukuya emanzini aphakamileyo aphakamileyo ephakamileyo ngaphezu kweekhilomitha ezingama-6.

Ininzi yobomi abayichitha emanzini, ngoko ke izixhobo eziphambili zokuphefumula ngabo ziyizigulane. Kwimiyalelo emininzi yeentlanzi kukho abameleli abakwazi ukunyuka phandle kwixesha elifutshane (udaka udaka, anabas, inhlanzi endizayo). Abanye bafumana ezinye izitho zokuphefumula - imiphunga (lungfish - protopterus, corpuscle, njl.).

Ubomi obungapheliyo ngaphantsi kwamanzi kufuna ukulungelelaniswa okukhethekileyo kwiintlanzi. Ingxowa zawo zangaphandle zimelelwe ngamanqanaba - amacwecwe e-dentine, i-cosmin okanye i-gaonin, ephakanyiswayo komnye nomnye njengama-tile.

Bahamba ngoncedo lweempahla, kunye nokunciphisa umzimba wabo umzimba unomfanekiso ochanekileyo. Iintlanzi ezininzi zinokubhukuda. Ukulungiswa kwengcinezelo, ikhuthaza ukunyakaza okuhambayo kwezilwanyana kumqolo wamanzi, kwaye kunceda ukuyigcina kwindawo ethile.

Udidi lweentlanzi

Iipisisi liqela lamaqhinga, apho kukho iindidi ezininzi ezahlukileyo. Kwimithombo eyahlukileyo inani labo liyahlukana. Ngokuqhelekileyo bahlukana baba yi-cartilaginous kunye nethambo. Ngamanye amaxesha i-Bony iintlanzi zibonakalisa njenge-super-class, kwaye ngaphakathi kwayo zihlukanisa iiklasi ze-ray-finned kunye ne-lopastoper.

Iintlanzi zeentlanzi ezinqabileyo ziyi-chimera-like, katranoobraznye, i-stingray-like, iilwandle zaselwandle, i-multi-branched, i-globular kunye nomhlobo. Kukho malunga no-13 kubo, kodwa bamelwa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeerki, imitha kunye ne-chimeras.

Amagqabantshe ale ntlanzi ahlanganiswe ne-cartilage. Izakhono kunye neentlanzi azigubungeli izigulane ezineqhekeza, kodwa ziphuma ziphuma ngaphandle. Ukubhukuda kwesantya akukho, okubenza bahlale behamba, mhlawumbi baya kuhla. Iintlobo zodwa azibeki amaqanda, kodwa ziphindwe ngokuzalwa ngokuzalwa.

Iiklasi zeentlanzi zeBhodi zininzi kakhulu. Njengoko igama libhekisela, amathambo abo ayenziwe ngamathambo. Iigill ziyingxenye yamathambo, ziqukethe iipalals kunye nezigulane, kwaye zihlanganiswe ngeefowuni phezulu.

Kwinqaku enye, akunakwenzeka ukuba uluhlu zonke iiyunithi zeentlanzi kanye, ngoko ngaphantsi siza kuchaza izinto ezithandekayo okanye eziqhelekileyo.

Perciformes

Iqela elikhulu leentlanzi, elibandakanya iindidi ezi-7-8 zeeyityalo. Uninzi lwabo lushishino. Impawu eziphambili zeentlanzi zomyalelo we-perciform zezikali zentsimbi. Amaphethelo alo awanjalo, kodwa ahlula kwiintlobo ezincinane. Iimpahla zepectoral ziphantsi kweengcongolo ze-thoracic, kwaye ezinye zazo zigqityiwe ziba miva.

I-Perciformes iyahluka kakhulu ngobukhulu. Ezinye iintlobo zifikelela emithamitha ambalwa kuphela (i-mythtic i-Lutian), ngelixa ezinye zikhula zibe ziimitha ezi-3 (ityhubhu eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka). Abameli abanobuchule be-mackerel, i-bullhead, i-zander, i-tuna, gourami, i-swordfish. Kodwa i-parch yolwandle awayeyabo kwaye ivela kwiqela le-scorpion-shaped.

IChimmeras

I-chymereobraznyh ye-fish detachment ibukeka bunzima. Umzimba wabo udibene kwaye unqabile kakhulu kumsila osikiweyo. Ngaphambi kokuba iifom zombini zenzeke ngameva, ekwazi ukufihla kwi-back on the back.

Inxalenye yomlomo icatshulwa kwaye inobunxantathu. Kwezinye iintlobo ixhomekeke ngamandla, kwaye ifana neproboscis. Umlomo ulapha ngezantsi. Iipectoral fins ezinkulu kwaye zenziwe njengamaphiko.

I-Chimeras ibhukuda ngokukhawuleza, "ihamba" emanzini. Ezi ziintlanzi zentlanzi ezihlala kwindawo enzulu okanye kwi-shelf shallows. Zifumaneka kwizilwandle zaseNdiya, e-Atlantic nasePacific. Ukupapashwa ngokubeka amaqanda.

Sturgeon

Ulwakhiwo, i-sturgeon ithatha isikhundla esiphakathi phakathi kweentlobo zeentlanzi kunye ne-bony. Ngokuqhelekileyo bahlelwa njengeklasi yeentlanzi eziqhaqhaqhazelayo kunye neentsikiti zeentlanzi ezinqabileyo. Ezi ziquka i-beluga, zonke iintlobo ze-sturgeon, i-kaluga, i-sterlet, njl.

Amagqabi abo aqukethe i-cartilages, ine-chord kwaye ayihlulwa kwi-vertebrae. Umzimba weentlanzi udibene kwaye uhlanganiswe ngemigangatho emihlanu yamacwecwe amakhulu amathambo, phakathi kweentlobo ezincinci. Umlomo ulapha ngezantsi. Ngaphambi kwakhe kukhona ezine-antennae, ezenza indima yeenxalenye zomnxeba.

Iintlobo ze-sturgeon zihlala emifuleni nasemilwandle yaseNyakatho yeNtlabathi. Ukuloba kubonakala kakhulu, ngokukhethekileyo i-caviar ixabiso. Le yintlanzi enkulu. U-Beluga, umzekelo, ufikelela kumitha engama-4-9, ama-sturgeons-6 metres.

Bobbin-njengaye

Eli qela leentlanzi iintlanzi liquka malunga neentlobo ezingama-250. Uninzi lwababameli banomzimba ongaqhelekanga: i-spyrical, i-flat disco, i-cubic, njl. Umlomo weentlanzi ngokuqhelekileyo uncinci, amathambo omhlathi omkhulu uvaliwe. Esikhundleni semilinganiselo eqhelekileyo, imizimba yabo ihlanganiswe ngameva okanye iinaliti ezincinci.

Bahlala emanzini afudumele elwandle kufuphi ne-equator, bakhetha imifula yamakhorali. Abameli bamebe yi-fish-hedgehog, intlanzi-inyanga, i-cube yomzimba kunye nabanye. Intlanzi-inyanga yintlanzi ephezulu kakhulu emhlabeni. Isisindo salo singadlula iitoni ezi-20. Inomfanekiso omeyi-diski, uhlambuluke ukusuka kumacala kwaye ufikelela kwi-2 metres ububanzi.

Ukugqithisa

I-Flounder - intlanzi ehambahambayo ejikelezayo emacaleni abo. Baye balala emacaleni abo, ngoko amehlo abo abekwe kwicala elinye. Umbala, njengommiselo, usekufutshane nombala wolwandle. Oku kuyimfuneko yokuqhafaza, kuba phantse zonke iintlanzi ze-odolo ziyizilwanyana kunye nokutya kuma-crustaceans, i-mollusks kunye neentlanzi ezincinci.

Bahlala ezilwandle ukusuka kwiindawo ezitshitshiswayo ukuya kwiindawo ezipholileyo, ngokunyuka phezulu ngasezantsi. Iintlanzi zikhetha amanzi angenanto, iindawo zeehotele zihamba ngokukhawuleza emlonyeni wemilambo. Ezi ziquka ukugqithisa, i-halibut, kunye neqela. Ubungakanani bameli abancinane kunamapentimitha angu-7-8, inkulu kunazo zonke-malunga neekhilomitha ezingama-5.

Celery

I-Celery yile miyalelo yezona ntlanzi ezincinci. Umzimba wabo uhlambuluke kwaye uphawulwe ngamanqanaba omzimba wesimlo. Intloko yeentlanzi ezininzi ziqukethe izicubu zomzimba. Imibala yemigodi iyanciphisa, yingakho i-detachment idla ngokubizwa ngokuba "ithambile". I-detachment iquka i-Atlantic menhaden, i-hertic ye-Baltic, i-Pacific, iSardine, i-sprats, i-anchovies, i-herring ye-Baltic, i-sprat.

Ezi ntlanzi zihluke kakhulu kwiindlela zokuphila, abaninzi banako ukwenza ukufuduka kwexesha elide. Zisasazwa kuzo zonke iilwandle zehlabathi, ngokukodwa kwimimandla yeTropiki nakwiindawo eziphantsi komhlaba. Imimandla yeemeko zihlala kwiintlobo ezithile zeentlobo ezithile, ezinye zihlala emzimbeni wamanzi amanzi. Ininzi ibhekisela kwiintlanzi ze-pelagic-ezihlala kwiindawo eziphezulu zolwandle.

INgqungquthela

Abameli abangabonakaliyo beentlanzi zintlanzi yiqela lama-eels. Ngenxa yomzimba omde, odibeneyo, unokudideka kunye nenyoka. Nangona kunjalo, umzimba we-eel-like does not taper to the umsila kwaye kaninzi awunakucatshulwa kumacala.

Bahambisa ukuxilonga. Akukho zikhutshana kwiimpazamo zeeplvic, njengezikali. Ulusu lugubungele i-mucus. Njengeenyoka, zingenakho izibambo, kwaye i-ridge ifike kwi-vertebrae engama-300. Ininzi yeeels inetyhefu kunye nezidlo. Iintlobo ezinkulu kakhulu (i-giant moray eels) zize zihlasele i-reef ne-tiger sharks.

Ezi ziinhlanzi zolwandle ezikhetha amanzi ashushu. Ziye zimelelwe ziintlobo zeeel eels and eels. Intsapho yodwa yamanzi ngumlambo womlambo. Bahlala emzimbeni wamanzi asemacaleni ase-Atlantic, Pacific kunye no-Indian Ocean.

Grey sharks

Phakathi kwazo zonke iintlanzi, ezi zininzi ziyiqela le-carcass okanye i-gray sharks. Iquka iintlobo ezingaphezu kwama-250, kuquka i-hammerhead, i-tiger, isiliki, i-shark edibeneyo, njl njl. Abameli bayo babonwa njengabanye bezona ndawo ziyingozi kwiindawo ezinzulu zolwandle. Kwi-akhawunti yabo, amaninzi amaxhoba.

Bahlala kwimimandla yonxweme yamanxweme asezindaweni ezitshatyalaliswayo, ezisezindaweni ezinxweme kunye nezifudumele. Intlanzi ihamba rhoqo, ibuye isuke emanzini amanxweme, ize ibhukude emanzini. Ezinye iintlobo nazo zivela kumalungu amanzi amatsha.

Iidanga ezinobumba zinamaqhezu amahlanu e-gill slits; Bazala okanye ngokubeka amaqanda okanye ngokuzalwa ngokuzalwa.

Unomlomo omkhulu ulapha ngaphantsi, kwaye i-snout isandiswa phambili. Kwezinye i-shark, ixutywe ngamandla (kwi-sharks sharks). Iintlobo ezikhethekileyo ziyi-hammerhead. Umbhobho wabo uhlambulukile ukusuka phezulu kwaye ububanzi ukusuka kumacala, afana nomda wangaphambili wesando. Umphetho wokuqala we-dorsal uphawulwe ngesimo somtya.