Ukuphuphuma kwe-Evaporation ... Inkqubo yokuguquka kwesigaba senkunkuma esuka kummandla wamanzi ukuya kumphunga

Kwihlabathi elikujikelezayo, ezininzi izinto ezihlukeneyo kunye neenkqubo ziqhubeka rhoqo kwaye ziqhubeka. Enye yezinto ezibalulekileyo yinkqubo yokukhuphuka. Kukho imiqathango emininzi yemimiselo yale nzekayo. Kule nqaku, siza kuxubusha ngamnye ngomnye iinkcukacha.

Kuyintoni ukuphuma kwamanzi?

Le yinkqubo yokuguqula izinto kwilizwe elinombane okanye ophazamisayo. Yimpawu kuphela zezixhobo zokuzibandakanya kwamanzi. Nangona kunjalo, into efana nayo ibonakala kwiimpawu eziqinileyo, kuphela oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-sublimation. Oku kubonakala ngokuqwalasela ngokucophelela imizimba. Ngokomzekelo, isiqwenga sesepha soma phezu kwexesha kwaye siqala ukuphazamisa, oku kungenxa yokuba amaconsi amanzi ekuveleni kwawo aphuphuma aze aye kwimeko ye-H2 O.

Inkcazo kwi-physics

Ukuphuphuma kwe-evaporation yinkqubo yokugqibela, apho ukutshintsha kwenguqu yenguqu isebenza njengomthombo wokufumana amandla. Iquka izinto ezimbini:

• Umlinganiselo othile wokushisa okufunekayo ukunqoba imikhosi yamakhenkethi, xa kukho isikhala phakathi kwama-molecule axhunyiwe;
• Ubushushu obufunekayo kumsebenzi wokwandiswa kwee-molecule kwinkqubo yokuguqulwa kwezinto ezisetyenziswayo kwi-vapor okanye igesi.

Oku kwenzeka ntoni?

Ukutshintshwa kwezinto ezisuka kwimeko yombane ukuya kwilizwe elimnandi kungenzeka ngeendlela ezimbini:

1. Ukuphuphuma kwe-evaporation yinkqubo apho i-molecule ikhuphuka emkhatsini wemveliso yelwelo.
2. Ukubilisa yinkqubo yokuphefumula kwi-liquide ngokuguqula ukushisa kwindawo ethile yokushisa kweziyobisi.

Nangona kunjalo ukuba ezo zombini iziganeko ziguqula umbane owenziwe kwi-gas, kukho ukungafani phakathi kwabo. Ukubilisa yinkqubo esebenzayo eyenzekayo kuphela kwiqondo lokushisa elithile, ngelixa i-evaporation ivela phantsi kwayo nayiphi na imimiselo. Olunye umehluko kukuba ukubilisa kuyinto yobuninzi bobunzima bombane, kwaye into yesibini ibonakala kuphela kwimibandela yamanzi.

Ingcamango ye-molecular-kinetic yokunyuka kwamanzi

Ukuba sicinga le nkqubo kwinqanaba le-molecular, lenzeke ngale ndlela:

1. Iimleksile kwizinto ezisemanzini zihlala zihamba ngokukrakra, zonke zihamba ngokugqithisileyo. Okwangoku, iinqununu zithandwa omnye nomnye ngemibutho yokukhanga. Njalo xa bexhamlana, isantya sazo sitshintsha. Ngesinye isikhathi, ezinye zivelisa isantya esiphezulu kakhulu, kukuvumela ukuba unqobe amandla okukhanga.
2. Ezi zinto, ezibonakala phezu komlambo, zinegunya elinjalo elinamandla ukuze zinqobe izibophelelo ze-intermolecular zishiye ilwelo.
3. Zizo iimlekyuli ezikhawulezayo ezibalekela kummandla wexabiso lombane, kwaye le nqubo iqhubeka ngokuqhubekayo nangokuqhubekayo.
4. Ngesinye isikhathi emoyeni, ijika ibe yintlambo - ibizwa ngokuba yi-steaming.
5. Ngenxa yoko, i- average kinetic yamandla e- particle asele iya kuba yincinci. Oku kuchaza ukupholisa komlambo. Khumbula indlela ebuntwaneni esiye safundiswa ukuba sivuthele ngayo amanzi ashushu, ukwenzela ukuba ngokukhawuleza ipholile. Kuvela ukuba siphuthuma inkqubo yokukhupha amanzi, kwaye ukushisa kweqondo lokushisa kwenzeka ngokukhawuleza.

Ziziphi izinto ezixhomekeke kuzo?

Kukho iimeko ezininzi eziyimfuneko ukuba kuvele le nkqubo. Iyenzeka ukusuka kuyo yonke indawo, apho kukho iinqununu zamanzi: ngamachibi, ulwandle, imilambo, zonke izinto ezimanzi, iifakelo zezilwanyana kunye nabantu, kunye namaqabunga ezityalo. Ingagqitywa ukuba ukufudumala kuyindlela ebalulekileyo kwaye iyimfuneko yehlabathi elijikelezayo kunye nazo zonke izidalwa eziphilayo.

Nazi izinto ezichaphazela le nto:

1. Izinga lokukhuphuka kwegazi lixhomekeke ekubunjweni kwelwelo ngokwalo. Kuyaziwa ukuba nganye yazo ineempawu zayo. Ngokomzekelo, ezo zinto, apho ukufudumala kwe-vaporization ziphantsi, kuya kutshintshwa ngokukhawuleza. Masiqhathanise iinkqubo ezimbini: ukuphuphuma kotywala kunye namanzi aqhelekileyo. Kwimeko yokuqala, ukuguqulwa kwimeko yombane kubonakala ngokukhawuleza, kuba ukushisa okuthe ngqo kwendawo yokuphuza utshwala ku-837 kJ / kg, kwaye ngamanzi phantse kathathu-2260 kJ / kg.
2. Ijubane lixhomekeke ekushiseni okuqala kwilwelo: ephakamileyo, i-steam esheshayo iveliswa. Ngokomzekelo, thatha iglasi yamanzi, xa kukho amanzi abilayo ngaphakathi kwinqanawa, ukuphefumula kwenzeka kumlinganiselo ophezulu kunokuba xa ubushushu bamanzi buphantsi.
3. Enye into ebangela izinga lokuhamba kwele nkqubo yindawo yommandla wamanzi. Khumbula ukuba kwisitya esikhulu sesobho eshushu sitshisa ngokukhawuleza kunokuba isonka esincinci.
4. Isantya sokuhanjiswa kwezinto kwindawo yemoya kakhulu sinquma izinga lokukhuphuka kwamanzi, oko kukuthi, ngokukhawuleza ukusabalalisa kwenzeka, ngokukhawuleza ukuphefumula kwenzeka. Ngokomzekelo, kwiimimoya ezinamandla, amaconsi amanzi aphuthuma ngokukhawuleza ukusuka emanzini, emifuleni kunye namagumbi.
5. Iqondo lokushisa lomoya kwigumbi linendima ebalulekileyo. Oku ngakumbi, siya kuthetha nje ngezantsi.

Yiyiphi indima yomoya wobumanzi?

Ngenxa yokuba inkqubo yokukhuphuka ivela kuyo yonke indawo ngokuqhubekayo kwaye ngokuqhubekayo, kukho iincinci zamanzi emoyeni. Ngefomula, zibukeka njengeqela lezinto H2 O. Iziqu eziququzelayo zingakhuphuka ngokuxhomekeka kumthamo wamanzi omphunga emoyeni, lo coefficient ubizwa ngokuba ngumswakama womoya. Ingaba yimiba emibini:

1. Ubuncwane obusondeleyo bubungakanani bomlinganiselo womphunga wamanzi emoyeni ukuxinwa kwemphunga egcweleyo ngokushisa okufanayo njengepesenti. Umzekelo, isibonakaliso se-100% sibonisa ukuba umoya ugcwele ngokupheleleyo i-H ₂ O.
2. Ubungqina obucacileyo bubuninzi bomphunga wamanzi emoyeni, lubonakaliswe yileta f kwaye ibonisa ukuba zininzi iamolekyu zamanzi ziqulethwe kwi-1 m ³ yomoya.

Ubudlelwane phakathi kwenkqubo yokunyuka kwamanzi kunye nomoya wobumanzi bunokumiselwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo. I-lower inferior humidity of air, i-evaporation ngokukhawuleza evela emhlabeni kunye nezinye izinto ziya kwenzeka.

Ukunyuka kwamanzi izinto ezahlukeneyo

Kwizinto ezahlukeneyo le nkqubo iqhubeka ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Ngokomzekelo, ukukhuphuka kotywala kwenzeka ngokukhawuleza kunokuba kuninzi lwamanzi ngenxa yokushisa okuphantsi kwe-vaporization. Ngokuqhelekileyo, izinto ezinjalo zotywala zibizwa ngokuba zinyanzeliso, ngenxa yokuba umphunga wamanzi ngokwawo uqobo uphazamisa kubo ngokukodwa nakweyiphi na iqondo lokushisa.

Utywala lungaphinda lukhuphuke nakwiqondo lokushisa. Kwinkqubo yokupheka iwayini okanye i-vodka, utywala uqhutyelwa kwi-apparatus yokubilisa, kuphela ukufikelela kwindawo yokubilisa, ubuncinane bulingana nama-78 degrees. Nangona kunjalo, ukushisa okwenene kokuphuza utshwala kuya kuba mkhulu kakhulu, kuba kwimveliso yokuqala (umzekelo, ziqhayisa) ihlanganiswe ngamafutha ahlukahlukeneyo kunye namanzi.

Ukunyanzelisa nokunciphisa

Isiganeko esilandelayo singabonwa rhoqo xa amanzi e-kettle abiza. Qaphela ukuba xa amanzi athile abilayo evela kwimeko yombane ukuya kwi-gaseous state. Oku kwenzeka ngale ndlela: i-jet ekhutshisiweyo yamanzi impukane ivela kwi-kettle ngokusebenzisa umtshini wayo ngokukhawuleza okukhulu. Ngelo xesha, i-steam eyakhiweyo ayibonakali ekuphumeni kwi-spout, kodwa kumgama omncinane ukusuka kuyo. Le nqubo ibizwa ngokuthi ukuxhaswa, okokuthi, umphunga wamanzi uyanciphisa kangangokuba ububonakala emehlweni ethu.

Ukukhuphuka kwamanzi okuqinileyo kuthiwa yi-sublimation. Kule meko, badlula kwiphondo elibanzi ukuya kwiindawo ezinobungozi, ngokugqithisa isigaba samanzi. Icandelo elidumileyo le-sublimation linxulumene neekristal. Kwimoko yayo yasekuqaleni, iqhwa liqinile, kumaqondo ashushu ngaphezulu kwe-0 ° iqala ukuyibilika, ithathe i-state liquid. Nangona kunjalo, ngezinye iimeko, kwiimeko eziphambeneyo, iqhwa lihamba liye libe yifomu elinyukayo, ngokugqithisa isigaba samanzi.

Umphumo wokukhuphuka emzimbeni womntu

Siyabulela ukufudumala emzimbeni wethu, ukunyuka kwamanzi kuqhubeka. Le nqubo yenzeka ngokusebenzisa inkqubo yokuzipholisa. Ngomhla oshushu, owonwabileyo, umntu owenza umsebenzi othile osebenzayo ushushu kakhulu. Oku kuthetha ukuba kwandisa amandla angaphakathi. Kwaye njengokuba uyazi, kwiqondo lokubanda ngaphezu kwe 42 °, iprotheni egazini lomntu iqala ukukhawuleza, ukuba awuyikuyeka le nkqubo ngexesha, iya kubangela ukufa.

Inkqubo yokuziphoyisa ihlelwe ngendlela efana nokulawula ukushisa komsebenzi obalulekileyo oqhelekileyo. Xa iqondo lokushisa liba livumeleke kakhulu, ukukhupha okusebenzayo kuqala ngokubaluleka kwesikhumba. Kwaye ke, ukusuka ebusweni besikhumba, kuqhutywe umphunga, obamba amandla omzimba. Ngamanye amagama, ukukhuphuka komzimba yinkqubo enceda ukupholisa umzimba kwiimeko eziqhelekileyo.