Yimalini yenkalo kwaye yenziwa njani?

Makhe sithethe malunga nokuba yintoni ubungakanani bemiba, njengoko ixesha lisetyenziswe kwizifundo zesayensi yesayensi. Ekubeni ubudlelwane obuninzi kwi-chemistry kunye ne-physics bunikwa ingqwalasela enzulu, kubalulekile ukwazi intsingiselo yenyama yazo zonke izinto, iinqununu zabo zokulinganisa, kunye nobubanzi besicelo.

Ukutyunjwa, inkcazo, iiyunithi zomlinganiselo

Kwi-chemistry, ubudlelwane obuninzi bubaluleke kakhulu. Izibalo ezizodwa zisetyenziselwa ukubala ukulingana. Ukuze siqonde ukuba yimalini yenkcazelo ekhemistry, siya kunika inkcazo yegama. Olu buninzi bomzimba obulinganisa inani leempawu ezinxulumeneyo (i-atom, ion, i-molecule, i-electron) ezikhoyo kwimiba. Ukuze siqonde ukuba imali yintoni, siyaqaphela ukuba lo buninzi lunobizo lwaso. Xa wenza izibalo ezibonisa ukusetyenziswa kwesi sixa, sebenzisa ileta n. Iiyunithi zokulinganisa zi-mole, kmol, mmol.

Ixabiso lentengo

Abalimi abalisibhozo, abangayazi ukubhala ukubhaliswa kweekhemikhali, abazi ukuba yimalini yemeko, indlela yokusebenzisa eli xabiso kwizibalo. Emva kokuqhelana nomthetho wokuhlala rhoqo ubuninzi bezinto, ukubaluleka kwesi sibalo kuyacaca. Ngokomzekelo, ekuphenduleni kokutshisa i-hydrogen e-oksijeni, umyinge wama-reactants zimbini enye. Ukuba ubuninzi be-hydrogen engena kwinkqubo yaziwa, kunokwenzeka ukugqiba inani le-oksijeni ethatha inxaxheba kwindlela yamachiza yokusabela ngayo.

Ukusetyenziswa kwefomula ngenani lempahla kusivumela ukuba sinciphise umlinganiselo phakathi kwama-reagents okuqala, lula ukubala. Iyintoni inani lemicimbi kwikhemistri? Ukusuka kwinqanaba leembalo zokubala, zezi zi-coefficients coefficients set to equation. Ziyasetyenziswa ukwenza izibalo ezithile. Indlela yokubala inani le-molecule ayinakwenzeka, yiMole esetyenziswayo. Ukusebenzisa inombolo ye-Avogadro, inokubalwa ukuba i-1 ye-mol ye-reagent iquka 6 · 1023 i-mol ^-1 .

Izibalo

Ngaba ufuna ukuqonda ukuba yimali yento? Kwi-physics, le ninzi isetyenziswa kwakhona. Kufuneka kwi -physics ye-molecular, apho kubalwa khona ukuxinzelelo kunye nomthamo wezinto ezinobisi ngokutsho kwe-Mendeleev-Clapeyron equation. Ukufezekisa naziphi na izibalo zokubala, umlinganiselo we- mass mass isetyenziswe .

Kuthetha ubunzima obuhambelana nomlenze omnye wezinto ezithile zeekhemikhali. Misela ubuninzi be-molar ngokusebenzisa iindidi ze-atomic (isixa sabo sithatha ingqalelo kwinani lee-athomu kwi-molecule) okanye ukuchonga ngobuninzi bezinto, inani layo (i-mole).

Akukho nanye yemisebenzi yekhosi yekhemistry yekhosi, ehambelana nokubala kwe-equation, ingahanjiswa ngaphandle kokusebenzisa igama elithi "inani lemveliso". Ukufumana i-algorithm, awukwazi ukuhlangabezana neendlela eziqhelekileyo zokubala, kodwa kunye nemisebenzi enzima yokwenza i-olimpiad. Ukongeza kwiibalo ngobunzima bomba, kunokwenzeka kwakhona, ngoncedo lwale ngcamango, ukwenza izibalo ngevolumu ye-molar. Oku kubalulekile kumaxesha xa izinto ezinobungozi zithatha inxaxheba ekusebenzisaneni.