Supersonic iza enomjukujelwa esimbaxa "Granite" P-700

Ngexesha IMfazwe, le abayili USSR kunye United States ekuqaleni imisebenzi kwi ekudalweni lweenqanawa ezintywilayo eziqulathe-high speed torpedoes enomjukujelwa imijukujelwa iza. USSR ubudlelwane kuxhotyiwe kunye US kukhokelele ekubeni ukuvela yiSoviet imikhosi exhobileyo cruisers enomjukujelwa, baxhotyiswa imijukujelwa anti-nqanawa kunye ekuhlaseleni supersonic. Ngowe-1983, nixhobe Naval Fleet USSR yamkela P-700 supersonic iza enomjukujelwa esimbaxa "Granite". Ukususela ngo-1969, ukususela ekuqalweni kwayo, yaye kude kube namhlanje entsonkothileyo ukuphucula elingengothi- uvavanyo eyodwa karhulumente.

Indlela ukudala isixhobo?

Umjukujelwa P-700 "Granit" yaphuhliswa kwe- NGOs phantsi kobunkokheli V. N. Chelomeya. Ngowe-1984, yena indawo Gerbertom Efremovym. Iimvavanyo esemthethweni iza enomjukujelwa P-700 complex "Granite" yokuqala ngo-1979.

IBhodi inkqubo izimele uyakhetha eyenza ulawulo cruise enomjukujelwa supersonic, wabiza izazinzulu neenjineli ye-Central Research Institute "Granit". Inoxanduva lokuphendla ukusebenza kweli candelo wamiselwa V. Pavlov CEO.

Uvavanyo lwenziwa kusetyenziswa neenqwelwana yonxweme, ngwenya kunye Cruiser "laseKirov". Ukususela ngowe-1983, wonke umsebenzi wokwakha wagqitywa, yaye Naval Fleet USSR unayo balo oluntsonkothileyo P-700 "Granit". Ifoto ngezantsi uyilo ethile anti-nqanawa ngezikhali.

Yintoni eye efikelelweyo yi-abayili yiSoviet?

Ngexesha umsebenzi ekudalweni enomjukujelwa cruise supersonic P-700 wasebenzisa umgaqo lonxulumelwano ofanayo inezigaba ezintathu:

• Izithuthi ethwele olubonisa injongo.
• Le eliphakathi apho sicwangciso wenza imijukujelwa.
• RCC.

Ngenxa nokudalwa macandelo data amaqela elinye uza kunika ithuba Navy eSoviet Union ukumelana nomngeni amadabi elwandle: ukutshabalalisa amaqela enqanaweni kunye othwala moya enamandla.

Ziziphi iinqanawa bexhobe isethi entsha?

Ngokutsho ummiselo Central Committee CPSU, emva kokuba iimvavanyo moya yimpumelelo, leyo lwaqhutywa ngoNovemba 1975, "Granite" complex ezaxhobela:

• "Antey" - ngwenya yenyukliya.
• "Orlan" - enzima yenyukliya imizili Cruiser.
• "Merlin" - moya enzima ethwele Cruiser.
• "Admiral eSoviet Union Fleet Kuznetsov".
• moya Heavy ethwele Cruiser.
• "Pet Veliky" - a Cruiser enzima.

Ngomhla uhlobo lwefuthe eendaba ubungakanani ngezikhali. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, lo imijukujelwa P-700 kufuneka itshintshwe imijukujelwa anti-nqanawa ubhetyebhetye kwaye compact kunye engaba elincinci. Kufuneka itshintshwe kwakhona wachaza iphelelwe zabo zobugcisa.

ufakelo Efficiency

Ukuze simelane usongo komdlali ophethe moya bokwenyani le abayili Air US Navy Russian wafunyanwa isisombululo yezi kunye neendleko-olusebenzayo. Kwenziwe izibalo lubonise ukuba uqwalaselo nganye inkwili oluntsonkothileyo Russian "Granit" ilizwe sitshiphu ngaphezu abathwali zabo moya US. Emva kokuba umsebenzi phezu yotshintsho imijukujelwa nabakhi zabo SIC "Granite", ngokuxhomekeka ukuphuculwa kunye nokugcinwa intumekelelo yokusebenza, ivelise amanqanaba aphezulu de 2020.

Yintoni isixhobo?

Irula P-700 complex "Granite" imveliso isiga ezimilise, inxalenye elingaphambili luyinto umoya owongozelelweyo thunzi yokusonga empennage limise. Inxalenye ngundoqo fuselage lixhotyiswe iphiko emfutshane ukuba nditshayele eliphezulu. Emva kokuqalisa enomjukujelwa Iphiko lisaqhuba. Umjukujelwa kulungiselelwe ulwandle kunye nendawo nomoya. Kuxhomekeka kokusebenza Committe imeko RCC unako ukusebenzisa indlela eyahlukileyo. Complex "Granit" linokuyiqhuba a wokudubula Ammo ezikhoyo, kwaye sebenzisa i RCC yedwa. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, lo mgaqo: omnye ekhutshwe yi-P-700 - omnye watsho utshaba inqanawa.

On yintoni injongo ojolise imijukujelwa iza supersonic?

imisebenzi UMbane oQhelekileyo complex "Granite" ukutshabalala ekujoliswe aselwandle. Ngokutsho iingcaphephe zomkhosi, ukuba enze ukudutyulwa izibonelelo yesabelo kuyingxaki. Isizathu kukuba xa udlula phezu injongo komhlaba GOS (homing) RCC akukho liyasebenza. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, umjukujelwa na imo elizenzekelayo apho intloko homing off. Endaweni yoko, umsebenzi abalibona RCC yenza inkqubo inertial. Ezinamaphiko P-700 abe badubula uluhlu eliphezulu kakhulu iithagethi ezisentlabathini nezisenxwemeni (ngaphezulu kwe elwandle). Ngenxa yokuchithwa kwezibonelelo kumhlaba kuba PRK ayifuni ukuncitshiswa ukuphakama encinane. Phezu kwako nje oku, ngathi ukusetyenziswa imijukujelwa iza ngaphandle esebenzayo GOS - isifundo eninzi: iimbumbulu esimbaxa "Granite" oko isengozini ukhuseleko umoya yotshaba.

Njani na ekuqaleni?

Isindululo cruise enomjukujelwa P-700 "Granite" iza esebenzisa elahliweyo ecaleni axis usembindini turbojet Korea-21-300. Ezomva umjukujelwa kukho block oluquka ezine namafutha, besebenzisa amafutha okuqinileyo. Kuba yokugcina rocket kukho izithuthi kunye sungula atywinwe ezizodwa isikhongozeli. Phambi kokuqala RCC "Granite" P-700 amaphiko nesisila sele sikhundla esongiweyo. Ngoncedo lwe cowl nkundla-emile enze isigubungelo zezulu otyiwa. Ukuze ukuba "Granite" U-700 ngexesha lokwazisa rocket zange exhausts ezonakeleyo, phambi kokusebenza kokuba ezaliswe ngamanzi ezithathwe ngasemva. Le nkqubo iyimfuneko ukwenzela ukuba namafutha ukuba utyhala rocket ngaphandle kwam. Lwale nkundla-emile osimelela sele emoyeni. Kulo mzekelo, amaphiko kunye nomsila, ezibe ukuqala ngokwaseburhulumenteni elisongiweyo, zibonakaliswa ngokubhalwa. Emva kokuba namafutha yokutsha sele axis, kwaye rocket indiza usebenzisa izomelezi.

Le isixhobo swi?

Evuthayo "Granit" P-700 ziquka:

• High-zivutha wajula warhead. Oko: Umlinganiseli 585 ukuya-750 kg.

• nuclear okulwa.
• TNT okulingana, ubunzima bawo kilotons 500.

Namhlanje - ulwamkelo yezizwe ngezizwe - imijukujelwa iza zenyukliya "Granit" P-700 akuvumelekanga. Kuba izixhobo zabo kuphela iiyunithi yokulwa i-Convention kaThixo.

iimpawu yokusebenza

• Ubungakanani zakhiwo enomjukujelwa "Granite" P-700 kweemitha ezilishumi.
• Ubukhulu - 85 cm.
• Evulekile - 260 cm.
• Phambi kokuba umpu ekuqaleni angu 7.
• Le mveliso uyakwazi ukufikelela flight ephakame ubuncinane kwindawo yokuhlaselwa-25 eemitha.
• Ludityanisiwe flight umendo ivumela umjukujelwa ukufikelela kuluhlu ukuya km 625.
• Ezindaweni-indlela likuvumela ukuba wenze i-flight kumgama elingagqithanga 200 km.
• Ukusebenzisa ANN inkqubo yolawulo ARLGSN.
• Umpu lifakelwe warhead gaze, leyo ubunzima-750 kg.

Ngenxa ubunzima elikhulu uqina eliphezulu P-700 kunzima ukuba hit nabo imijukujelwa moya. Ngokutsho kwezinye iingcali emkhosini, dabi U-700, nto leyo inobunzima 750 kg, lusebenza kuphela ukuba ibetha target ndawo. Oku kungenxa yokuba, eyenza kube nzima ukuba itshatshazi lithe hit ekujoliswe ezahlukeneyo iza enomjukujelwa luphawulwa ezingaqhelekanga ku ezahlukene meters ukuya ku-200.

Yintoni ikhompyutha yedijithali?

Ukuze enomjukujelwa isikhokelo ekujoliswe isicelo intloko radar esebenzayo. amajelo Ulwazi ezisetyenziswa ibhodi trehprotsessornoy ikhompyutha (FDC), kwenza kube lula ukubona inani elikhulu nokuphazamiseka nenjongo. Ngexesha iqela awasungule imijukujelwa (ivolibholi) Ubhaqo utshaba uba kunokwenzeka ngokuhlawulana neethagethi ulwazi, ukuchonga kunye nokuhanjiswa kwi parameters ezahlukeneyo phakathi iintloko imizili homing.

Ukukwazi ukuqalisa iqela escorts, abathwali moya neenqanawa ukubetha emanzini ukuchonga kujoliswe ezifunwayo awuxabele uyadana kunokwenzeka ngenxa ezendeleyo idatha kwikhompyutha kwi-ibhodi ezifunekayo kuzo zonke iindidi neenqanawa mihla. Umsebenzi FDC inenjongo electronic imfazwe umdlali ukuthi ngokudala ingxolo kunye nezinye amaqhinga air wokhuseleko banokwenza ukuphambukisa imijukujelwa iza kukhutshwa kude le njongo. Kule yangoku P-700 iye 3B47 station "zwi", nto leyo ngoncedo izixhobo ezizodwa licwangcisa reflectors ezongezelelweyo kunye decoys zibonelelwa umdlali welinye icala. Ukufumaneka computer ekwinqwelo wenza i enomjukujelwa P-700 kakhulu krelekrele: PKR ekhuselweyo uphazamiseko utshaba radar, ukuphendula Ngokubeka ezabo kwaye kudala ekujoliswe lobuxoki ngenxa ukuziphendulela bahlaselwa. Ekuqaleni elo qela ngenxa kwikhompyutha ekwinqwelo uyakwazi ukutshintsha iinkcukacha.

Njani na ukuhlaselwa?

Ngecala lokudubula ekujoliswe, umgama apho ngaphezulu kwe-120 km, i-P-700 lisingisa kubude km 17. Inxalenye enkulu moya lwenziweyo kweli nqanaba. Kule lisendaweni rocket na ifuthe elincinane kwinkcaso emoyeni ekuvumela ukuba ugcine amafutha. Kwinqanaba 17 km radius of Ubhaqo ekujoliswe eziphuculiweyo. Xa target lafunyanwa isela elo, yesazisi wayo kwenziwa. Ngoko lakhupha rocket liye lancitshiswa-25 eemitha. GOS off. Oku kwenza RCC ayibonakali radar yotshaba. GOS luvuliwe sele phambi uhlaselo, xa kuyimfuneko ukwenza icebiso ngqo. kuhlaselwa enomjukujelwa ecwangciswe ngendlela yokuba kuqala watshabalalisa iinjongo eziphambili ze emva koko - ezingephi. nokusasazwa kolwazi kwenzeka phakathi iintloko imijukujelwa ngaphambi kokuba bagule. Ngenxa oku, ukuze abatshabalalise ekujoliswe nganye yenzelwe inani elithile imijukujelwa. Ukufumaneka pre-esetwe ngalinye amaqhinga iza enomjukujelwa ivumela ukuba bazikhusele anti-moya ukuziphendulela kotshaba.

Njani le RCC?

Attack ikhuphe enomjukujelwa cruise elinye ingabhekiswa kwinqanawa eyahlukileyo. Ukuba wenziwe isiqalo iqela, RCC kuchaphazela lonke uluhlu kwezithuthi. Ifumaneka imikhosi ngamava emoyeni-aselwandle kunye P-700 wabonisa amagalelo kahle eliphezulu kwi ekujoliswe bonxweme utshaba ukuba basebenze neqela. Kulo mzekelo, rocket yokuqala equlathe spetszaryad, kungasebenzi zonke iindlela zokuzikhusela air yotshaba. Iqela yenethiwekhi-esekelwe ugxeke isixeko okanye kwizibuko akusekho unako ukuxhathisa. Isigaba esilandelayo ukuhlasela olwenziwe kwezinye imijukujelwa, abangancedekanga spetszaryadov ukuba simfamekisa yotshaba. Le izikhali complex wadubula eyodwa kubo inokufana gunner. Advantageously ukusetyenziswa enjalo kulawulo RCC esigama umlilo. ukuba kubonelelwa ukusetyenziswa ukuphakama eninzi. Xa iimbalelwano ukuyibona lutshaba okanye ukutshatyalaliswa kwayo, ejolise umsebenzi ngokuzenzekelayo ithatha unonophelo enye iza imizili supersonic.

iimfundiso 2016

October 16, 2016, ekuqhubeni uqeqesho kwimisebenzi yokulwa, i crew inkwili lwenyukliya "Antey" wadubula enomjukujelwa P-700 complex "Granite". Le ndawo yaba polygon sokudubula i Novaya Zemlya leziqithi.

Ngokutsho kwezinye iingcali emkhosini, ukuvulwa kwe U-700 lwaqhutywa ngenjongo izikhali lixesha okanye ezinengxaki zifutha kunye nokutshintshwa zabo ezilandelayo. Ngelo xesha linye imo sehlakalo elandelwayo xa ekujoliswe emhlabeni. Kukho kwakhona olunye uhlobo lwale msebenzi: ngenxa imeko yezopolitiko langoku ehlabathini, isiganeko laba isibonakaliso NATO, leyo iRussia abathwali enomjukujelwa eSoviet nto yalupheleyo, yala maxesha, nako nomlilo kwi ekujoliswe emhlabeni ngalo naliphi na ixesha.