EWest Berlin. Imida yeWest Berlin

Ilizwe laseYurophu eliphambili kwaye liphuhliswe yiJamani. IG.Berlin, eyinkunzi enkulu, ithathwa njengesixeko esinomlando onzima kwaye unzima. Kwaye enye yeyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu kwixesha layo lixesha, kwithuba apho i-capital lihlukaniswe libe zimbini. LwaseMpuma naseNtshona Berlin.

Ukuqala kwembali

Emva kokuba iMfazwe Yehlabathi Yesibili iphelile, iziphathimandla zengqesho kwintshona-ntshona yenkunzi-ntloko zaqala ukwenza ngokuzithemba ukuhlukana kweBerlin zibe zimbini. Uninzi luyenziwe kule nto. Ngokomzekelo, amacandelo aseFransi, amaNgesi kunye nama-America athatyathwa kwipolitiki nakwi-system yoqoqosho kwintshona yelizwe. Kwangexesha elide, iWest Berlin yadlala indima ekhethekileyo kumzabalazo olwa neGDR, kunye namanye amazwe amaninzi karhulumente wenkululeko . Ngaphezulu kweyodwa, amalungu e-NATO enza ukuba iWest Berlin ibe yimpikiswano, kwaye yahlawulwa. Ukuze kube ngokuchanekileyo, konke oku kukhokelela ekuhlaleni ubudlelwane phakathi kwamazwe kunye nemeko yehlabathi jikelele. Ngenxa yoko, ngo-1961, ekupheleni kwehlobo, urhulumente we-GDR wagqiba ukuqinisa ukulawulwa nokukhuselwa kwesi sithili. Ngenxa yoko, imida yaseWest Berlin yayichukumiseka, kwaye ulawulo lomda lwaziswa.

East Berlin

Esi sihloko asikwazi ukunyanzelwa. Emva koko, ngelo xesha kwakukho iWest neMpuma eBerlin. Yintoni endiyithethayo malunga nokugqibela? Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-East Berlin ukuya kwi-GDR imihla ukususela ngo-1948-1952. Wayenebudlelwane bezoqoqosho kunye namanye amazwe ommandla wokuhlala. Kodwa ke badibanisa kwiRiphabliki yaseDemocratic Republic yaseJamani, kwaye i-East Berlin yaba yinyunyana kunye nayo, ngaloo ndlela ifumana ilungelo lokunyulwa kwamagosa kwi-Chamber of Lands, kwakunye neCandelo labantu. Imithetho eyadluliselwa yiPhalamende yaqala ukusebenza emva kokuba iBhunga leSixeko livumile. Enyanisweni, e-East Berlin, urhulumente, ipalamente, i-Ofisi yoMtshutshisi Jikelele, kwakunye neNkundla ePhakamileyo. Kuyathakazelisa ukuba umgaqo-siseko we-East Berlin wamukelwa kuphela ngo-1990, ngo-Aprili wama-23. Kuze kube ngulo mzuzwana, indima yakhe yazaliseka nguMgaqo-siseko we-Greater Berlin.

Phuhliso

Ngomnyaka we-1953, ubungqina obunxamnye noburhulumenteni babulala eMpuma yeBerlin. Kodwa ngokukhawuleza yachithwa yimikhosi yaseSoviet, njengoko inkokheli ye-GDR yayifuna. Emva koko iWest Berlin yaqala ukuba "ukubonakaliswa", isikhungo sesithili sonke. Kwakuyiyona nto inesixeko esinomgangatho omhle wokuphila ngelo xesha, inkululeko yentando yenkululeko kunye nokukhuselwa koluntu. Ngelo xesha, "inkunzi yesikhashana" yaseJamani yamisela isixeko saseBonn. Ethetha nge-GDR, yabeka inkunzi yayo kwiSithili saseMpuma, ngokulandelanayo. Ukubambana kwaqina, kwaye ngo-1961 ukwakhiwa kweBall yaseBerlin kwaqala. I-Initiative yale projekthi yabekwa yi-GDR yentlalo. Izizwe ukusuka kwelinye icala ukuya kwelinye ziza kudlulela ngokukodwa ngokujoliswe kule ngongoma. Apho, abantu badlula umlawuli, emva koko bavunyelwe ukuwela umda, okanye kungenjalo.

Ubudlelwane neJamani

Ngowe-1972, isivumelwano semibandela emine phakathi kwe-USSR, iFransi, iBrithani kunye ne-United States yaqalisa ukusebenza kunye nezivumelwano ezininzi malunga nemibandela enxulumene ne-FRG, i-GDR kunye ne-Senate ngokwayo, ngaphantsi kolawulo lwalo lwaseNtshona Berlin lwaluphantsi kolawulo. Emva koko, imeko enzima, eyayisele ibe yinto eqhelekileyo kummandla wesithili, yayilele. Esi sivumelwano sivunyelwe ukugcina ubudlelwane obuhle phakathi kweBerlin West kunye neRiphabhliki yaseJamani, ngaphezu koko, kule ngxelo kufuneka bahlakulele. Nangona kunjalo, phantsi kwemeko enye - ukuba amacandelo asathathwa njengecala kwiSepublic Republic. Oku kunokubizwa ngokuba luhlobo lokungqinelani.

KwezoPolitiko

Sifanele sithethe ngamagama ambalwa malunga nendlela yezobupolitika yaseNtshona Berlin. Igunya eliphezulu liyiKomiti yamaDungu, kwaye isigqeba siphendulwa yi-senate, inhloko yayo yayidolophu. Kufuneka kwakhona kuqaphele ukuba babelawulwa ngabaphathi bamagunya. Ukuthetha ngamaqela ezopolitiko, into yokuqala endifuna ukuyibhala yintando yesininzi, intlalontle kunye namaKristu. Babonwa njengemibutho yomhlaba yamacandelo athile e-Federal Republic. Akunakwenzeka ukukhankanya iqela eliyingqinileyo lentlalo, ngamanye amagama athetha - uMarxist-Leninist. Kwintsimi yaseWest Berlin, kwakukho umbutho weemanyano zabasebenzi baseJamani kunye neminye imibutho.

Uphuhliso noPhumelelo

EMpuma naseNtshona Kapa Berlin (imephu yedolophu endala ibonisa ngokucacileyo ukuba i-capital capital) yahlula njani izithili, kwaye nganye yahlala ubomi bayo. Inani elikhulu lamalungiselelo laqala ukubonakala malunga nokusetyenziswa kwintsimi yaseWest Berlin, iingcamango zokuphucula izibonelelo. Ukuphuhlisa ngokucwangcisiweyo isicwangciso sokuphucula ingxenye yeMpuma. Waqala ukuvela iingcamango ezipheleleyo, ezenzelwe ukuphucula phambili amathuba okuphuhlisa. Iindlela zakha kwakhona. Kukho indlela ebalulekileyo kakhulu kule nto. Ngokomzekelo, umzila wendlela wawuxhunywe ngeendlela eziphambili. Kukho inkqubo yezitrato ezimele. Kwaye indawo eyayibizwa ngokuba yiKurfurstendamm ibonwa njengeziko elinye. Ngoko iMpuma kunye neNtshonalanga yeenkunzi ezinkulu zaseJamani zenziwe zaze zawa ukuwa kweBell Wall. Kwaye kwenzeka ngoku kutshanje-kuphela ngo-1989, kwakhona kwi-initiative ye-GDR, ngenxa yokuba i-USSR yenqabile ukuphazamisa kwimicimbi yezopolitiko yeRiphabhulikhi.

Lethu ixesha

Udonga lweBerlin luye lwafa nje, njengoko sele luchazwe, kwaye mhlawumbi, ngenxa yesi sizathu sokuba iindawo zaseMpuma naseNtshona ziyinkunzi kakhulu. Yonke into eyahlukileyo: ukuqala ngombala wezibane, ekupheleni kwendawo yokwakha. Inxalenye yasentshona inotye kwizinto eziqhakazileyo zedolophu yaseBerlin. Iifoto, ezibonisa ezinye zazo, ngokuqinisekileyo zikhuthaze ukufundisisa imbali yesi sixeko. Ngoko, umzekelo, simele siqaphe ipaki iTergarten kunye nekholomu yoNqoba. Okanye i-Palace ye-Bellevue, ehlala kwindawo epakiweyo epaki. Ngomzuzu kuthathwa njengendawo yokuhlala kaMongameli.

I-Architecture kunye nelifa lemveli

Ukwakhiwa kweeWest Berlin akunakukhangela iso. I-Pearl yaseCharlottenburg ithathwa njengeparele kunye nepropati ye-capital. Ukulungiswa kwayo kuhlaselwa kwinkulungwane ye-17 kumfazi kaFrederick III, uSophia-Charlotte. Kwaye, ngokuqinisekileyo, ukhanyisa ngobukhulu beReichstag. Walawulwa ukuba akhe uKumkani William, ekupheleni kwekhulu le-19 (ukuchaneka, ngo-1884). UPaul Valotta wayebandakanyeke ekudaleni isicwangciso sakhiwo, kwaye ngenxa yoko, kwakhiwe isakhiwo. Nangona kunjalo, ngowe-1933 wayesetyenziswe ngomlilo. Kodwa emva kweMfazwe Yehlabathi Yesibili yaphela, iReichstag yavuselelwa kwakhona. I-Berlin yaseBerlin yinto yangoku ekhoyo ngokwemigaqo yokwakha, kodwa oku kukugqwesileyo kwinqununu. Ukudibanisa ngokubambisana kwezakhiwo zasendulo kunye nezikhangiso zanamhlanje zikhangisa abantu abavela kulo lonke ihlabathi ukuya kwesi sixeko. Kwaye njengabavakhenkethi abaqhelekileyo, kunye neembali-mlando, abadala bezinto zakudala, kunye nabanye abanobuqu abajonga njengelifa lemveli yesixeko saseBerlin. Iifoto ezikhoyo namhlanje, azikwazi ukugqithisa ngokupheleleyo ugunyaziso lwenkunzi, kodwa unikele ngcamango yalo - ngokuqinisekileyo.